Kodi kudzipereka ndi chiyani? Chitsogozo chathunthu pakuchipembedzo ichi
Monasonism ndi mchitidwe wachipembedzo wokhala wodzipatula kudziko lapansi, nthawi zambiri wopezeka pagulu la anthu amodzimodzi, kupewa tchimo ndikuyandikira kwa Mulungu.
Mawuwa amachokera ku liwu lachi Greek loti monachos, lotanthauza munthu wosungulumwa. Amonke ndi amitundu iwiri: hermitic kapena yekha; ndi cenobitics, iwo omwe amakhala mu mgwirizano wam'banja kapena dera.
Monastism woyamba
Chikristu chachipembedzo chachiyuda chinayambira ku Egypt ndi North Africa pafupifupi 270 AD, pamodzi ndi abambo achipululu, azitsamba omwe amapita kuchipululu ndi kukapereka chakudya ndi madzi kuti asayesedwe. M'modzi mwa amonke oyamba kukhala amodzi anali Abba Antony (251-356), yemwe adapuma pantchito yowonongeka kuti akapemphere ndikusinkhasinkha. Abba Pacomias (292-346) waku Egypt amadziwika kuti ndiye woyambitsa nyumba zachifumu za cenobite kapena gulu.
M'madera oyamba monast, monk aliyense ankapemphera, kusala kudya ndikugwira ntchito yekha, koma izi zidayamba kusintha pomwe Augustine (354-430), bishopu wa Hippo ku North Africa, adalemba lamulo kapena malangizo a amonke ndi masisitere ku ulamuliro wake. Mmenemo, adatsindika za umphawi ndi pemphero ngati maziko a moyo wopeza bwino. Augustine anaphatikizaponso kusala kudya komanso kugwira ntchito ngati ukristu. Ulamuliro wake sunafotokozeredwe mwatsatanetsatane kuposa ena omwe akanatsatira, koma a Benedict wa Norcia (480-547), amenenso adalemba lamulo la amonke ndi masisitere, adadalira kwambiri malingaliro a Augustine.
Monasticism inafalikira kudera lonse la Mediterranean ndi ku Europe, makamaka chifukwa cha ntchito ya amonke aku Ireland. Mu Middle Ages, Benedictine Rule, potengera nzeru komanso luso, idafalikira ku Europe.
Amonke a m'maderawo adalimbikira ntchito zawo kuti athandizire amfumu awo. Nthawi zambiri malo ophunzirawa amapatsidwa kwa iwo chifukwa linali lakutali kapena lodana ndi ulimi. Poyeserera ndi kulakwitsa, amonke adakwaniritsa zatsopano zambiri zaulimi. Ankathandizanso pantchito monga kukopera zolemba pamanja za Baibulo komanso zolemba zakale, kupereka maphunziro ndikukonza zomangidwe zachitsulo ndi ntchito. Adasamalira odwala ndi osauka ndipo mkati mwa Middle Ages adasunga mabuku ambiri omwe akadatayika. Mgwirizano wamtendere komanso wogwirizana mkati mwa amonke nthawi zambiri umakhala chitsanzo kwa anthu ena kunja kwake.
M'zaka za zana la XNUMX ndi XNUMX, kuzunza kunayamba. Pomwe andale ankalamulira Tchalitchi cha Roma Katolika, mafumu ndi mafumu ena amagwiritsa ntchito nyumba zachifumu ngati mahotela paulendowu ndipo amayembekeza kuti azidyetsa nyumba mnyumba molemekeza. Malamulo okula anaikidwira kwa amonke achichepere ndi asisitere a novice; Zophwanya malamulo nthawi zambiri zinkalangidwa ndi zolakwika.
Nyumba zina zachifumu zinalemera pomwe ena sanathe kudzithandiza okha. Pamene mawonekedwe andale komanso azachuma asintha pazaka zambiri zapitazi, nyumba zachifumu sizinasinthe kwenikweni. Pambuyo pake kusintha kwa tchalitchi kunabwezeretsa nyumba za ambuyawo kukhala cholinga chawo choyambirira ngati nyumba zopemphereramo ndi kusinkhasinkha.
Monastism lero
Masiku ano, nyumba zambiri zachifumu zachikatolika ndi Orthodox zimapezekanso padziko lonse lapansi, kuyambira m'magulu ongoyendayenda kumene amonke a Trappist kapena masisitere amalumbira kuti atha kukhala chete, kuphunzitsa ndi mabungwe othandizira omwe amapereka odwala ndi osauka. Moyo watsiku ndi tsiku umakhala ndi nthawi zopemphera nthawi zambiri, kusinkhasinkha komanso kulinganiza ntchito kuti alipire ndalama zolipirira anthu am'deralo.
Monismism nthawi zambiri imatsutsidwa ngati yosakhala ya Bayibulo. Otsutsa akuti Grand Commission ilamula akhristu kuti apite kudziko lapansi kukalalikira. Komabe, a Augustine, Benedict, Basil ndi ena adanenetsa kuti kudzipatula pagulu, kusala kudya, kugwira ntchito komanso kudzikana tokha inali njira yotsirizira, ndipo mathero ake anali kukonda Mulungu. zinali kuchita ntchito kuti munthu afanane ndi Mulungu, anatero, koma m'malo mwake zidachitika kuti achotse zopinga za dziko lapansi pakati pa mnuna kapena sisitere ndi Mulungu.
Ochirikiza Chikristu chachipembedzo cha monastism amati ziphunzitso za Yesu Kristu zokhudzana ndi chuma ndi zolepheretsa anthu. Amathandizira moyo wa John Mbatizi monga chodzikakamiza ndipo amatchulira kusala kudya kwa Yesu m'chipululu kuteteza kusala kudya komanso zakudya zosavuta komanso zochepa. Pomaliza, anagwira mawu a pa Mateyo 16:24 monga chifukwa chodzichepetsera komanso kumvera: Kenako Yesu anati kwa ophunzira ake: "Aliyense amene afuna kukhala wophunzira wanga ayenera kudzikana yekha, atenge mtanda ndi kunditsatira." (NIV)