Ziphunzitso za Buddha za kudzikonda komanso zosakonda
Paziphunzitso zonse za Buddha, zomwe zamunthu ndi zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuzimvetsetsa, komabe ndizofunikira pakukhulupirira zauzimu. Zowonadi, "kuzindikira bwino lomwe umunthu wake" ndi njira yofotokozera zinthu.
A asanu Skandha
Buddha adaphunzitsa kuti munthu amaphatikiza mitundu isanu ya kuphatikizika, yotchedwa Skandhas isanu kapena milu isanu:
Modulo
Sensazione
likukula
Maganizo a m'maganizo
Kuzindikira
Masukulu osiyanasiyana achi Buddha amatanthauzira ma skandhas m'njira zosiyana pang'ono. Nthawi zambiri, skandha yoyamba ndi mawonekedwe athupi. Lachiwirili limakhala ndi zomwe timamva - zathupi komanso zathupi - komanso mphamvu zathu - kuwona, kumva, kulawa, kukhudza, kununkhiza.
Skandha yachitatu, kuzindikira, kumakhala ndi zambiri zomwe timazitcha kuti kuganiza: kuzindikira, kuzindikira, kulingalira. Izi zimaphatikizanso kuzindikira komwe kumachitika ngati chiwalo chikakumana ndi chinthu. Kuzindikira kumatha kuganiziridwa ngati "zomwe zimazindikiritsa". Chomwe chakazindikirachi chimatha kukhala chinthu chakuthupi kapena chamalingaliro, ngati lingaliro.
Skandha wachinayi, mawonekedwe a malingaliro, amaphatikiza zizolowezi, malingaliro atsankho komanso kudziwiratu. Chifuniro chathu kapena gawo lathu lili gawo la skandha wachinayi, komanso chisamaliro, chikhulupiriro, chikumbumtima, kunyada, kukhumba kubwezera, ndi malingaliro ena ambiri abwino komanso osayera mtima. Zomwe zimayambitsa komanso zotsatira za karma ndizofunikira makamaka pa skandha yachinayi.
Skandha yachisanu, chikumbumtima, kuzindikira kapena kuzindikira chidwi cha chinthu, koma popanda malingaliro. Pakakhala kuzindikira, skandha wachitatu amatha kuzindikira kuti chinthucho ndi chinthu chamtengo wapatali, ndipo skandha wachinayi amatha kuchita chidwi ndi kukwiya kapena kuphunzitsidwa kwina. Skandha wachisanu amafotokozeredwa m'masukulu ena ngati maziko omwe amalumikizitsa zokumana nazo pamoyo.
Kudzilamulira si Kudzikonda
Chofunikira kwambiri kumvetsetsa za ma skandhas ndikuti alibe kanthu. Sichikhalidwe chomwe munthu amakhala nacho chifukwa palibe amene ali nacho. Chiphunzitso ichi chaosati chomwe chimatchedwa anatman kapena anatta.
Mwakutero, Buddha adaphunzitsa kuti "inu" siwogwirizana komanso wodziyimira pawokha. Munthu payekha, kapena zomwe tikhoza kutcha kuti ego, zimaganiziridwa molondola ngati chipatso cha zonyansa.
Pamwamba, izi zikuwoneka kuti ndi chiphunzitso chachiyuda. Koma Buddha adaphunzitsa kuti ngati titha kuwona kudzera m'manyengedwe aanthu omwe, timakumana ndi zomwe siziyenera kubadwa ndi kufa.
Malingaliro awiri
Kuphatikiza pa izi, Theravada Buddhism ndi Mahayana Buddhism amasiyana m'masiyana momwe momwe anatman amamvetsetseka. Zachidziwikire, koposa china chilichonse, ndikumvetsetsa kosiyanasiyana komwe kumatanthauzira ndikulekanitsa masukulu awiriwo.
Kwenikweni, Theravada amakhulupirira kuti wopanga amatanthauza kuti mphamvu kapena umunthu wa munthu ndi cholepheretsa ndi chinyengo. Akamasulidwa ku chinyengo ichi, akhoza kusangalala ndi chisangalalo cha Nirvana.
Mahayana, mbali inayo, amawona mitundu yonse yathupi popanda kuzikika, chiphunzitso chotchedwa shunyata, chomwe chimatanthawuza "chopanda kanthu". Chofunikira ku Mahayana ndikukulola kuti zolengedwa zonse ziunikiridwe pamodzi, osati chifukwa chongomvera chisoni, koma chifukwa sitili osiyana ndi odziyang'anira.