Kodi Abuda amatanthauza chiyani ndi "kuwunikiridwa"?

Anthu ambiri adamva kuti Buddha adawunikiridwa ndikuti Abuda amafuna kudziwa. Koma zikutanthauza chiyani? "Kuunikira" ndi liwu la Chingerezi lomwe lingatanthauze zinthu zingapo. Kuma West, Age of Enlightenment anali gulu la nzeru za m'ma 17 ndi m'ma 18 komwe kunalimbikitsa sayansi ndi kulingalira zongopeka ndi zikhulupiriro zabodza, kotero mu chikhalidwe cha Azungu nthawi zambiri kumalumikizidwa ndi luntha komanso kudziwa. Koma kuwunikiridwa kwa Buddha ndichinthu chinanso.

Kuwala ndi Satori
Kuphatikiza chisokonezo, "kuwunikiridwa" kwagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kumasulira kwa mawu angapo aku Asia omwe samatanthawuza zofanana. Mwachitsanzo, zaka makumi angapo zapitazo, Achi Buddha achi Chingerezi adadziwitsidwa ku Buddha kudzera pakulemba kwa DT Suzuki (1870-1966), wophunzira waku Japan yemwe adakhala kwa nthawi yayitali monga wamonke wa Zen Rinzai. Suzuki adagwiritsa ntchito "kuwunikira" kutanthauzira liwu lachijapani satori, lochokera ku mneni satoru, "kudziwa".

Kutanthauzira kumeneku sikunali kopanda zifukwa. Koma pakugwiritsa ntchito, satori nthawi zambiri amatanthauza chidziwitso chomvetsetsa zenizeni zenizeni. Zimafaniziridwa ndi zomwe zachitika potsegula chitseko, koma kutsegula chitseko kumatanthauza kudzipatula ku zomwe zili mkati mwa khomo. Mwapadera chifukwa champhamvu cha Suzuki, lingaliro lakuwunikiridwa auzimu ngati chodzidzimutsa, chamaso komanso chosinthika chidaphatikizidwa muchikhalidwe cha Azungu. Komabe, izi ndizolakwika.

Ngakhale Suzuki ndi ena mwa aphunzitsi oyamba a Zen ku West afotokozera kuunikira ngati chochitika chomwe chingakhalepo nthawi zina, aphunzitsi ambiri a Zen ndi zolemba za Zen amakuwuzani kuti kuunikira sikungophunzirapo kanthu mkhalidwe wokhazikika: chikhomo khomo. Ngakhale satori siziwunikiritsa yokha. Mwanjira imeneyi, Zen ikugwirizana ndi kuwunikira komwe kumawoneka m'nthambi zina za Buddha.

Kuunikira ndi Bodhi (Theravada)
Bodhi, liwu la Sanskrit ndi pandani lotanthauza "kudzutsa", nthawi zambiri limamasuliridwa kuti "kuwunikira".

Mu Theravada Buddhism, bodhi imagwirizanitsidwa ndi ungwiro wa lingaliro la Zambiri Zinayi Zachidziwitso, zomwe zidathetsa dukkha (kuvutika, kupsinjika, kusakhutira). Munthu yemwe wakwaniritsa lingaliro ili ndikusiya zodetsa zonse ndi fungo, yemwe wamasulidwa kuzungulira kwa samsara kapena kubadwanso kosatha. Ali moyo, amalowa munthawi yokhala nirvana ndipo, akamwalira, amasangalala ndi mtendere wa nirvana wathunthu ndikuthawa kuzungulira kubadwanso.

Mu Atthinukhopariyaayo Sutta wa Pali Tipitaka (Samyutta Nikaya 35,152), Buddha adati:

"Chifukwa chake, amonke, ichi ndiye chitsimikiziro malinga ndi momwe wamonke, kupatula chikhulupiriro, kupatula kukopa, kupatula kutengera, kopanda kungonena kopanda nzeru, kupatula kusangalala ndi malingaliro ndi malingaliro. za kuwunikira: 'Kubadwa kwawonongedwa, moyo wopatulika wakwaniritsidwa, zomwe zimayenera kuchitidwa zachitika, palibenso moyo padziko lapansi. "
Kuunikira ndi Bodhi (Mahayana)
Ku Mahayana Buddhism, bodhi imalumikizidwa ndi ungwiro wa nzeru, kapena sunyata. Ichi ndiye chiphunzitso kuti zinthu zonse sizimadziwona zokha.

Ambiri aife timazindikira zinthu ndi zolengedwa zomwe zimatizungulira ndizopatula komanso zosatha. Koma masomphenyawa ndi owerengera. M'malo mwake, dziko lodziwikirali ndi chosinthika chosinthika cha zoyambitsa ndi mikhalidwe kapena magwero odalira. Zinthu ndi zolengedwa, zopanda kudzipanga zokha, sizowona kapena zosakhala zenizeni: chiphunzitso cha zoonadi ziwirizi. Kuzindikira kwakuya kwa sunyata kumatha kusungunula zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tisakhale achimwemwe. Njira ziwiri zophatikizira tokha pakati pa ena ndi ena zimapereka lingaliro losasintha momwe zinthu zonse zimayenderana.

Ku Mahayana Buddhism, lingaliro la machitidwe ndi la bodhisattva, wowunikiridwa kukhala yemwe amakhalabe mu phen phenal kuti abweretse zonse kuti ziwunikidwe. Ubwino wa bodhisattva woposa kudzipereka; chikuwonetsa chowonadi chakuti palibe aliyense wa ife wopatukana. "Kuwala kwamunthu payekha" ndi oxymoron.

Kuwala ku Vajrayana
Nthambi ya Mahayana Buddhism, masukulu ovuta a Vajrayana Buddhism, amakhulupirira kuti kuunikiridwa kumatha kubwera nthawi imodzi yokha pakusintha. Izi zikugwirizana ndi chikhulupiliro cha Vajrayana kuti zokonda ndi zolepheretsa zosiyanasiyana m'moyo, mmalo mokhala zopinga, zitha kukhala mafuta osinthika kukhala kuwunikira komwe kumatha kuchitika mu kamphindi kamodzi, kapena osachepera m'moyo uno. Chinsinsi cha mchitidwewu ndikukhulupirira zakuya zaku Buddha, ungwiro wathu wamkati womwe umangodikirira kuti tidziwe. Chikhulupiriro ichi mu kuthekera kwofika pakuwunikiridwa nthawi yomweyo sizofanana ndi zochitika za Sartori. Kwa a Buddha a Vajrayana, kuwunikira sikungoyang'ana pakhomo koma dziko lokhalitsa.

Kuwala ndi chikhalidwe cha Buddha
Malinga ndi nthano, pamene Buddha adakwanitsa kuwunikira, adanenapo kanthu pogwiritsa ntchito "Sizodabwitsa! Anthu onse awunikiridwa kale! " Boma ili ndi lomwe limadziwika kuti Buddha Nature, lomwe limapanga gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakuchita za Buddha m'masukulu ena. Ku Mahayana Buddhism, chikhalidwe cha Buddha ndicho Buddha chodabwitsa cha zolengedwa zonse. Popeza zolengedwa zonse ndi Abuda kale, ntchitoyi sikuti ndikupeza chidziwitso koma kuti mukwaniritse.

Bwana wa ku China Huineng (638-713), Patriarch wachisanu ndi chimodzi wa Ch'an (Zen), anayerekezera Buddha ndi mwezi womwe mitambo ndi mitambo. Mitambo ikuyimira umbuli ndi kuipitsidwa. Izi zikagwetsedwa, mwezi, ulipo, ukuwululidwa.

Zokumana nazo zamavuto
Nanga bwanji za zochitika zamwadzidzidzi, zosangalatsa komanso zosintha? Muyenera kuti mwakhalapo ndi nthawi izi ndipo munamva kuti muli mu zauzimu. Zochitika zofananira, ngakhale ndizosangalatsa komanso nthawi zina zimatsatana ndi lingaliro lenileni, sizimadziwikitsa zokha. Kwa akatswiri ambiri, zomwe zauzimu zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi zomwe amaphunzira mu njira ya Eightfold kupeza sizingasinthe. Kusaka kwa malo osangalatsa mu mtunduwo kumatha kukhala mtundu wa chikhumbo ndi kudziphatika, ndipo njira yakuunikira ndikugonjera mwa kukakamira ndi kukhumba.

Mphunzitsi wa Zen Barry Magid adanena za Master Hakuin, mu "Palibe Chobisika":

"Kuyeserera kwa sataku kwa Hakuin pamapeto pake kumatanthauza kusiya kudandaula za momwe alili komanso kudzipereka kwake ndikudzipereka kuti athandize ena. Pambuyo pake, pamapeto pake adazindikira kuti kuunikiridwa koona ndi nkhani yopanda malire komanso kugwira ntchito kwachifundo, osati chinthu chomwe chimachitika kamodzi kokha mwanjira yayikulu pamapilo. "
Mbuyayo ndi wamonke Shunryu Suzuki (1904-1971) anena za kuwunikaku:

"Ndi chinsinsi cha mtundu wa anthu omwe sadziwa zambiri, kuwunikiridwa ndi zina zabwino. Koma akafika, palibe. Koma sichinthu. Kodi mukumvetsetsa? Kwa mayi wokhala ndi ana, kukhala ndi ana sichinthu chapadera. Izi ndi zazen. Chifukwa chake ngati mupitiliza izi, mupeza zochulukira - sizinthu zapadera, komabe zina. Mutha kunena "chilengedwe chonse" kapena "chikhalidwe cha Buddha" kapena "kuwunikiridwa". Mutha kuzitcha mayina ambiri, koma kwa mwini wakeyo, si kanthu ndipo ndi kanthu. ”
Zomwe zili nthano komanso zolemba zimawonetsa kuti akatswiri oyenerera komanso ophunzitsidwa bwino amatha kukhala ochulukirapo, ngakhale mphamvu zauzimu, zamphamvu. Komabe, maluso awa si umboni wakuwunikiridwa, ndipo siwofunikira mwanjira ina. Apanso, tikuchenjezedwa kuti tisathamangitse maluso amtunduwu ndi chiopsezo chosokoneza chala chikaloza ku mwezi kwa mwezi womwe.

Ngati mukuganiza ngati mwawunikira, ndiye kuti sichoncho. Njira yokhayo yoyesera lingaliro lanu ndikulipereka kwa mphunzitsi wa dharma. Musakhumudwe ngati zotsatira zanu zikugwera moyang'aniridwa ndi aphunzitsi. Kuyambitsa zabodza ndikulakwitsa ndi gawo lofunikira pa ulendowu, ndipo ngati mukufika pakuwunikiridwa, zidzamangidwa pamaziko olimba ndipo simudzakhala ndi zolakwa.