Kodi Kukwererako Kunachitikadi?

Pakumala kwa masiku XNUMX anakhala ndi ophunzira ataukitsidwa, Yesu adakwera kumwamba. Akatolika nthawi zonse amamvetsetsa kuti izi ndi zochitika zenizeni komanso zozizwitsa. Tikhulupirira kuti zidachitikadi ndipo, monga Mpingo, timadzinenera Lamlungu lililonse.

Koma miyambo ilinso ndi okopa ake. Ena adaseka chiphunzitsochi, kuyerekezera "kuthawa" kwa Yesu ndi spacecraft ya Apollo, monga momwe zimakhalira nthabwala wamba pakati pa osakhulupirira Mulungu mzaka za 60 ndi 70s. Ena amakana kwathunthu kuthekera kwa zozizwitsa. Enanso, monga katswiri wazophunzitsa zaumulungu wa Episcopal a John Shelby Spong, amawerenga kukwera ngati kosakhala kwenikweni komanso kophiphiritsa: "Munthu wamakono amadziwa kuti ngati mungadzuke kuchokera Padziko lapansi (monga kukwera kumwamba), simupita kumwamba. Pitani mukazungulira. "

Poganizira zotsutsa ngati izi, kodi Akatolika angateteze bwanji zenizeni zakukwera Khristu?

Wina angamvetsetse zonena za Spong pamwambapa. Kupatula apo, kodi kumwamba sikumakhala "kupitilira" zakuthambo? Ndizosangalatsa zomwe CS Lewis adapereka zomwe ndikupeza kuti ndizabwino. Pambuyo pa kuuka kwake, zitha kukhala kuti Ambuye wathu,

wokhala mwa njira inayake, ngakhale sikhala njira yathupi, wachoka ku zofuna zake kuchokera ku Chiwonetsero chomwe chaperekedwa ndi mawonekedwe athu atatu ndi mphamvu zisanu, osati kwenikweni mu dziko lomwe silili lathupi komanso lopanda malire, koma mwina, kapena, kapena maulamuliro apamwamba kwambiri komanso apamwamba. Ndipo angasankhe kuchita pang'onopang'ono. Ndani gehena amadziwa zomwe owonera amatha kuwona? Ngati akunena kuti awona kuyenda kwakanthawi mlengalenga yopingasa - ndiye kuti misa yosadziwika - chifukwa chake palibe - ndani angatchule izi?

Chifukwa chake zitha kukhala kuti Yesu, akadali mthupi, adasankha kukwera osati nyenyezi, koma kungoyambira padziko lapansi ngati chiyambi chaulendo wamphamvu-kumwamba. Izi zikuganiza, kuti, zozizwitsa ndizotheka. Koma kodi ali?

Zozizwitsa ndi tanthauzo lamphamvu zauzimu; ndipo sayansi imangoyang'ana zochitika zachilengedwe. Kuti tinene motsimikizika ngati zozizwitsa zitha kuchitika, wina amayenera kuyang'ana mopitilira, mwachitsanzo, ma microscopes ndi olamulira ndikufunsa ngati zoterezi ndizotheka mwachinsinsi. Mwina munamvapo zolemba zina za a David Hume kuti chozizwitsa ndich kuphwanya malamulo achilengedwe. Chongoganiza ndichakuti Mulungu, akadakhalapo, sakanakhala ndi ufulu wopanga zauzimu mwa chilengedwe. Kulekeranji? Chikhulupiriro cha wokhulupirira chimasinthasintha kuti Mulungu ndi amene amayambitsa zochitika zenizeni. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ndiamene amapanga ndi kuthandizira pa malamulo achilengedwe ndi zinthu zomwe zimawongolera. Ndiwoweruza wamkulu.

Palibe nzeru kumamuimba mlandu, kuphwanya "malamulo" ake popeza alibe mphamvu kapena malingaliro oyenera opanga zotsatira zokhazokha kudzera mu ubale wapakati womwe amakhala nawo. Monga wafilosofi Alvin Plantinga adafunsa, bwanji sitingaganizire za malamulo achilengedwe monga ofotokozera momwe Mulungu nthawi zambiri amasamalira nkhani yomwe adalenga? Ndipo popeza tazindikira kuti malingaliro ophatikizika ambiri amakhala osakwanira kufotokoza zonse zofunikira, tinganene bwanji kuti timadziwa motsimikiza kuti "malamulo" ndi chiyani?

Njira ina yolimbikitsira chitetezo chathu cha kukwera kumwamba kwa Kristu ndikuwonetsa kuti pali zifukwa zomveka zokhulupirira kuti Yesu anaukitsidwa.

Njira imodzi yotsutsira chiukitsiro ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira yochepetsetsa yomwe woyambitsa Jürgen Habermas adayambitsa. Izi zikutanthauza kulingalira za mbiri yakale yomwe imavomerezedwa kwambiri ndi akatswiri onse (ambiri okayikira akuphatikizidwa), chifukwa chake kutsimikizira kuti chiwukitsiro, osati kufotokoza kwachilengedwe, ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri kwa iwo. Mfundo zowonetsedwa bwino izi - zomwe wolemba mbiri Mike Licona amadzitcha "maziko a mbiri" - zimaphatikizapo imfa ya Yesu pamtanda, ziphunzitso zoyesedwa za Khristu woukitsidwayo, manda opanda kanthu komanso kutembenuka kwadzidzidzi kwa Woyera Paul, mdani ndi ozunza a Akhristu oyamba.

Chikhulupiriro china nchakuti ophunzira adasangalatsidwa pamene adawona Yesu woukitsidwayo. Izi zidatsutsidwa kuyambira pachiyambi chifukwa magulu onse adati adaona Yesu nthawi yomweyo (1 Akorinto 15: 3-6). Kuwona magulu pamagulu sikuvuta chifukwa anthu amagawana ubongo kapena malingaliro. Koma ngakhale kuyerekezera zinthu zambiri kumachitika, kodi izi zitha kufotokoza kutembenuka mtima kwa St. Kodi ndi mwayi uti womwe iye ndi otsatira Khristu adatsekereza Yesu woukitsidwayo? Mafotokozedwe omveka bwino paz zochitika zonsezi amakhudza munthu weniweni, Yesu, atauka kwa akufa atapachikidwa.

Kodi nkhani yakukwera ndiyokayikitsa? Ndi San Luca ndiye gwero lathu loyamba, tingakhulupirire bwanji kuti ikutiuza nthano osati nthano? A John Shelby Spong akuwona izi mothekera: "Luca sanalingalire kwenikweni zolemba zake. "Tidaneneratu zaukatswiri wa Luka powerenga zenizeni."

Vuto pakuwerenga uku ndikuti Luka akukana kuthekera kwake. Mlalikiyo amafotokoza momveka bwino m'mawu oyambira uthenga wabwino kuti cholinga chake ndi kufotokoza nkhani yeniyeni. Komanso, pamene Luka akufotokozera kukwera m'mwamba kulibe thupi, ndiye kuti izi sizodabwitsa ngati samatanthawuza zenizeni. Mu nkhani ya uthenga wabwino, amangotiuza kuti Yesu "adadzilekanitsa ndipo adatengedwa kupita kumwamba" (Luka 24:52). M'buku la Machitidwe, alemba kuti Yesu "anakwezedwa ndipo mtambo unamuchotsa pamaso pawo" (Machitidwe 1: 9). Ozizira komanso azachipatala, ngati wolemba mbiri wozama yemwe amangokonda zoonadi, Luka amangotiuza zomwe zidachitika - ndipo ndizomwezo. Ndizodziwikanso kuti nkhani za m'Mauthenga Abwino zidalembedwa patangotsala zaka zochepa kupachikidwa pamtanda wa Yesu, pakadakhala mboni zowona ndi maso za Yesu adakali moyo kuti awongolere kapena kutsutsa nkhani ya Luka. Koma palibe chomwe chingatsutse izi.

Zowonadi, uthenga wabwino wa Luka komanso buku lake la Machitidwe a Atumwi (omwe ndi "othandizira nawo") zatsimikizidwa ndi akatswiri a mbiri yakale komanso ofukula zakale kuti ndi olondola kwambiri. Katswiri wamkulu wofukula za m'mabwinja Sir William Ramsay adazindikira kuti San Luca anali "wolemba mbiri woyamba". Kafukufuku waposachedwa kwambiri wazolondola m'mbiri ya Luca, monga momwe wasayansi wakale Colin Hemer, atsimikiziranso kuyenera kwa kutamandidwa kwakukulu kumeneku. Chifukwa chake pamene Luka amafotokozera kukwera thupi kwa Yesu kumwamba, tili ndi zifukwa zambiri zokhulupirira kuti Woyera Luka adanenanso zowona, "fanizo la zomwe zakwaniritsidwa. . . monganso momwe adapulumutsidwira kwa ife omwe kuyambira pachiyambi anali mboni zowona ndi maso "(Luka 1: 1).