Chipembedzo chadziko lonse lapansi: Chifukwa chakuti kufanana kwamalingaliro ndi kofunikira kwa Abuda

Mawu achingerezi equanimity amatanthauza mkhalidwe wodekha komanso wosasamala, makamaka pakakhala zovuta. Mu Buddhism, equanimity (ku Pali, upekkha; ku Sanskrit, upeksha) ndi amodzi mwa zabwino zinayi zosayerekezeka kapena zabwino zinai (kuphatikiza ndi chifundo, kukoma mtima ndi chisomo chomvetsa chisoni) zomwe Buddha adaphunzitsa ophunzira ake kuti azikulitsa.

Koma kodi kukhala wodekha komanso wosasamala mokomera zonse? Ndipo kufanana bwanji?

Matanthauzidwe a Upekkha
Ngakhale amatanthauzidwa kuti "equanimity", tanthauzo lenileni la upekkha likuwoneka kuti limavuta kufotokoza. Malinga ndi a Gil Fronsdal, omwe amaphunzitsa ku Insight Meditation Center ku Redwood City, California, liwu loti upekkha limatanthawuza "kuyang'ana kutali". Komabe, buku la Pali / Sanskrit lomwe ndidafunsa likuti zikutanthauza kuti "osazindikira; kunyalanyaza ".

Malinga ndi monk komanso katswiri wa maphunziro a Theravadin, Bhikkhu Bodhi, liwu loti upekkha lidamasuliridwa molakwika m'mbuyomu kuti "kupanda chidwi", zomwe zidapangitsa ambiri kumadzulo kuti azikhulupirira molakwika kuti Abuddha ayenera kubedwa komanso kusayanjana ndi zolengedwa zina. Zomwe zimatanthawuza sikulamulidwa ndi zilako lako, zikhumbo, zokonda ndi zomwe sakonda. Bhikkhu akupitiliza,

"Ndi kufanana kwa malingaliro, ufulu wosasunthika wa malingaliro, chikhalidwe chamkati chomwe sichingakhumudwe ndikupeza ndi kutaya, ulemu ndi manyazi, matamando ndi kudziimba mlandu, chisangalalo ndi zopweteka. Upekkha ndi ufulu wochokera ku mfundo zonse zodzidziwitsira; sichimangoyang'ana pazosowa za eni-omwewo ndi chilakolako chake chofuna kusangalala komanso maudindo, osati kutukuka kwamtundu wake. "

Gil Fronsdal akuti Buddha adalongosola kuti upekkha ndi "wochulukirapo, wokwezeka, wosasangalatsa, wopanda udani komanso wosafuna." Sizofanana ndi "kusagwirizana", sichoncho?

A Thich Nhat Hanh akuti (mu The Heart of the Buddha's Teaching, p. 161) kuti mawu achi Sanskrit upeksha amatanthauza "kufanana, kusaphatikizika, kusasala, kufanana kapena kusiya. Upa imatanthawuza "pamwambapa", ndipo iksh amatanthauza "kuyang'ana". ' Kwerani phirili kuti mutha kuyang'ana zochitika zonse, osamangidwa mbali imodzi kapena inayo. "

Titha kuyang'ananso kumoyo wa Buddha monga wowongolera. Pambuyo pakuwunikiridwa, iye sanakhale moyo wopanda chidwi. M'malo mwake, adakhala zaka 45 mwachangu kuphunzitsa ena dharma. Kuti mumve zambiri pamutuwu, onani Chifukwa chiyani Abuddha amapewa kudzipatula? "Ndipo" Chifukwa chiyani kutumiza ndi mawu olakwika "

Kuyimirira pakati
Mawu ena akuti omwe nthawi zambiri amatanthauziridwa mu Chingerezi kuti "equanimity" ndi tatramajjhattata, omwe amatanthauza "kukhala pakati". Gil Fronsdal akuti "kukhala pakati" amatanthauza kulondola komwe kumachitika pakukhazikika mkati, kutsalira kumayambira mukazunguliridwa ndi anthu achiwawa.

Buddha adatiphunzitsa kuti timangokhalira kukankhidwira mbali imodzi ndi zina kapena zinthu zomwe tikufuna kupewa. Izi zikuphatikiza matamando ndi kulakwa, chisangalalo ndi zopweteka, kupambana ndi kulephera, kupeza komanso kutaya. Munthu wanzeru, atero Buddha, amalandila chilichonse popanda kuvomereza kapena kukana. Izi zimapanga maziko a "Middle Way omwe amapanga maziko achikhalidwe chachi Buddha.

Kukulitsa chiyanjano
M'bukhu lake Comfortable with Uncarant, pulofesa waku Tibetan a Kagyu Pema Chodron adati: "Kuti tikulitse mgwirizano, timadziyendetsa tokha tikakumana ndi zokopa kapena kuzikana zisanachitike."

Izi mwachionekere zimalumikiza kuzindikira. Buddha adaphunzitsa kuti pali zithunzi zinayi zakuzindikira pakuzindikira. Izi zimatchedwanso zinthu zinayi zakuzindikira. Izi ndi:

Kusamalira thupi (kayasati).
Kudziwitsa zam'malingaliro kapena zomverera (vedanasati).
Maganizo kapena zamaganizidwe (nzika).
Kusamalira zinthu kapena malingaliro; kapena kuzindikira kwa dharma (dhammasati).
Apa, tili ndi chitsanzo chabwino chogwirira ntchito pozindikira momwe tikumvera komanso momwe timaganizira. Anthu omwe sazindikira amasekedwa nthawi zonse ndi zomwe amachita komanso tsankho. Koma ndi kuzindikira, zindikirani ndikuzindikira momwe mukumvera osawalekerera.

Pema Chodron akuti pamene kukopa kapena kukopa kukabuka, "titha kugwiritsa ntchito malingaliro athu ngati miyala yopondera yolumikizana ndi zisokonezo za ena." Tikakhala ozindikira ndikuvomereza malingaliro athu, timawona bwino momwe aliyense amakopeka ndi chiyembekezo komanso mantha awo. Kuchokera pamenepa "malingaliro onse akhoza kutuluka".

A Thich Nhat Hanh akunena kuti kufanana kwa Buddha kumaphatikizapo kuthekera kuwona aliyense wofanana. "Tachotsa kusankhana konse ndi tsankho ndikuchotsa malire onse pakati pa ife ndi anthu ena," akulemba. "Mukusamvana, ngakhale titakhala okhudzidwa kwambiri, timakhalabe opanda tsankho, okonda komanso kumvetsetsa mbali zonse ziwiri".