Kodi a Puranas mu chihindu ndi chiyani?

A Puranas ndi zolembedwa zakale za Chihindu zomwe zimatamanda milungu yosiyanasiyana ya milungu yachihindu kudzera nkhani za Mulungu. Malembo angapo omwe amadziwika ndi dzina la Purana amatha kulembedwa mu kalasi yomweyo "Itihasas" kapena Nkhani - a Ramayana ndi Mahabharata, ndipo akukhulupirira kuti adachokera ku chipembedzo chimodzi chomwechi chomwe ndi zinthu zabwino kwambiri zomwe zimachitika pa nthano ya nthano -ogwirizana ndi chikhulupiriro chachihindu.

Chiyambi cha puranas
Ngakhale a Puranas amagawana zina mwazomwe zimachitika kwambiri, zimakhala za nthawi ina ndipo "zimawonetsedwa komanso kulumikizidwa koyerekeza zopeka ndi miyambo yakale". Horace Hayman Wilson, amene adamasulira Puranas m'Chingerezi mu 1840, adatinso "amapereka malingaliro apadera ofotokozeredwa amakono, mu kufunikira kofunikira komwe amapatsa milungu, m'mitundu mitundu ... pamiyambo yomwe amapatsidwa kwa iwo komanso popanga za nthano zatsopano zomwe zikusonyeza mphamvu ndi chisomo cha milungu imeneyo ... "

Makhalidwe 5 a Puranas
Malinga ndi Swami Sivananda, a Puranas amatha kudziwika ndi "Pancha Lakshana" kapena machitidwe asanu omwe ali nawo: mbiri; cosmology, nthawi zambiri yokhala ndi zithunzi zingapo zofanizira za mfundo za filosofi; chilengedwe chachiwiri; mndandanda wa mafumu; ndi "Manvantara" kapena nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Manu wopangidwa ndi zaka zakumwamba 71 za Yugas kapena zaka 306,72 miliyoni. Ma Puranas onse ali m'gulu la "Suhrit-Samhitas", kapena mgwirizano wochezeka, womwe umasiyana kwambiri ndi ma Vedas, omwe amatchedwa "Prabhu-Samhitas" kapena mapangano akuluakulu.

Cholinga cha Puranas
Ma puranas ali ndi tanthauzo la Vedas ndipo adalembedwa kuti afalitse malingaliro omwe ali mu Vedas. Sanapangidwe kuti akhale ophunzira, koma kwa anthu wamba omwe samatha kuzindikira nzeru zapamwamba za a Vedas. Cholinga cha a Puranas ndikuwonetsa chidwi cha ziphunzitso za Vedas m'maganizo a anthu opanga maulamuliro ndi kudzipangitsa kuti azikhala odzipereka kwa Mulungu, kudzera pazitsanzo zenizeni, nthano, nthano, nthano, moyo wa oyera mtima, mafumu ndi akulu, zonena komanso zochitika zakale kwambiri . Oyera akale adagwiritsa ntchito zithunzizi kufotokoza fanizo lamuyaya la zikhulupiriro zomwe zidayamba kudziwika kuti Hindu. A Puranas adathandizira ansembe kupereka zokamba zachipembedzo akachisi ndi m'mphepete mwa mitsinje yopatulika, ndipo anthu ankakonda kumvera nkhani izi. Malembawa samangokhala ndi chidziwitso cha mitundu yonse, komanso amasangalatsidwa kwambiri kuti awerenge. Mwanjira imeneyi,

Fomu ndi wolemba Puranas
Ma puranas amalembedwa makamaka mu mawonekedwe a zokambirana momwe wolemba wina amafotokozera nkhani ina poyankha mafunso a wina. Wofalitsa wamkulu wa a Puranas ndi Romaharshana, wophunzira wa Vyasa, yemwe ntchito yake yayikulu ndikufotokozera zomwe waphunzira kuchokera kwa namkungwi wake, monga momwe adazimva kuchokera kumaphunziro ena. Vyasa pano siziyenera kusokonezedwa ndi nkhani yotchuka ya Veda Vyasa, koma mutu wophatikiza, womwe ambiri mu Puranas ndi Krishna Dwaipayana, mwana wa wamkulu sage Parasara ndi mphunzitsi wa a Vedas.

18 Makulu oyamwa a XNUMX
Pali ma puranas of 18 ndikubwera kwa Puranas othandizira kapena Upa-Puranas ndi ambiri 'sthala' kapena Puranas. Mwa zolembedwa zazikulu 18, zisanu ndi chimodzi ndi Sattvic Purana yemwe amalemekeza Vishnu; asanu ndi mmodzi ndi a Rajasic ndipo alemekeze Brahma; ndipo zisanu ndi chimodzi ndi zamasewera ndikulemekeza Shiva. Amawonetsedwa m'magulu awiri mndandanda wa Puranas:

Vishnu Purana
Naradiya Purana
Bhagavat Purana
Garuda Purana
Padma Purana
Brahma Purana
Waraha Purana
Brahmanda Purana
Brahma Vaivarta Purana
Markandeya Purana
Bhavishya Purana
Vamana Purana
Matsya Purana
Kurma Purana
Linga Purana
Shiva Purana
Skanda Purana
Agni Purana
Puranas wotchuka kwambiri
Woyamba mwa Puranas ambiri ndi Srimad Bhagavata Purana ndi Vishnu Purana. Potchuka, amatsatira zomwezo. Gawo lina la Markandeya Purana lodziwika bwino kwa Ahindu onse monga Chandi kapena Devimahatmya. Kulambira kwa Mulungu monga Amayi Awo Mulungu ndi mutu wawo. Chandi amawerengedwa kwambiri ndi Ahindu m'masiku opatulika komanso m'masiku a Navaratri (Durga Puja).

Zambiri za Shiva Purana ndi Vishnu Purana
Ku Shiva Purana, mwachidziwikire, Shiva amayamikiridwa ndi Vishnu, yemwe nthawi zina amawonetsedwa pamtambo wotsika. Ku Vishnu Purana, zomwe zikuwoneka zimachitika: Vishnu amalemekezedwa kwambiri ndi Shiva, yemwe nthawi zambiri amakhala wolowa pansi. Ngakhale pali kusiyana pakati pa maPranas awa, Shiva ndi Vishnu amakhulupirira kuti ndi amodzi ndipo ali gawo la Utatu wa the Hony theogony. Monga Wilson akunenera: "Shiva ndi Vishnu, mwanjira zosiyanasiyana, ndi zinthu zokhazokha zomwe zimanena kuti Ahindu amapembedza kwambiri mu Puranas; Amachoka pamachitidwe achikhalidwe komanso oyamba a Vedas ndikuwonetsa kukondera komanso kudzipatula ... Sali olamuliranso pazachikhulupiriro chonse cha Chihindu chonse: ndiwowongolera mwapadera nthambi zina zosakanikirana, zopangidwira cholinga chodziwitsira kukondera, kapena nthawi zina mmodzi yekhayo,

Kutengera ndi zomwe Sri Swami Sivananda