Kudzipereka ku Utatu: mphatso zisanu ndi ziwiri za Mzimu Woyera

Ndizovuta kutchula chiphunzitso china chachikatolika ngati chakale chopatulika monga mphatso zisanu ndi ziwiri za Mzimu Woyera zomwe zimanyalanyazidwa motere. Monga Akatolika ambiri obadwa cha m'ma 1950, ndidaphunzira mayina awo pamtima: "WIS -Dom, un -clothing, coun -el, forte -itude, know -ledge, -ety pie, ndi mantha! Za Ambuye ”Komabe, mwatsoka, onse anali anzanga omwe timaphunzira nawo ndipo tidaphunzira, mwamwambo, zamphamvu zodabwitsa izi zomwe zimayenera kutigwera tikatsimikiza. Tsiku Lotsimikiza litangodutsa, tidakhumudwa kuti sitinakhale odziwa zonse, odziwa zonse, osagonjetseka a Christi (asitikali a Khristu) omwe katekisisi wathu wakale wa Vatican II adalonjeza.

Vutolo
Chodabwitsa ndichakuti, katekisisi wa ku Vatican II pambuyo pake watsimikizira kuti sangakwanitse kuphunzitsa Achikatolika achichepere chidwi cha mphatso zisanu ndi ziwirizi. Njira yomwe idalipo kale inali ndi mwayi wopezera chiyembekezo chodzipha chamfayo mmanja mwa osakhulupirira Mulungu. Koma tsoka, maphunziro achifwamba oterowo adatuluka pazenera pambuyo pa Khonsolo. Koma malipoti angapo pazaka makumi angapo zapitazi zakuchepa kwa chidwi pakati pa ma confirmands atsopano akuwonetsa kuti zosinthazo sizikhala ndi zotsatirapo zake. Osati kuti kunalibe nsikidzi m'makina achikatolika a pre-Vatican II - analipo ambiri - koma zotengera zapamwamba sizinayambe kuzithetsa.

Nkhani yaposachedwa mu Theological Study yolembedwa ndi Reverend Charles E. Bouchard, OP, Purezidenti wa Aquinas Institute of Theology ku St. Louis, Missouri ("Retrieving the Gifts of the Holy Spirit in Moral Theology," September 2002), ikusonyeza zofooka zapadera mu katekisisi wachikatolika wachikhalidwe pa mphatso zisanu ndi ziwirizi:

Kunyalanyaza kulumikizana kwapafupi pakati pa mphatso zisanu ndi ziwirizo ndi makadinala ndi zabwino zaumulungu (chikhulupiriro, chiyembekezo, chikondi / chikondi, nzeru, chilungamo, kulimba mtima / kulimba mtima ndi kudziletsa), zomwe a St. Thomas Aquinas iyemwini adatsindika pochita nkhaniyo
Chizoloŵezi chopereka mphatso zisanu ndi ziwirizo kudziko la esoteric lodzikweza / lachilengedwe mwauzimu m'malo mochita zadziko lapansi, zamulungu, zomwe Aquinas adawonetsa zinali gawo lawo loyenera
Mtundu wa zauzimu wosakhazikika womwe chiphunzitso chakuzama kwambiri cha zamaphunziro zimasungidwa kwa ansembe ndi achipembedzo, omwe, mwina, mosiyana ndi anthu osaphunzira, anali ndi kuphunzira kofunikira ndi uzimu kuti ayamikire ndikuyigwiritsa ntchito
Kunyalanyaza maziko a m'Malemba a zaumulungu za mphatso, makamaka Yesaya 11, pomwe mphatsozo zidazindikirika ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito mwaulosi kwa Khristu
Katekisimu wa Katolika wa 1992 anali atalankhula kale zina mwa izi (monga kufunikira kwa maubwino ndi ubale pakati pa mphatso ndi "moyo wamakhalidwe abwino") koma amapewa kutanthauzira mphatso zake kapena kuzichitira zonse - a ndime zisanu ndi chimodzi zokha (1285-1287, 1830-1831 ndi 1845), poyerekeza ndi makumi anayi pazabwino (1803-1829, 1832-1844). Mwina ichi ndichifukwa chake mabuku a katekisimu awonekera pambuyo pa Katekisimu watsopano kuti apereke matanthauzidwe osokoneza a mphatso. Kutanthauzira uku kumakhala kopanda tanthauzo pakumasulira kwamatanthauzidwe achikhalidwe kapena matanthauzidwe athunthu otengera zomwe wolemba kapena malingaliro ake adachita. Potengera izi, ndikofunikira kuunikanso momwe Mpingo umafotokozera mphatso zisanu ndi ziwirizi.

Mafotokozedwe achikhalidwe
Malinga ndi mwambo wachikatolika, mphatso zisanu ndi ziwirizo za Mzimu Woyera ndi machitidwe aukadaulo omwe ali ndi Yesu Khristu mokwanira, koma omwe amagawana nawo momasuka ndi mamembala ake (kutanthauza mpingo wake). Makhalidwewa amaphatikizidwa mwa mkhristu aliyense ngati chida champhamvu kuubatizo wake, cholimbikitsidwa ndi machitidwe awa asanu ndi awiri ndipo osindikizidwa mu sakaramenti la chitsimikiziro. Amadziwikanso kuti mphatso zakuyeretsa za Mzimu, chifukwa amapanga cholinga chothandiza kuti omwe akukalandira Mzimu Woyera akhale nawo m'miyoyo yawo, kuwathandiza kukula mu chiyero ndikupanga iwo kukhala oyenera kumwamba.

Chikhalidwe cha mphatso zisanu ndi ziwirizi chakhala chikutsutsana ndi akatswiri azaumulungu kuyambira mkatikati mwa zaka za zana lachiwiri, koma kutanthauzira kofananako ndi komwe St. Thomas Aquinas adalongosola mzaka za m'ma XNUMX mu Summa Theologiae yake:

Nzeru ndizo kudziwa ndi kuweruza pa "zinthu zauzimu" komanso kutha kuweruza ndikuwongolera zinthu za anthu molingana ndi chowonadi chaumulungu (I / I.1.6; I / II.69.3; II / II.8.6; II / II.45.1 -5).
Kumvetsetsa ndiko kulowa kwa intuition mkati mwenimweni mwa zinthu, makamaka zowonadi zapamwamba zomwe ndizofunikira ku chipulumutso chathu chamuyaya - kuthekera koti "tiwone" Mulungu (I / I.12.5; I / II.69.2; II (II. 8,1-3).
Upangiri wamaphunziro umalola kuti munthu azitsogozedwa ndi Mulungu pazinthu zofunika kuti apulumutsidwe (II / II.52.1).
Kutalika kumatanthauza kukhazikika kwamalingaliro pakuchita zabwino ndikupewa zoyipa, makamaka zikavuta kapena zoopsa kutero, ndikulimba mtima kuthana ndi zopinga zonse, ngakhale zakufa, chifukwa chotsimikizika cha moyo wosatha (I / II. 61.3; II / II.123.2; II / II.139.1).
Chidziwitso ndi kuthekera kuweruza molondola pazinthu za chikhulupiriro ndi zoyenera kuchita, kuti tisasochere panjira yolungama (II / II.9.3).
Zovuta, makamaka, kumalemekeza Mulungu ndi malingaliro achikondi, kulipira kupembedza ndi ntchito kwa Mulungu, kupereka ntchito yoyenera kwa anthu onse chifukwa cha ubale wawo ndi Mulungu, komanso kulemekeza malembo opatulika komanso osagwirizana. Mawu achi Latin akuti pietas amatanthauza ulemu womwe timapereka kwa abambo athu komanso dziko lathu; popeza Mulungu ndiye Tate wa onse, kupembedza Mulungu kumatchedwanso kuti wopembedza (I / II.68.4; II / II.121.1).
Kuopa Mulungu, munthawiyi, ndi "mantha" kapena "kudzisunga" komwe timapembedza Mulungu ndikupewa kudzipatula tokha kwa iye - mosiyana ndi "servile" mantha, omwe timawopa chilango (I / II.67.4; II) (II. 19.9).
Mphatso izi, malinga ndi a Thomas Aquinas, ndizo "zizolowezi", "zachibadwa" kapena "malingaliro" operekedwa ndi Mulungu ngati chodabwitsa chomwe chimathandiza munthu mkati mwa "ungwiro" wake. Amathandizira munthu kupitilira malire amalingaliro amunthu ndi umunthu wake ndikukhala nawo pamoyo wa Mulungu, monga Khristu adalonjezera (Yohane 14:23). Aquinas adanenetsa kuti ndizofunikira kuti munthu apulumuke, zomwe sangathe kuzichita yekha. Amathandizira "kukwaniritsa" zabwino zinayi zazikulu kapena zamakhalidwe (kuchenjera, chilungamo, kulimba mtima ndi kudziletsa) ndi zabwino zitatu zaumulungu (chikhulupiriro, chiyembekezo ndi zachifundo). Mphamvu ya zachifundo ndiye fungulo lomwe limatsegula kuthekera kwa mphatso zisanu ndi ziwirizi, zomwe zitha (ndipo) kugona mmoyo pambuyo pobatizidwa, pokhapokha izi zitachitika.

Popeza "chisomo chimamanga pa chilengedwe" (ST I / I.2.3), mphatso zisanu ndi ziwirizi zimagwira ntchito mogwirizana ndi zabwino zisanu ndi ziwiri komanso ndi zipatso khumi ndi ziwiri za Mzimu ndi madalitso asanu ndi atatu. Kupezeka kwa mphatso kumalimbikitsidwa ndikuchita zabwino, zomwe zimakwaniritsidwa chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mphatso. Kugwiritsa ntchito mphatso moyenera, kumatulutsa zipatso za Mzimu m'moyo wa Mkhristu: chikondi, chimwemwe, mtendere, kuleza mtima, chifundo, kukoma mtima, kuwolowa manja, kukhulupirika, chifatso, kudzichepetsa, kudziletsa, ndi kudzisunga (Agalatiya 5: 22-23) ). Cholinga cha mgwirizanowu pakati pa zabwino, mphatso ndi zipatso ndikupeza chisangalalo kasanu ndi katatu chofotokozedwa ndi Khristu mu Ulaliki wa pa Phiri (Mt 5: 3-10).

Arsenal Wauzimu
M'malo mopitiliza njira yokhazikika ya Thomistic kapena njira yofikira pamalingaliro amakono komanso achikhalidwe, ndikupereka njira yachitatu yomvetsetsa mphatso zisanu ndi ziwirizi, zomwe zimaphatikizapo zomwe zidachokera mu Bayibulo.

Malo oyamba komanso okha m'Baibulo lonse momwe makhalidwe asanu ndi awiri apaderawa adatchulidwa pamodzi ndi Yesaya 11: 1-3, mu ulosi wodziwika wokhudza Mesiya:

Nthambi idzaphuka pachitsa cha Jese, ndipo nthambi yotuluka kumizu. Ndipo Mzimu wa Ambuye udzapumula pa iye, mzimu wanzeru ndi womvetsetsa, mzimu wa upangiri ndi mphamvu, mzimu wakudziwa ndi kuopa Ambuye. Ndipo kukondwerera kwake kuopa Yehova.

Pafupifupi aliyense wonena za mphatso zisanu ndi ziwiri mzaka zikwizikwi zapitazi wazindikira kuti gwero ili ndiye gwero la chiphunzitsochi, komabe palibe amene adazindikira kuti mfundo zisanu ndi ziwirizi zidalumikizana ndi miyambo yakale ya "nzeru" zaku Israeli, zomwe zimawonekera m'mabuku akale Chipangano monga Yobu, Miyambo, Mlaliki, Nyimbo ya Nyimbo, Masalmo, Ecclesiastical ndi Wisdom of Solomon, komanso mbali zina za mabuku aulosi, kuphatikizapo Yesaya. Izi zikuwunikira momwe tingagwiritsire ntchito zofunikira pamoyo watsiku ndi tsiku (chuma, chikondi ndiukwati, kulera ana, maubale pakati pa anthu, kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika mphamvu zawo) m'malo mokomera mbiri, ulosi kapena nthano / zofanizira zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi Chipangano Chakale. Sizikutsutsana ndi izi.

Ndi zochokera mdziko lino lantchito zantchito, zanzeru, komanso zamasiku onse, m'malo modzidzimutsa kapena zodabwitsa, pomwe mphatso zisanu ndi ziwirizi zidatulukira, ndipo nkhani ya mu Yesaya 11 imalimbikitsa izi. Balance wa Yesaya akulongosola mwatsatanetsatane kukwiya komwe "mphukira ya Jese" idzakhazikitsira "ufumu wamtendere" padziko lapansi:

Sadzaweruza potengera zomwe maso ake awona, kapena kusankha malinga ndi zomwe makutu ake amva; koma ndi chilungamo adzaweruza aumphawi, nadzachitira chilungamo ofatsa a padziko lapansi; ndipo adzamenya dziko lapansi ndi ndodo ya mkamwa mwake, nadzapha oipa ndi mpweya wa milomo yake. . . . Sizidzaipitsa kapena kuwononga m'phiri langa lonse loyera; pakuti dziko lapansi lidzadzala ndi chidziwitso cha Ambuye monga madzi adzaza nyanja. (Yes. 11: 3-4, 9)

Kukhazikitsa gwero ili kumatanthauza kuganiza, kukonzekera, kugwira ntchito, kulimbana, kulimba mtima, kupirira, kupirira, ndiko kuti, kumadetsa manja anu. Mawonedwe apadziko lapansi pano ndiwopatsa zipatso kuti athe kuwona gawo lomwe mphatso zisanu ndi ziwirizi zimachita pa moyo wa akhristu okhwima (kapena akulu msinkhu).

Pali kusamvana mkati mwa Chikatolika, monga mu Chikhristu chonse, chomwe chimayang'ana kwambiri pambuyo pa moyo ndikusiya - ndi kuwonongeka - kwa dziko lino, ngati kuti kupatukana ndi zinthu zakanthawi ndikungokhala chitsimikizo cha moyo wosatha . Chimodzi mwazokonza zamalingaliro amtunduwu zochokera ku Second Vatican Council chinali kuyambiranso kutsindika kwa Baibulo pa ufumu wa Mulungu ngati chowonadi chokhazikika chomwe sichimangopitilira dongosolo lokhalanso komanso chimasintha (Dei Verbum 17; Lumen Gentium 5; Gaudium et spes 39).

Mphatso zisanu ndi ziwirizi ndizofunikira kwambiri polimbana kuti akhazikitse ufumuwo ndipo, mwanjira ina, ndiopangidwa kuti achite nawo nkhondo yauzimu. Ngati munthu samasamala zodzikonzekeretsa moyenera pankhondo, sayenera kudabwitsidwa ndikupeza kuti alibe chitetezo pakamabwera nkhondo pakhomo pake. Ngati anzanga akusukulu sitinapeze "mphamvu zosamvetsetseka" zomwe timayembekezera, mwina ndi chifukwa chakuti sitinatengepo mbali pomenyera nkhondo kuti tipititse patsogolo ufumu wa Mulungu!

Mphatso zisanu ndi ziwirizo ndi mphatso yomwe Mkhristu aliyense wobatizidwa angadzitamande kuyambira ali mwana. Iwo ndiwo cholowa chathu. Mphatso izi, zoperekedwa m'masakramenti kuti zitithandize kukula kudzera muzochitikira, ndizofunikira kwambiri poyendetsera bwino moyo wachikhristu. Siziwoneka zokha komanso mwadzidzidzi koma pang'onopang'ono zimatuluka ngati chipatso cha moyo wabwino. Komanso samachotsedwa ndi Mzimu pomwe sakufunikiranso, chifukwa amafunikira nthawi zonse bola tikamenya nkhondo yabwino.

Mphatso zisanu ndi ziwirizi zakonzedwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito mdziko lapansi ndi cholinga chosintha dziko la Khristu. Yesaya 11 akufotokoza momveka bwino za mphatso izi - kuchita zomwe munthu akuyitanidwa kuchita munthawi yake ndi malo ake kupititsa patsogolo ufumu wa Mulungu. malo ake ochepa komanso osalingana mu chiwembu cha zinthu (kuopa Ambuye), adalandira udindo wokhala membala wa banja la Mulungu (chifundo) ndipo adapeza chizolowezi chotsatira malangizo a Atate kuti akhale moyo wamulungu (chidziwitso) . Kudziwa Mulungu kumeneku kumapereka mphamvu komanso kulimba mtima kuthana ndi zoyipa zomwe munthu amakumana nazo pamoyo wake (kulimba mtima) komanso chinyengo chosintha njira zake kuti agwirizane - ngakhale kuyembekezera - machenjerero ambiri a Mdani (phungu).

Asitikali a Khristu
Izi makamaka zimalankhulidwa kwa achikatolika achikulire omwe, monga ine, sanaphunzitsidwe mokwanira (makamaka za mphatso zisanu ndi ziwiri). Chifukwa cha mkangano womwe ukupitilira mu Mpingo wonse pazaka zakubadwa zoti alandire sakramenti la chitsimikiziro, kuchepa kwa katekisisi wosakwanira mwina kukupitilizabe kuzunza okhulupirika. Kuperewera kwa kulumikizana kwamgwirizano pakati pa zabwino ndi mphatso zikuwoneka kuti ndizomwe zimayambitsa kulephera kupanga mphatso pakati pazotsimikizika. Katekisimu wofuna kungopeza chidziwitso kapena kungolimbikitsa "machitidwe okoma mtima mwachisawawa" popanda mfundo yolimba yolinganiza sangawononge m'badwo uwu (kapena wina uliwonse) wa achinyamata. Pemphero lokhazikika, zolemba, kusinkhasinkha, kapena zina mwazinthu zodziwika zabodza zamaphunziro azachipembedzo sizingapikisane ndi zokopa za chikhalidwe cha imfa.

Njira yokhazikitsira zida zankhondo zauzimu zomwe zikuyimiridwa ndi mphatso zisanu ndi ziwirizi ziyenera kuponderezedwa mwachangu, ndipo zabwino zisanu ndi ziwirizi zitha kugwira ntchito masiku ano, monga achitira m'mbiri yonse ya Mpingo, ngati malangizo abwino munjira imeneyi. Mwina ndi nthawi yoti tiukitse chithunzi cha makolo obatizidwa ngati "asirikali a Khristu," mawu omwe akhala akunyansidwa ndi zida zachikatolika zaka makumi ambiri. Ngakhale kuti a Vatican II Zeitgeist adatsutsana ndi lingaliro loti "wankhondo" m'zinthu zonse zachipembedzo, malingaliro awa awonetsedwa kuti asokeretsedwa - powunika moona mtima zomwe Lemba Loyera likunena za izi komanso Zochitika mdziko lapansi m'moyo wathu. Mwachitsanzo, kugonjetsedwa kwa Soviet Union sikukadakhala kopanda wankhondo wankhanza wa John Paul II pofunafuna cholinga chovomerezeka. Mphatso zisanu ndi ziwiri za Mzimu Woyera ndizo zida zathu zauzimu zankhondo yauzimu ya tsiku ndi tsiku.