Chipembedzo Padziko Lonse: Zomwe Buddha amaphunzitsa pankhani yogonana

Zipembedzo zambiri zili ndi malamulo okhwima komanso okhwima okhudzana ndi kugonana. Achi Buddha ali ndi Lamulo Lachitatu - ku Pali, Kamesu micchacara veramani sikkhapadam samadiyami - lomwe limamasuliridwa kuti "Osachita zachiwerewere" kapena "Osazunza akazi". Komabe, kwa anthu wamba, malembo oyambilira asokonekera pazomwe zimatanthauza "zachiwerewere".

Malamulo a zamankhwala
Amonke ambiri ndi masisitere amatsata malamulo angapo a Vinaya Pitaka. Mwachitsanzo, amonke ndi masisitere omwe amachita zachiwerewere "agonjetsedwa" ndipo amachotsedwa pamalowo. Ngati monki apereka ndemanga zogonana kwa mkazi, gulu la amonke liyenera kukumana ndikulakwa. Mmonke ayenera kupewa ngakhale mawonekedwe osayenera pokhala yekha ndi mkazi. Masisitere sangalole kuti amuna azigwira, kuzisinja, kapena kuzipweteka kulikonse pakati pa kolala ndi mawondo awo.

Ophunzitsa m'masukulu ambiri achi Buddha ku Asia akupitilizabe kutsatira Vinaya Pitaka, kupatula Japan.

Shinran Shonin (1173-1262), yemwe adayambitsa J Pure Shinshu ku Japan Pure Land School, adakwatirana ndikupatsanso ansembe a Jodo Shinshu kukwatira. M'zaka mazana ambiri atamwalira, ukwati wa amonke achi Japan achi Buddha mwina sichinali lamulo, koma sizinali zachilendo.

Mu 1872, boma la Meiji ku Japan lidalamula kuti amonke ndi ansembe achi Buddha (koma osati masisitere) akhale omasuka kukwatira ngati atero. Posakhalitsa "mabanja akachisi" adayamba kufala (adakhalako lamulo lisanachitike, koma anthu adanamizira kuti sakudziwa) ndipo oyang'anira akachisi ndi nyumba za amonke nthawi zambiri amakhala bizinesi yabanja, yoperekedwa kuchokera kwa abambo kupita kwa ana. Lero ku Japan - komanso m'masukulu a Chibuda omwe amatumizidwa kumadzulo kuchokera ku Japan - funso lakusakwatira kwa amonke limasankhidwa mosiyana ndi mpatuko ndi mpatuko komanso kuchokera kwa monk kupita kwa monk.

Zovuta kwa a Buddhist
Abuda achi Buddha - omwe si amonke kapena masisitere - ayenera kudzisankhira okha ngati kusamala kosamveka bwino kwa "chiwerewere" kuyenera kutanthauziridwa ngati kuvomereza umbeta. Anthu ambiri amatenga thunzi pazomwe zimatengera "machitidwe olakwika" pachikhalidwe chawo, ndipo izi timaziwona mu Buddha wa ku Asia.

Tonse titha kuvomereza, osakambirananso, kuti kugonana kosagwirizana kapena kuponderezana ndi "machitidwe olakwika". Kupitilira apo, chomwe chimatanthauza "kusachita bwino" mu Chibuda sichidziwika bwino. Philosophy imatipangitsa kuti tiziganiza za zikhalidwe zakugonana munjira yosiyana kwambiri ndi momwe ambirife taphunzitsidwira.

Tsatirani malangizo
Malangizo a Chibuda si malamulo. Amatsatiridwa ngati kudzipereka kwawo pakuchita Chibuda. Kulephera sikuli waluso (akusala) koma si tchimo - ndiponsotu, palibe Mulungu amene angachimwire.

Kuphatikiza apo, malamulo ndi mfundo, osati malamulo, ndipo zili kwa a Buddhist aliyense kusankha momwe angawagwiritsire ntchito. Izi zimafunikira kulangidwa kwakukulu komanso kuwona mtima kuposa omwe amatsatira malamulo "tsatirani malamulo osafunsa mafunso". Buddha adati, "Khalani pothawirapo panu." Anatiphunzitsa kugwiritsa ntchito kuweruza kwathu pankhani yazipembedzo komanso zamakhalidwe.

Otsatira zipembedzo zina nthawi zambiri amanena kuti popanda malamulo omveka bwino, anthu azichita zinthu modzikonda ndi kuchita zomwe akufuna. Izi zimagulitsa anthu ochepa. Chibuda chimatiwonetsa kuti tikhoza kuchepetsa kudzikonda kwathu, umbombo wathu ndi zokonda zathu, kuti titha kukulitsa kukoma mtima ndi chifundo, potero titha kukulitsa zabwino padziko lapansi.

Munthu amene amakhalabe pamalingaliro amwini wodziyimira yekha ndipo amene amakhala ndi chisoni pang'ono mumtima mwake sakhala munthu wamakhalidwe, mosasamala kanthu kuti amatsatira malamulo angati. Munthu wotere nthawi zonse amapeza njira zokhazikitsira malamulo kuti asanyalanyaze ndi kupezerera anzawo.

Mavuto apadera ogonana
Ukwati. Zipembedzo zambiri komanso machitidwe azikhalidwe zakumadzulo amakhala ndi mzere wowonekera bwino paukwati. Kugonana mkati mwa mzere ndikwabwino, pomwe kugonana kunja kwa mzere ndikoyipa. Ngakhale kukhala okwatirana okhaokha ndikwabwino, Chibuda chimakhala ndi lingaliro loti kugonana pakati pa anthu awiri omwe amakondana sikofunika, ngakhale atakhala okwatirana kapena ayi. Kumbali inayi, kugonana m'mabanja kumatha kukhala koipitsa, ndipo banja silipangitsa kuti nkhanza izi zikhale zabwino.

Khalidwe logonana amuna okhaokha. Mutha kupeza ziphunzitso zotsutsana ndi kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha m'masukulu ena achi Buddha, koma ambiri aiwo amawonetsa miyambo yakomweko kuposa momwe Chibuda chokha chimachitira. Masiku ano m'masukulu osiyanasiyana a Chibuda, Buddhist wa ku Tibet yekha ndi amene amakhumudwitsa kugonana pakati pa amuna (ngakhale sanakhale pakati pa akazi). Kuletsedwaku kumachokera ku ntchito ya katswiri wazaka za m'ma XNUMX wotchedwa Tsongkhapa, yemwe mwina adatengera malingaliro ake pazamalemba akale a ku Tibet.

Chilakolako. Chowonadi chachiwiri chabwino chimaphunzitsa kuti chomwe chimayambitsa mavuto ndikulakalaka kapena ludzu (tanha). Izi sizitanthauza kuti zolakalaka zimafunikira kuponderezedwa kapena kukanidwa. M'malo mwake, mumachitidwe achi Buddha, timazindikira zomwe timakonda ndikuphunzira kuwona kuti zilibe kanthu, chifukwa chake satilamuliranso. Izi ndizowona za chidani, umbombo ndi zina zosalimbikitsa. Chikhumbo chakugonana sichosiyana.

Mu "The Mind of Clover: Essays in Zen Buddhist Ethics," a Robert Aitken Roshi akuti "[f] kapena chisangalalo chake chonse, mwamphamvu zake zonse, kugonana ndimayendedwe ena chabe. Ngati tingopewa izi chifukwa ndizovuta kuphatikizira kuposa mkwiyo kapena mantha, ndiye kuti tikungonena kuti tchipisi chikakhala chochepa sitingathe kutsatira zomwe timachita. Izi ndi zachinyengo komanso ndi zosayenera ".

Mu Vajrayana Buddhism, mphamvu yakukhumba imasinthidwa ngati njira yokwaniritsira kuunikiridwa.

Njira yapakati
Chikhalidwe chakumadzulo pakadali pano chikuwoneka kuti chikulimbana chokha pakugonana, ndikudzitchinjiriza kokhako mbali inayo ndikumanyazi kwina. Nthawi zonse, Chibuda chimatiphunzitsa kupewa kupewa zinthu mopitilira muyeso ndikupeza malo apakati. Monga aliyense payekhapayekha, titha kupanga zisankho zosiyanasiyana, koma ndi nzeru (prajna) ndi kukoma mtima (metta), osati mndandanda wamalamulo, zomwe zikuwonetsa njirayo.