Chizindikiro cha Nataraj cha kuvina kwa Shiva

Nataraja kapena Nataraj, mawonekedwe ovina a Lord Shiva, ndichizindikiro chazinthu zofunikira kwambiri m'Chihindu komanso chidule cha mfundo zazikuluzikulu zachipembedzo cha Vedic. Mawu oti "Nataraj" amatanthauza "Mfumu ya ovina" (Sanskrit wobadwa = gule; raja = mfumu). Malinga ndi mawu a Ananda K. Coomaraswamy, Nataraj ndiye "chithunzi chodziwika bwino cha zochitika za Mulungu zomwe zaluso zilizonse kapena chipembedzo chitha kudzitamandira nazo ... Chiwonetsero chamadzimadzi komanso champhamvu cha munthu wosuntha kuposa yemwe akuvina aku Shiva sapezeka. pafupifupi paliponse, "(Gule wa Shiva)

Chiyambi cha mawonekedwe a Nataraj
Chiwonetsero chazithunzi zachuma komanso zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana zaku India, zidapangidwa ku South India ndi ojambula am'zaka za zana la 880 ndi 1279 m'nthawi ya Chola (XNUMX-XNUMX AD) pazithunzi zozizwitsa zamkuwa. M'zaka za zana la XNUMX AD idafika pamlingo woyenera ndipo posakhalitsa Chola Nataraja adakhala chitsimikiziro chachikulu cha zaluso zachihindu.

Fomu lofunikira ndi chiphiphiritso
Munjira yolumikizana modabwitsa komanso modabwitsa yomwe imafotokoza kukula ndi mgwirizano wamoyo, Nataraj akuwonetsedwa ndi manja anayi oyimira makadinala. Iye akuvina, ndi phazi lake lakumanzere litakwezedwa mokwezeka ndipo phazi lake lamanja likugwadira: "Apasmara Purusha", yemwe ndi chinyengo komanso kusazindikira komwe Shiva amapambana. Dzanja lakumanzere lakumanja limanyamula lawi, lamanzere likuloza kumwana, yemwe akuwonetsedwa atagwira njoka yamphongo. Dzanja lakumanja lili ndi ng'oma ya hourglass kapena "dumroo" yomwe imayimira moyo wamwamuna ndi wamkazi, pansipa ikuwonetsa mawu akuti: "Osachita mantha".

Njoka zoyimira kudzikuza zimawoneka zikumasuka m'manja, miyendo ndi tsitsi, zomwe zimalukidwa ndikudulidwa. Zitseko zake zodzazungulira zimazungulira pamene akuvina mkatikati mwa malawi oyimira kuzungulira kosatha kwa kubadwa ndi imfa. Pamutu pake pali chigaza, chomwe chikuyimira kugonjetsa imfa. Mkazi wamkazi Ganga, gawo loyambirira la mtsinje wopatulika wa Ganges, amakhalanso pamutu pake. Diso lake lachitatu likuyimira kudziwa kwake konse, kuzindikira kwake komanso kuwunikira kwake. Fano lonse limakhazikika pamiyala ya lotus, chizindikiro cha mphamvu zakulenga zakuthambo.

Tanthauzo la kuvina kwa Shiva
Kuvina kwachilengedwe kumeneku kwa Shiva kumatchedwa "Anandatandava", kutanthauza kuti Dance of Bliss, ndikuyimira zochitika zakuthambo ndi chiwonongeko komanso nyimbo ya tsiku ndi tsiku ya kubadwa ndi imfa. Kuvina ndi chithunzi chofanizira pazowonekera zazikulu zisanu zamphamvu zamuyaya: chilengedwe, chiwonongeko, kusamalira, chipulumutso ndi chinyengo. Malinga ndi Coomaraswamy, kuvina kwa Shiva kuyimiranso ntchito zake zisanu: "Shrishti" (chilengedwe, chisinthiko); 'Sthiti' (kusamalira, kuthandizira); 'Samhara' (chiwonongeko, chisinthiko); 'Tirobhava' (chinyengo); ndi 'Anugraha' (kumasulidwa, kumasulidwa, chisomo).

Chikhalidwe chonse cha chithunzichi ndichodabwitsa, kuphatikiza bata kwamkati ndi zochitika zakunja kwa Shiva.

Mafanizo azasayansi
Fritzof Capra m'nkhani yake "The Dance of Shiva: The Hindu View of Matter in the Light of Modern Physics", ndipo pambuyo pake ku The Tao of Physics, amalumikiza bwino bwino kuvina kwa Nataraj ndi fizikiya yamakono. Akuti "tinthu tating'onoting'ono tonse tomwe timapanga sikuti timangovina mwamphamvu komanso ndimavinidwe amphamvu; ndondomeko yolengedwa yachilengedwe ndi chiwonongeko ... chosatha ... Kwa akatswiri amakono a sayansi, kuvina kwa Shiva ndiye kuvina kwa zinthu za subatomic. Monga mu nthano zachihindu, ndi gule wopitilira wa chilengedwe ndi chiwonongeko chomwe chimakhudza chilengedwe chonse; maziko a kukhalako konse ndi zochitika zonse zachilengedwe “.

Chifaniziro cha Nataraj ku CERN, Geneva
Mu 2004, ku CERN, European Research Center for Particle Physics ku Geneva, panawonetsedwa chifanizo cha 2m chovina Shiva. Mwala wina wapadera pafupi ndi chifanizo cha Shiva umalongosola tanthauzo la fanizo la Shiva ladziko lonse lofananira ndi mawu ochokera ku Capra: "Zaka mazana angapo zapitazo, ojambula aku India adapanga zithunzi zowoneka za kuvina Shiva mu mndandanda wokongola wa bronzes. M'nthawi yathu ino, akatswiri asayansi agwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri posonyeza mawonekedwe a gule wakuthambo. Fanizo la gule wakuthambo motero limagwirizanitsa nthano zakale, zaluso zachipembedzo ndi fizikiya yamakono “.

Mwachidule, nayi ndakatulo kuchokera pa ndakatulo yokongola ya a Ruth Peel:

"Gwero la mayendedwe onse,
kuvina kwa Shiva,
amapereka mungoli kuti chilengedwe.
Gulani m'malo oyipa,
zopatulika,
pangani ndikusunga,
akuwononga ndi kumasula.

Ndife gawo lavina
Nyimbo yamuyaya iyi,
Tsoka ife ngati, tichititsidwa khungu
zabodza,
timasiyana
Kuchokera m'malo ovina,
mgwirizano wapadziko lonse ... "