Kuphimba tsitsi mu Chiyuda
Mu Chiyuda, azimayi achi Orthodox amabisa tsitsi kuyambira pomwe akwatiwa. Momwe akazi amaphimbira tsitsi ndi nkhani ina, ndipo kumvetsetsa masemikidwe a kuphimba tsitsi motsutsana ndi kuphimba kumutu ndichinthu chofunikira mu halakha (law) lophimba.
Kumayambiriro
Chophimba chimazika mizu mu sotah, kapena amaganiza kuti ndiye wachigololo, munkhani ya Numeri 5: 11-22. Mavesi amenewa amafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane zomwe zimachitika mwamuna akamakaikira mkazi wa chigololo.
Ndipo Mulungu analankhula ndi Mose, nati, Lankhula ndi ana a Israyeli, nunene nawo, Ngati mkazi wa munthu asokera nakhala wosakhulupirika kwa iye, ndipo mwamunayo agona naye, nabisala pamaso pake; Mwamuna ndipo mkaziyo amakhala wodetsedwa kapena wodetsedwa mseri, ndipo sipadzakhala mboni zotsutsana naye kapena kumugwira, ndipo mzimu wa nsanje udzafika pa iye ndipo amachitira nsanje mkazi wake ndipo iye ali kapena ngati mzimuwo ya nsanje ikumugwera ndipo amamuchitira nsanje ndipo samakhala wodetsedwa kapena wodetsedwa, chifukwa chake mwamunayo amatenga mkazi wake kupita naye kwa Wansembe Woyera ndikumubweretsera chopereka, chakhumi cha ufa wa barele efai, osati azithira mafuta m'menemo, kapena kuthira zofukiza m'menemo, pakuti ndiyo nsembe yambewu yansanje, nsembe yachikumbutso yachikumbutso, yomwe imakumbutsa. Ndipo Wansembe Woyera adzamuyandikira ndikumuika pamaso pa Mulungu ndipo Wansembe Woyera adzatenga madzi oyerawo m'sitima yapansi ndi fumbi lomwe lili pansi kuchokera pachopereka chomwe Wansembe Woyera adzachiyika m'madzi. Wansembe Woyera adzaika mkaziyo pamaso pa Mulungu ndi Parah tsitsi lake ndikuyika nsembe yokumbukira m'manja mwake, yomwe ndi nsembe yambewu yansanje, ndipo m'manja mwa wansembeyo muli madzi amadzi owawa omwe amabweretsa temberera. Ndipo adzalumbiridwa ndi Wansembe Woyera, nati, Ngati palibe munthu anagona ndi iwe, ndipo sunadetsedwa ndi wina pambali pa mwamuna wako, udzapewa madzi awa owawa. Koma ngati wasokera ndipo ukhala wosadetsedwa kapena wodetsedwa, madziwo adzakuwononga ndipo ayamba kuti amen, ameni.
M'chigawo chino, tsitsi la achigololo omwe akuwakayikira ndi parah, lomwe lili ndi tanthauzo losiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza kuluka kapena kumasulidwa. Angatanthauzenso kukhumudwitsidwa, kuvundukulidwa kapena kusokonezeka. Pazochitika zonsezi, chithunzi cha anthu omwe akumuganizira kuti ndi achigololo chimasinthidwa ndikusintha kwa tsitsi lake pamutu pake.
Arabi adazindikira kuchokera mu ndimeyi kuchokera mu Torah, chifukwa chake, kuphimba kumutu kapena tsitsi linali lamulo kwa "ana akazi aku Israeli" (Sifrei Bamidbar 11) motsogozedwa ndi Mulungu. Mosiyana ndi zipembedzo zina, kuphatikizapo Chisilamu zomwe ali ndi atsikana okutira tsitsi asanakwatirane, arabi adapeza kuti tanthauzo la gawo ili la sotah limatanthauza kuti tsitsi ndi chophimba kumutu zimangogwira ntchito kwa akazi okwatiwa.
Lingaliro lomaliza
Ochenjera ambiri pakapita nthawi adatsutsana ngati chigamulochi chinali Dat Moshe (lamulo la Torah) kapena Dat Yehudi, chikhalidwe cha anthu achiyuda (malinga ndi dera, miyambo yamabanja, ndi zina zambiri) yomwe idakhala lamulo. Momwemonso, kusamveketsa bwino za masantiki mu Torah zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kumvetsetsa kalembedwe kapena mtundu wa chovala chamutu kapena tsitsi lomwe lidagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Malingaliro ovuta komanso ovomerezeka okhudza kuphimba kumutu, komabe, akuti udindo wobisa tsitsi sungasinthe ndipo sungasinthe (Gemara Ketubot 72a-b), ndikupangitsa kuti akhale Dat Moshe kapena lamulo la Mulungu. - mkazi wachiyuda woyang'anitsitsa amayenera kuphimba tsitsi laukwati. Izi zikutanthauza, komabe, china chosiyana.
Zoyenera kuphimba
Mu Torah, akuti "tsitsi" la omwe akuwakayikira achigololo anali parah. Mmaonekedwe a arabi, ndikofunikira kuganizira funso lotsatirali: tsitsi ndi chiyani?
tsitsi (n) kukula kochepera kwa khungu la khungu la nyama; makamaka: imodzi mwazinthu zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndimatumba omwe amapanga malaya amtundu wa nyama (www.mw.com)
Mu Chiyuda, chophimba kumutu kapena tsitsi chimadziwika kuti kisui rosh (key-sue-ee rowh), chomwe chimamasulira kwenikweni kuphimba kumutu. Pachifukwa ichi, ngakhale mkazi atameta mutu wake, ayenerabe kuphimba kumutu kwake. Momwemonso, amayi ambiri amatenga izi kutanthauza kuti muyenera kungophimba mutu wanu osati tsitsi lomwe limagwera pamutu panu.
Polemba malamulo a Maimonides (yemwenso amadziwika kuti Rambam), amasiyanitsa mitundu iwiri yazopezedwa: yokwanira komanso pang'ono, ndikuphwanya koyamba kwa Dat Moshe (lamulo la Torah). Limanenanso kuti ndi lamulo lachindunji la Torah kuti azimayi aziletsa tsitsi lawo kuwonetsedwa pagulu, ndipo ndichikhalidwe cha akazi achiyuda kukweza miyezoyo posonyeza kudzichepetsa ndikusunga chophimba pamutu pawo nthawi zonse. , kuphatikiza mkati mnyumba (Hilchot Ishut 24: 12). Chifukwa chake Rambam akuti kufotokozera kwathunthu ndi lamulo komanso kufotokozera pang'ono ndi chikhalidwe. Pamapeto pake, mfundo yake ndikuti tsitsi lanu lisakhumudwitsidwe [parah] kapena kuwululidwa.
Mu Talmud ya ku Babulo, njira yolekerera kwambiri imakhazikitsidwa chifukwa chophimba kumutu kocheperako sichivomerezeka pagulu, ngati mayi akupita kubwalo lake kupita kwina kudzera mumsewu, ndizokwanira ndipo saphwanya Dat Yehudit, kapena malamulo achikhalidwe . Jerusalem Talmud, mbali inayi, ikukakamira kuvala chovala chochepa m'bwalo ndikukhala mutu wathunthu mumsewu. Onse awiri aku Babulo ndi Jerusalem Talmud amachita ndi "malo opezeka anthu onse" m'mawu awa Rabbi Shlomo ben Aderet, a Rashba, adati "tsitsi lomwe limatuluka kunja kwa mpango ndi mwamuna wake limazolowera" silimaganiziridwa " zamaliseche. M'nthawi ya Talmudic, Maharam Alshakar adanena kuti zingwe zimaloledwa kupachikika kutsogolo (pakati pa khutu ndi mphumi), ngakhale anali ndi chizolowezi chotseka chingwe chilichonse chomaliza cha tsitsi la mkazi. Chigamulochi chinapanga zomwe Ayuda ambiri achi Orthodox amamvetsetsa ngati lamulo la tefach, kapena m'lifupi m'manja, lolola ena kutsitsa tsitsi lawo ngati mabang'i.
M'zaka za zana la 20, Rabi Moshe Feinstein adalamula kuti azimayi onse okwatiwa ayenera kuphimba tsitsi lawo pagulu komanso kuti akuyenera kuphimba chingwe chilichonse, kupatula tefach. Adanenanso kuti "zonse zili zolondola," koma kuwululidwa kwa a tefach sikuphwanya Dat Yehudit.
Momwe mungabisire
Amayi ambiri amaphimba ndi mipango yodziwika ngati tichel (yotchedwa "tickle") kapena mitpaha ku Israel, pomwe ena amasankha kuphimba nduwira kapena chipewa. Pali ambiri omwe amasankhanso kubisala ndi wigi, yodziwika mdziko lachiyuda ngati sheitel (wotchedwa shay-tull).
Wowiriwo adayamba kutchuka ndi omwe sanali Ayuda koyambirira kuposa ndi Ayuda owonera. Ku France m'zaka za zana la XNUMXth, ma wigi adatchuka ngati zida zamafashoni za amuna ndi akazi, ndipo arabi adakana mawigi ngati njira kwa Ayuda chifukwa zinali zosayenera kutengera "njira zamitundu". Ngakhale amayi amawona ngati mwayi kuti aphimbe mitu yawo. Mawigi anali kukumbatiridwa, monyinyirika, koma amayi nthawi zambiri ankaphimba ma wigs ndi mtundu wina wa chisoti, monga chipewa, monga momwe zimakhalira m'mipingo yambiri ya Hasidic masiku ano.
Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson, malemu a Lubavitcher Rebbe, amakhulupirira kuti wigi ndiye mutu wapamutu wabwino kwambiri kwa mayi chifukwa sizinali zosavuta kuchotsa ngati mpango kapena chipewa. Kumbali ina, wakale wa Sephardi Rabi waku Israel Ovadiah Yosef adatcha ma wig "mliri wakhate", mpaka kufika ponena kuti "iye amene akutuluka ndi wigi, lamuloli limakhala ngati akutuluka ndi mutu wake [ kupeza]. "
Komanso, malinga ndi Darkei Moshe, Orach Chaim 303, mutha kudula tsitsi lanu ndikusandutsa wig:
"Mkazi wokwatiwa amaloledwa kuwonetsa wigi yake ndipo palibe kusiyana kaya wapangidwa ndi tsitsi lake kapena tsitsi la abwenzi ake."
Zikhalidwe zosagwirizana ndi chikhalidwe
M'madera aku Hungary, Galilaya ndi Chiyukireniya a Hididic, akazi okwatiwa nthawi zambiri amameta mitu yawo asanamenye ndi kumeta mwezi uliwonse asanapite ku mikvah. Ku Lithuania, Morocco ndi Romania azimayi sanaphimbe tsitsi lawo. Kuchokera ku Lithuanian kunabwera abambo amakono azachipembedzo, a Rabi Joseph Soloveitchik, yemwe modabwitsa sanalembe malingaliro ake pankhani yophimba tsitsi komanso yemwe mkazi wake sanamuphimbire tsitsi.