Chizindikiro cha Mtanda: mphamvu yake, maubwino ake, sakalamu mphindi iliyonse

Zosavuta kuchita, zimatiteteza ku zoyipa, zimatiteteza ku zomwe satana amatipangira ndipo zimatipangitsa kuti tipeze mwayi wamtengo wapatali kuchokera kwa Mulungu.
Chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana lachinayi, unyinji waukulu womwe unasonkhana mozungulira mtengo wachikuda akudikirira ndi chidwi chochitika chokomacho. Bishop San Martino di Tour anali ataphwasula kachisi wachikunja ndipo adaganiza zodula paini yomwe inali pafupi ndi chipindacho ndipo chinali chinthu chopembedzedwa. Anthu achikunja ambiri adatsutsa izi ndipo adayambitsa zovuta: akadavomera pakugwetsedwa kwa "mtengo wopatulika" ngati Woyera, monga umboni wa chikhulupiriro chake mwa Khristu, akadakhala wofunitsitsa kukhalabe womangidwa pansi pake, pomwe iwonso adadula.
Chifukwa chake zidachitika. Ndipo kuwombera mwamphamvu kwa hatchet munthawi yaying'ono kumatanthauza kuti thunthu linayamba kupendekera ... motsogozedwa ndi mutu wa munthu wa Mulungu.Anthu achikunja anasangalala kwambiri ndi izi, pomwe akhrisitu amayang'ana mwachangu kwa bishopu wawo Woyera. Adapanga chizindikiro cha mtanda ndi mtengo wa paini, ngati kuti amakankhidwa ndi kupumira kwamphepo yamphamvu, anagwera mbali ina pa adani ena achikhulupiriro kwambiri a Chikhulupiriro. Panthawiyi, ambiri adatembenukira ku Church of Christ.
Kubwerera ku nthawi ya Atumwi
Malinga ndi miyambo, yolimbikitsidwa ndi Abambo a Tchalitchi chizindikiro cha mtanda chidayambika nthawi ya Atumwi. Ena amati Khristu mwini, munthawi yokwera kumwamba, adadalitsa ophunzira ndi chizindikiro ichi cha Chiwombolo. Atumwi ndi Ophunzira onse amafalitsa kudzipereka kumeneku mu mishoni zawo. M'zaka za zana lachiwirili, Tertullian, wolemba wachilatini woyamba wachilatini, adalimbikitsa kuti: "Zazomwe timachita, tikamalowa kapena kutuluka, titavala, kusamba, tikakhala patebulo kapena kuyatsa kandulo, tikgona kapena khalani pansi, kumayambiriro kwa ntchito yathu, timange chizindikiro cha mtanda ”. Chizindikiro chodalitsika iyi ndi nthawi yoyamika nthawi yayikulu komanso nthawi yayikulu yachikhristu. Zimachitika kwa ife, mwachitsanzo, m'masakramenti osiyanasiyana: mu Ubatizo, panthawi yomwe tidzaika chizindikiro ndi mtanda wa Khristu amene adzakhala a Iye, m'Chibvomerezo, tikalandira mafuta oyera pamphumi, kapena kachiwiri, pa ola lotsiriza Za moyo wathu, Tikakhululukidwa Ndi kudzoza Kwa odwala. Timapanga chizindikiro cha Mtanda pachiyambi ndi kumapeto kwa mapemphero, kudutsa kutsogolo kwa tchalitchi, kulandira mdaliro wa unsembe, koyambirira kwaulendo, ndi zina zambiri.
Kudzipereka kopindulitsa
Chizindikiro cha mtanda chiri ndi tanthauzo losawerengeka, mwa zomwe tiziwona izi: chinthu chodzipereka kwa Yesu Khristu, kukonzanso kwa Ubatizo ndi kulengeza za mfundo zazikulu za Chikhulupiriro chathu: Utatu Woyera ndi Kuwomboledwa.
Njira yochitira izi ilinso ndi zophiphiritsa ndipo zakhala zikukumana nawo pakapita nthawi.
Yoyamba mwa izi ikuwoneka kuti idachitika chifukwa chotsutsana ndi gulu la a monophysite (XNUMXth.), Yemwe adapanga chizindikiro cha mtanda pogwiritsa ntchito chala chimodzi, kutanthauza kuti mwa Yesu Khristu ndi umunthu anali olumikizidwa mu chikhalidwe chimodzi. Potsutsana ndi chiphunzitso chabodza ichi, Akhristu adapita kukapanga chizindikiro cha mtanda polumikizana zala zitatu (chala, cholozera ndi zala zamkati), kutsimikizira kupembedza kwake Utatu Woyera, ndikupumula zala zina pachikhatho cha dzanja, kuwonetsera kawiri (waumulungu ndi waumunthu) wa Yesu. Komanso, mu mpingo wonse, akhristu anthawi iyi adapanga chizindikiro cha mtanda molowera mbali yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano, ndiye kuti, kuyambira kumanzere kumanzere.
Innocent III (1198-1216), m'modzi wapapa wamkulu kwambiri wa nthawi ya nthawiyo, anafotokoza fanizo lotsatirali panjira iyi yopanga chizindikiro cha mtanda: "Chizindikiro cha mtanda chiyenera kuchitidwa ndi zala zitatu, chifukwa zimachitidwa ndi mtanda kupembedzera Utatu Woyera.
Njirayi iyenera kukhala kuchokera kumwamba kupita kumanzere ndi kumanzere, chifukwa Khristu adatsika kuchokera kumwamba kudzapita padziko lapansi ndikuchoka kuchokera kwa Ayuda (kumanja) kupita kwa Amitundu (kumanzere) "Pakadali pano mawonekedwe awa akupitilizabe kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamiyambo ya Katolika yaku Eastern.
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la khumi ndi zitatu, ena okhulupilika, kutsata njira ya wansembe m'mene amaperekera mdalitsowo, adayamba kupanga chizindikiro cha mtanda kuchokera kumanzere kupita kumanja, ndi dzanja lathyathyathya. Papa mwiniwakeyo akufotokozera chifukwa chomwe asinthira: "Pali ena, pakali pano, omwe amapanga chizindikiro cha mtanda kuchokera kumanzere kupita kumanja, kutanthauza kuti kuchokera kuzowawa (kumanzere) titha kupeza ulemerero (kumanja), monga momwe zidachitikira ndi Khristu pakupita kumwamba. (Ansembe ena) amachita izi ndipo anthu amayesetsa kuwatsanzira. " Fomu iyi yakhala mwambo mu Tchalitchi chonse Kumadzulo, ndipo chikadali chomwecho mpaka lero.
Zotsatira zake
Chizindikiro cha mtanda ndi saramu yakale kwambiri komanso yayikulu kwambiri, mawu omwe amatanthauza, "chizindikiro chopatulika", chomwe, potengera masakramenti, "amatanthauza zotsatira zauzimu zomwe zimapezedwa ndi kupembedzera kwa Mpingo" (CIC, can. 1166). Zimatitchinjiriza ku zoyipa, zimatiteteza ku mdierekezi komanso zimatipangitsa kukhala okonzekera chisomo cha Mulungu. St. Gaudenzio (set IV) akunena kuti, munthawi zonse, "ndi chida chosagonjetseka cha Akhristu".
Kwa okhulupilira omwe amawoneka ovuta kapena oyesedwa, Abambo a Tchalitchi adalimbikitsa Chizindikiro cha mtanda kukhala chithandizo chotsimikizika.
San Benedetto da Norcia, atakhala zaka zitatu ngati mphodza ku Subiaco, adamufunafuna gulu la amonke omwe amakhala pafupi, omwe adamupempha kuti avomereze kuti ndi wamkulu kuposa iwo. Komabe, amonke ena sankagawana nawo chiwembuchi, ndipo adayesera kuti amuphe, pomupatsa mkate ndi vinyo wowopsa. San Benedetto atapanga chizindikiro cha mtanda pa chakudya, chikho cha vinyo chimasweka, ndipo khwangwala adawulukira mkate, natenga ndikunyamula. Izi zimakumbukiridwanso lero mu "Mendulo ya Saint Benedict".
Tikuoneni, O Mtanda, chiyembekezo chathu chokha! Mu Mtanda wa Khristu, ndipo mwa iwo okha, tiyenera kudalira. Ngati itilimbitsa, sidzagwa, ngati pothawirapo pathu, sitifooka, ngati ndi mphamvu yathu, titha kuopa chiyani?
Kutsatira uphungu wa Abambo a Tchalitchi, tisamachite manyazi kuchita izi pamaso pa ena kapena kusasamala pogwiritsira ntchito sakalamu iyi yothandiza, chifukwa nthawi zonse imakhala pothaŵirapo pathu ndi chitetezo chathu.