Kuzunguliridwa kolondola mu Buddhism
Masiku ano, njira ya Buddha eyiti ndi gawo la magawo asanu ndi atatu lodziwitsa kuunikiridwa ndikudzimasula ku dukkha (kuvutika). Kukhazikika koyenera ndi gawo lachisanu ndi chitatu la njirayo. Zimafunikira akatswiri kuti azitsatira malingaliro awo pazinthu zakuthupi kapena zamaganizidwe ndikuchita Four Absorptions, yotchedwanso Four Dhyana (Sanskrit) kapena Four Jhanas (Pali).
Tanthauzo la kuyika koyenera mu Buddhism
Mawu achi Pali omwe atanthauziridwa mchingerezi ngati "concentration" ndi samadhi. Muzu mawu a samadhi, sam-a-dha, amatanthauza "kusonkhanitsa".
Malemu a John Daido Loori Roshi, mphunzitsi wa Soto Zen, adati: "Samadhi ndimalo ozindikira omwe amapitilira pakudzuka, kulota kapena kugona tulo tofa nato. Ndikuchepetsa mphamvu zamaganizidwe athu kudzera mu mfundo imodzi ”. Samadhi ndi mtundu wina wa ndende imodzi; kuyang'ana, mwachitsanzo, pakulakalaka kubwezera, kapena ngakhale pachakudya chokoma, si samadhi. M'malo mwake, malinga ndi Noble Eightfold Path ya Bhikkhu Bodhi, "Samadhi ndimakhalidwe abwino, osungika m'maganizo. Ngakhale pamenepo magwiridwe antchito ake ndiocheperako: sizitanthauza mtundu uliwonse wazabwino, koma kuzindikiridwa kokha komwe kumabwera chifukwa chakuyesa mwadala kukweza malingaliro kukhala ozindikira kwambiri. "
Mbali zina ziwiri za njirayo - Khama Loyenera ndi Kulingalira Kwabwino - zimagwirizananso ndi kulangizidwa kwamisala. Amawoneka ofanana ndi Kuzindikira Kwabwino, koma zolinga zawo ndizosiyana. Khama loyenerera limatanthawuza kulima zabwino ndi kuyeretsa pazoyipa, pomwe Kulingalira Kwabwino kumatanthauza kupezeka kwathunthu ndikudziwa thupi lanu, malingaliro anu, malingaliro anu ndi malo omwe mumakhala.
Mlingo wamaganizidwe amatchedwa dhyanas (Sanskrit) kapena jhanas (Pali). Kumayambiriro kwa Chibuda, panali ma dhina anayi, ngakhale masukulu pambuyo pake adawakulitsa kukhala asanu ndi anayi ndipo nthawi zina enanso angapo. Madera anayi a Dhyanas alembedwa pansipa.
The Four Dhyanas (kapena Jhanas)
Ma dhina anayi, jana kapena mayimidwe ndi njira zodziwira nzeru za ziphunzitso za Buddha. Makamaka, kudzera mu kulingalira koyenera, titha kumasulidwa ku chinyengo cha ife tokha.
Kuti mukhale ndi dhyana, munthu ayenera kuthana ndi zopinga zisanu: chilakolako chamthupi, njiru, ulesi ndi kufooka, kusakhazikika komanso kuda nkhawa komanso kukayika. Malinga ndi monki wachi Buddha, Henepola Gunaratana, zopinga zonsezi amathana nazo mwanjira yapadera: kulingalira mwanzeru za kukoma mtima kumathetsa mkwiyo; kulingalira mwanzeru pazinthu zoyeserera, khama ndi kudzipereka zimatsutsana ndi ulesi ndi ulesi; kulingalira mwanzeru za bata la malingaliro kumachotsa kupumula ndi kuda nkhawa; ndipo kulingalira mwanzeru zenizeni zenizeni za zinthu kumachotsa kukayika. "
Mu dhaya yoyambirira, zilako-lako zosayenera, zikhumbo ndi malingaliro zimamasulidwa. Munthu yemwe amakhala mu dhyana loyamba amakhala ndi chisangalalo komanso amakhala ndi moyo wabwino.
Mu dhyana yachiwiri, ntchito zanzeru zimazimiririka ndikusinthidwa ndikukhazikika ndi malingaliro. Kukwatulidwa ndikukhala ndi moyo wabwino wa dhyana yoyamba kulipobe.
Mu dhyana yachitatu, mkwatulo umatha ndipo umasinthidwa ndi kufanana (upekkha) ndikumveka bwino.
Mu dhyana yachinayi, kutengeka konse kumatha ndipo kumangokhala kufanana komwe kumatsalira.
M'masukulu ena achi Buddha, dhyana yachinayi imafotokozedwa ngati chidziwitso changwiro popanda "chidziwitso". Kupyolera muzochitikira izi, munthu payekha komanso wopatukana amadziwika kuti ndi wachinyengo.
Maiko anayi osagwira
Ku Theravada ndi masukulu ena achi Buddha, a Dhyanas anayi atabwera zigawo zinayi zopanda ntchito. Mchitidwewu umamveka ngati wopitilira kulangidwa m'malingaliro ndi kukonza zinthu zomwe ziyenera kuzikika zokha. Cholinga cha mchitidwewu ndikuchotsa zowonera ndi zinthu zina zomwe zingatsalira pambuyo pa dhyanas.
M'magawo anayi opanda mphamvu, chimodzi chimayeretsa malo opanda malire, kenako kuzindikira kwakachidziwikire, kenako zinthu zopanda pake, osazindikira kapena kusazindikira. Ntchito pamlingo uwu ndizochenjera kwambiri ndipo ndizotheka kwa akatswiri odziwa zambiri.
Pangani ndi kuyeseza kutsata koyenera
Masukulu osiyanasiyana achi Buddha apanga njira zingapo zokulitsira chidwi. Kusakanikirana koyenera nthawi zambiri kumalumikizidwa ndi kusinkhasinkha. Mu Sanskrit ndi Pali, mawu oti kusinkhasinkha ndi bhavana, kutanthauza "chikhalidwe chamaganizidwe". Bhavana wachi Buddha sachita zosangalatsa, komanso sikungokhala ndi masomphenya akunja kapena zokumana nazo. Kwenikweni, bhavana ndi njira yokonzekeretsa malingaliro kuti azindikire kuwunikiridwa.
Kuti akwaniritse bwino, akatswiri ambiri ayamba ndikupanga malo oyenera. M'dziko labwino, mchitidwewu udzachitikira kunyumba ya amonke; ngati sichoncho, ndikofunikira kusankha malo abata opanda zosokoneza. Kumeneko, adokotala amakhala omasuka koma owongoka (nthawi zambiri pamiyendo yamiyendo yamiyendo) ndipo amayang'ana kwambiri liwu (mawu) lomwe limatha kubwerezedwa kangapo, kapena pachinthu monga chifanizo cha Buddha.
Kusinkhasinkha kumangophatikizira kupuma mwachilengedwe ndikuyang'ana malingaliro pazinthu zosankhidwa kapena mawu. Maganizo akamayendayenda, dotoloyo "amazindikira mwachangu, amaigwira, ndipo modekha koma mwamphamvu amabwezeretsa ku chinthucho, ndikubwereza nthawi zonse momwe zingafunikire."
Ngakhale mchitidwewu ukhoza kuwoneka wosavuta (ndipo ndi), ndizovuta kwambiri kwa anthu ambiri chifukwa malingaliro ndi zithunzi zimakhalapo nthawi zonse. Pofuna kukwaniritsa cholinga choyenera, akatswiri angafunikire kugwira ntchito kwazaka zambiri mothandizidwa ndi mphunzitsi woyenerera kuthana ndi chikhumbo, mkwiyo, kukwiya kapena kukayikira.