Ulusi wofiyira wa Chiyuda

Ngati mudapitako ku Israeli kapena kuwona wokondedwa wotchuka wa Kabbalah, mwayi ndiwowona waya wofiira kapena chibangiri chotchuka cha kabbalah. Chingwe chozungulira chozungulira kapena chomangika mozungulira dzanja, chokongoletsedwa ndi ma penteni kapena chodziwikiratu, chingwe chofiira chimakhala ndi mfundo zambiri za chiyambi ndi matanthawuzo osamveka.

Mtundu
Tanthauzo la mtundu wofiira (adom) umakhudzana ndi moyo komanso mphamvu, chifukwa izi ndi mitundu yamagazi. Liwu Lachihebri la magazi ndi damu, lomwe limachokera ku muzu womwewo ndi liwu la munthu, Adamu ndi dziko lapansi, lomwe ndi adamah. Chifukwa chake magazi ndi moyo ndizogwirizana.

Pali kusiyana pakati pa mtundu wofiyira (adom) ndi mthunzi wamtundu wotchedwa shani. Malangizo onyansa omwe adagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi ya Torah adapangidwa ndi nyongolotsi wam'mapiri omwe adadzadza mitengo yamayiko akum'mawa a Mediterranean monga Israel (Tosefta Menachot 9:16). Mu Torah, kachilombo kameneka amatchedwa tola'at shani, kapena "crimson worm".

Rashi adalumikiza "nyongolotsi" ndi nyengo zosawerengeka zakulapa ndi mtundu wofiira mu Torah, kuwonetsa kukweza kwa china chake chofewa chomwe chidakwawa padziko lapansi pa ndege yayikulu kudzera pakulapa.

The Torah
Pali zinthu zingapo zosiyana mu Torah pakati pa mthunzi wa ofiira wotchedwa shani.

Zina mwa kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yonse:

Mawonekedwe a Esau pomwe adabadwa (Genesis 25:25)
Dothi lophika la Yakobo (Genesis 25:30)
Maso a Yehudah (Genesis 49:12)
Ng'ombe / ng'ombe yofiyira (Numeri 19: 2)
Maso a woledzera (Miyambo 23:29)
Vinyo (Miyambo 23:31)
Magazi (2 Mafumu 3:22)
Akavalo (Zakariya 1: 8)
Kukhetsa Magazi (Zekariya 6: 2)

Zina mwa kapangidwe ka shani wachikuda posonyeza utoto kapena ulusi wachikuda:

Chingwe cholumikizidwa m'chiuno cha Zera pomubala, kuonetsetsa kuti ukulu wake (Genesis 38: 28-30)
Chingwecho chidakhumudwitsidwa ndi zenera la Rahabu, lomwe limateteza iye ndi banja lake kuti asaphedwe ndi Aisraeli ogonja (Yoswa 2:18, 6:25)
Zovala zomwe olemera komanso olemekezeka (2 Sam. 1: 24 ndi Miyambo 31: 21) komanso ndi mkulu wa ansembe wa pa Kachisi (2 Mbiri 2: 7, 14 ndi 3:14)
Kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamankhwala a Mishkan ndipo pambuyo pake mu Kachisi wa Yerusalemu (Ekisodo 25: 4, 26: 1, 31, 36 ndi 28: 5, 6, 8, 15)
Kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyeretsa miyambo (Levitiko 14: 4, 6, 51 ndi Numeri 19: 6)
The Talmud
Malinga ndi Talmud, chingwe chofiira chija chinagwiritsidwa ntchito pamiyambo ya Yom Kippur yopanga chipululu. Pa mwambowu, mkulu wa ansembe adayika manja ake pa scapegoat, anaulula machimo a Israeli ndikupempha kuti awomboledwe. Akamanganso chingwe chofiira pakati pa nyanga za scapegoat ndi chidutswa china pakhosi la mbuzi yachiwiri posonyeza kuti ikaphedwe.

Mbuzi yachiwiriyi inkaphedwa pomwepo ngati nsembe yamachimo ndipo mkulu wa zisudzo amatumizidwa kuchipululu. Atafika kumeneko, munthu yemwe amayang'anira chiwembucho anamangirira mwala ndi ulusi wofiira pachikwangwani ndipo anakankhira nyamayo pachimwala (Yoma 4: 2, 6: 8).

Malinga ndi mwambowo, ngati machimo a Aisraele akhululukidwa, ulusiwo umayeretsedwa pokhapokha munthu waziphuphu atafika kuchipululu. Mwambo udapitilira pomwe Nyumba ya Mulungu idamangidwa ku Yerusalemu, ndi kansalu kofiyira kumangidwa pakhomo la malo opatulikirako, komwe kukadakhala koyera ngati Mulungu akadavomereza chitetezero cha machimo a Aisraele.

Kodi angachite bwanji zimenezi komanso chifukwa chake
Pali zifukwa zambiri zobvala chingwe chofiira, ndipo zoyambira za izi zimakonda kulumikizidwa pamilandu yotetezedwa komanso kulapa komwe kumawonekera m'zomwe zatchulidwazi mu Torah.

Chifukwa chake, zifukwa zomwe zili mdziko lachiyuda komanso lomwe siliri lachiyuda (onani Zikhalidwe Zina pansipa) zimakonda kuzungulira poteteza, ngakhale kuteteza anthu, nyama kapena katundu ku matenda, diso loipa (ayi hara) kapena ena mphamvu zoyipa kapena zochitika.

Nazi zina mwa zamasewera "momwe" ndi "chifukwa" kwa anthu omwe amavala ulusi wofiira:

Kumanga chingwe chofiira kumanzere kwamanja kumapewetsa zoipa (diso hara kapena diso loyipa).
Valani chingwe chofiyira mpaka chitamalira ndikugwa mwachilengedwe ndipo mudzakumana ndi munthu yemwe muyenera kukwatirana naye.
Ngati muli ndi pakati kapena mukufuna kubereka, valani chingwe chofiyira m'chiuno kapena m'chiuno kuti mupewe diso loyipa.
Mukapita ku Israeli kapena, makamaka, manda a Rakele ku Betelehemu, ambiri mwa omwe amagulitsa zingwe zofiira amati adakulunga ulusiwo mozungulira manda a Rakele kasanu ndi kawiri. Cholinga cha chochitikachi ndi kupatsa wovalayo mawonekedwe a Rakele, kuphatikizapo chifundo ndi kuwolowa manja.

Arabi pa chingwe chofiira
Debreczyner Rav, kapena Be'er Moshe 8:36, adalemba za ubwana wake pomwe amakumbukira kuwona anthu opembedza atavala zingwe zofiira, ngakhale kuti sanapeze zolemba zolembedwera. Mapeto ake, zikuwonetsa kuti ndi chikhalidwe chovomerezeka chopewezera zoipa ndipo Minhag Yisroel Torah Yoreh Deah 179 akuvomereza.

Ku Tosefta, Shabbat 7, pamakhala zokambirana zokhudzana ndi chizolowezi chomangirira chingwe chofiira pachinthu kapena kumangirira chingwe kuzungulira chinthu chofiyira. Chaputala chomwechi cha Tosefta chimakhudzana ndi machitidwe oletsedwa chifukwa amaonedwa ngati Darchei Emori, kapena machitidwe a Emoriti. Nthawi zambiri, Tosefta amafotokoza za kupembedza mafano.

Pomaliza, Tosefta adamaliza kuti kumanga chingwe chofiyira ndichosaloledwa chachikunja ndipo Radak Yeshayahu 41 akutsatira. Rabi Moses ben Maimon, wodziwika bwino monga Rambam kapena Maimonides, akunena ku Moreh Nevuchim 3:37 kuti zimadzetsa mavuto kwa iye.

Zikhalidwe zina
Mchitidwe womanga chingwe chofiira kuti muchepetse mwayi wochita zoipa komanso mizimu yoyipa imapezeka mu zikhalidwe kuchokera ku China ndi ku Romania kupita ku Greece ndi ku Dominican Republic.

Zitsanzo zochepa chabe za momwe ulusi wofiira ulili mzikhalidwe zina ndi zipembedzo:

Nthano ina yaku China imati mwana akabadwa ulusi wofiira wosawoneka umangiriza moyo wa mwana uja kwa anthu onse omwe adzakumana nawo pamoyo wake.
Mu Chingerezi, ku Ireland ndi ku Welshito, ulusi wofiira uli ndi mbiri yoyambira 1040 AD pomwe adalumikizidwa ndi ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za thupi kuchitira matenda osiyanasiyana. Chingwe chofiira chomangidwa pakhosi chimachiritsa pertussis ndi misala "mwezi ukayamba kutuluka". Ku England, kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XNUMX, zidanenedwa kuti chingwe chofiira kuzungulira khosi chimachiritsa zowawa za kubadwa kwa mwana.
Ku Kansas chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la XNUMX ndi Illinois koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma XNUMX, zidanenedwa kuti ulusi wofiira womangidwa pakhosi umachiritsa ma nose.
Ku Romania, a Serbs adaganiza kuti mayi wapakati amayenera kuvala chingwe chofiira kuzungulira chala chake chapakati ndipo ku Greece mzimayi wokhala ndi pakati amatha kuvala nthiti yofiyira kumutu.
Ku Italiya, zotchinga zofiirira zidawonekera pamaso pa 80s pama payipi, milandu ya magalasi, magwiridwe a opanga khofi komanso ngakhale adasoka m'matumbo kapena pamjekete.