Njira Zothetsera Chisudzulo

Chisudzulo chololedwa mu Chisilamu ngati njira yomaliza ngati banja silingathetsedwe. Njira zina zikuyenera kuchitidwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti zosankha zonse zatha ndipo mbali zonse zimathandizidwa mwaulemu komanso mwachilungamo.

Mu Chisilamu, amakhulupirira kuti moyo wabanja uyenera kukhala wachifundo, wachifundo ndi wodekha. Ukwati ndi dalitso lalikulu. Aliyense muukwati ali ndi ufulu komanso maudindo ena, omwe ayenera kulemekezedwa mwachikondi pothandiza banja.

Tsoka ilo, sizikhala choncho nthawi zonse.

Pendani ndikuyesa kuyanjanitsa
Ukwati ukakhala pachiwopsezo, maanja amalangizidwa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito njira zonse kuti akonzenso unansiwo. Chisudzulo chololedwa monga njira yomaliza, koma amakhumudwa. Mneneri Muhammad nthawi ina adati: "Mwa zonse zovomerezeka, chisudzulo ndi chomwe chimakhala chodana ndi Mulungu."

Pazifukwa izi, gawo loyamba lomwe okwatirana ayenera kutenga ndikuyesa kwenikweni m'mitima yawo, kuyesa ubalewo ndikuyesera kuyanjananso. Maukwati onse amakhala ndi zovuta zokwanira ndipo chisankhochi sichiyenera kupangidwa mosavuta. Dzifunseni "Kodi ndidayeseranso chilichonse?" Onaninso zosowa ndi zofooka zanu; Ganizirani zotsatira zake. Yesetsani kukumbukira zinthu zabwino za mnzanuyo ndikupeza kuleza mtima kwakukhululuka mu mtima mwanu chifukwa chakukhumudwitsani pang'ono. Lumikizanani ndi wokondedwa wanu za malingaliro anu, mantha anu ndi zosowa zanu. Munthawi imeneyi, thandizo la mlangizi wachisilamu wosalowerera lingakhale lothandiza kwa anthu ena.

Ngati, mutayang'anitsitsa ukwati wanu, muwona kuti palibe njira ina kupatula chisudzulo, palibe manyazi pochita gawo lina. Allah amapereka chisudzulo ngati njira chifukwa nthawi zina zimakhala zabwino kwambiri kwa onse okhudzidwa. Palibe amene ayenera kukhalabe mu vuto lomwe limabweretsa zowawa, zowawa komanso mavuto. Zikatero, nkwachifundo chambiri kwa inu kuti muzitsatira njira zake zokha, mwamtendere komanso mwamtendere.

Zindikirani, komabe, kuti Chisilamu chimafotokoza zinthu zingapo zomwe ziyenera kuchitika isanachitike, nthawi ndi itatha. Zosowa za mbali zonse ziwirizi zimayang'aniridwa. Ana onse muukwati amayikidwa patsogolo. Ndondomeko zimaperekedwa pamachitidwe awomwe amunthu komanso njira zovomerezeka. Kutsatira malangizowa kumakhala kovuta, makamaka ngati mmodzi kapena onse awiri akukhumudwitsidwa. Yesetsani kukhala okhwima komanso achilungamo. Kumbukirani mawu a Allah mu Korani: "Ziwalozi zigwirizane pamodzi moyenera kapena kudzipatula mokoma mtima." (Sura al-Baqarah, 2: 229)

Kuyanjanitsa
Korani imati: "Ndipo ngati mukuopa kuti awiriwo aphwasuka, sankhani woweruza kuchokera kwa abale ake ndi wotsutsana naye kuchokera kwa abale ake. Ngati onse akufuna kuyanjanitsidwa, Allah abweretsa mgwirizano pakati pawo. Zoonadi, Mulungu Ngodziwa kwambiri zinthu zonse. " (Sura An-Nisa 4:35)

Ukwati komanso kuthetsa banja kumatha kukhala ndi anthu ambiri kuposa okwatirana okha. Zimakhudza ana, makolo ndi mabanja athunthu. Chifukwa chake, musanapange chisankho pa chisudzulo, ndikoyenera kuphatikiza akulu am'banjamo poyesa kuyanjanitsa. Achibale amadziwa gawo lirilonse payekha, kuphatikiza zomwe akuchita ndi zofooka, ndipo mwachiyembekezo ali ndi zofuna zawo. Ngati akukumana ndi ntchitoyi moona mtima, akhoza kuchita bwino kuthandiza banjali kuthetsa mavuto awo.

Okwatirana ena amakhala omasuka kutenga nawo mbali pabanja pamavuto awo. Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti kusudzulana kungawakhudzenso - mu ubale wawo ndi zidzukulu, adzukulu, zidzukulu, ndi zina zambiri. Ndipo mu maudindo omwe akuyenera kukumana nawo pothandiza aliyense kukhala ndi moyo wodziyimira pawokha. Chifukwa chake banja lidzakhala mbali imodzi kapena ina. Nthawi zambiri, anthu am'banja angafune mwayi wothandizira akadali otheka.

Okwatirana ena amafunafuna njira ina, kupangira womlangizira woyimira pawokha kuti ateteze anzawo. Ngakhale mlangizi atha kutenga gawo lofunikira pakuyanjanitsa, munthuyu amakhala omasuka mwachilengedwe ndipo sachita nawo kanthu. Achibale ali ndi chidwi ndi zotsatirapo zake ndipo akhoza kudzipereka kuti apeze yankho.

Ngati kuyesaku kukulephera pambuyo poyesetsa, ndiye kuti zindikirika kuti chisudzulo chokhacho chingakhale njira yokhayo. Awiriwo adapitilira kunena kuti banja lithe. Njira zenizeni zakusudzulana zimatengera ngati kusunthaku kudayambitsidwa ndi mwamuna kapena mkazi.

Kutha kwa mabanja
Chisudzulo chikayambitsidwa ndi mwamunayo, chimadziwika kuti talaq. Kulengeza kwa mamuna kumatha kukhala kwa mawu kapena kulembedwa ndipo kuyenera kupangidwa kamodzi kokha. Popeza mwamunayo akufuna kuswa mgwirizano waukwati, mkaziyo ali ndi ufulu wonse wosungitsa zomwe wapanga (mahr) kumulipira.

Ngati mkazi ayamba chisudzulo, pali njira ziwiri. Poyamba, mkazi amasankha kubwezera mkazi wake kuti athetse ukwati. Amapereka ufulu wosunga chikwati chifukwa ndi iye amene amayesa kuswa mgwirizano waukwati. Izi zimadziwika kuti khul'a. Pamutuwu, Korani imati: "Sikovomerezeka kwa inu (amuna) kuti mutengere mphatso zanu, pokhapokha ngati mbali zonse ziwopa kuti sangathe kusunga zomwe Mulungu walamula. Palibe mlandu uliwonse wa iwo popereka chilichonse chifukwa cha ufulu wawo. Awa ndi malire omwe Mulungu adalamula, choncho musawaphwanye "(Korani 2: 229).

Mlandu wachiwiri, mkazi angasankhe kupempha woweruza kuti asudzulidwe, ndi chifukwa chokha. Amapemphedwa kutsimikizira kuti mwamuna wake sanakwaniritse udindo wake. Panthawi imeneyi, sikungakhale kulakwa kuyembekezera kuti nayenso abwererenso ntchito. Woweruza amapereka chigamulo potengera zowona za mlanduwo komanso malamulo adzikolo.

Kutengera ndi komwe mukukhala, njira yothetsa ukwati yomwe ingachitike ingafunike. Izi nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo kupempha pempholo ku khothi lakwawo, kuwona nthawi yodikirira, kupita kumilandu, ndikupereka chilolezo chololeza kusudzulana. Njira zalamulozi zitha kukhala zokwanira kuti chisudzulo cha Chisilamu chikhazikikenso ndi zachiSilamu.

Munjira iliyonse yachisilamu yothetsa ukwati, pali nthawi yodikira miyezi itatu chisanathe.

Nthawi Yodikirira (Iddat)
Pambuyo pa chisudzulo chothetsa chisudzulo, Chisilamu chimafuna nthawi yodikirira miyezi itatu (yotchedwa iddah) chisudzulo chisanafike.

Munthawi imeneyi, banjali limapitiliza kukhala pansi patsindwi limodzi koma limagona tulo. Izi zimapatsa banjali nthawi yocheza, kuwunika chibwenzicho ndipo mwina kuyanjananso. Nthawi zina zosankha zimachitika mwachangu komanso mokwiya, ndipo pambuyo pake mbali imodzi kapena zonse ziwiri zimatha kudzanong'oneza bondo. Nthawi yakudikirayi, mwamuna ndi mkazi ali omasuka kuyambiranso chibwenzi chawo nthawi ina iliyonse, kuthetsa kuthetsa banja popanda kufunika kwa mgwirizano watsopano.

Chifukwa china chodikirira ndi njira yodziwira ngati mkazi akuyembekezera mwana. Ngati mkazi ali ndi pakati, kudikirira kumapitilira mpaka atabereka mwana. Munthawi yonse yodikirira, mkazi ali ndi ufulu kukhalabe m'banjamo ndipo mwamunayo ali ndi udindo womuthandiza.

Ngati nthawi yodikirayo yatha popanda kuyanjanitsidwa, chisudzulo chimakhala chokwanira komanso chokwanira. Udindo wazachuma kwa mkazi umatha ndipo nthawi zambiri amabwerera kwawo. Komabe, mwamunayo akupitilizabe kukhala ndi udindo wosamalira ana onse kudzera pakulipira kwa ana nthawi zonse.

Wosamalira ana
Pakakhala chisudzulo, ana nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zotsatira zopweteka kwambiri. Lamulo la Chisilamu limaganizira zosowa zawo ndikuonetsetsa kuti akusamalidwa.

Thandizo lazachuma kwa ana onse, nthawi yaukwati ndi pambuyo pa chisudzulo, limakhala la bambo yekha. Uwu ndi ufulu wa ana kuposa abambo awo, ndipo makhothi ali ndi mphamvu yakuwongolera ndalama zothandizira ana ngati kuli kofunikira. Ndalamayi ndi yotseguka pakukambirana ndipo ikuyenera kukhala yogwirizana ndi zachuma za mwamunayo.

Korani imalangiza mwamuna ndi mkazi wake kuti azifunsanso chimodzimodzi za tsogolo la ana awo atasudzulana (2: 233). Vesili likuti ana akhanda omwe akuyamwitsa angapitilize kuyamwitsa mpaka makolo onse awiri agwirizane pakumaliza kuyamwa kudzera "kuvomerezana komanso upangiri". Mzimu uwu uyenera kufotokozera ubale uliwonse wa ubale.

Malamulo achiSilamu amati kusungidwa kwa ana kuyenera kuchitikira kwa Msilamu yemwe ali ndi thanzi labwino komanso wamaganizidwe ndipo amayenera kupatsidwa zosowa za ana. Olamulira angapo afotokoza malingaliro osiyanasiyana momwe izi zitha kuchitira. Ena atsimikiza kuti mayi amasungidwa ngati ali ndi zaka zinazake komanso kwa bambo ngati mwanayo ndi wamkulu. Ena amalola ana okalamba kunena zomwe amakonda. Mwambiri, zimadziwika kuti ana ndi atsikana amasamalidwa bwino ndi amayi.

Popeza kusiyana kwamalingaliro kumakhalapo pakati pa akatswiri achiSilamu pakusamalira ana, kusiyanasiyana mu malamulo apaderalo kupezeka. Mulimonsemo, komabe, chofunikira kwambiri ndikuti ana amasamaliridwa ndi kholo loyenera lomwe lingakwaniritse zosowa zawo zam'maganizo ndi zakuthupi.

Chisudzulo chimalizidwa
Pomaliza nthawi yodikirira, chisudzulo chimatsirizidwa. Ndikwabwino kuti banjali likhazikitse chisudzulo pamaso pa mboni ziwirizo, ndikuwona kuti mabanjawo akwaniritsa zonse zomwe akuchita. Pakadali pano, mkazi ali ndi ufulu kukwatiranso ngati akufuna.

Chisilamu chimalepheretsa Asilamu kuti asamaganize zosankha zawo, kumachita zachinyengo kapena kusiya mnzakeyo mu limbo. Koran imati: "Mukasudzula akazi ndikumaliza nthawi ya iddat yawo, mwina abwezeni pamilandu yoyenera kapena mumasuleni mokomera; koma musawabwezeretse kuti muwapweteke, (kapena) kuti muwapangire vuto ngati wina atero, moyo wawo ndi wolakwika ... "(Korani 2: 231) Chifukwa chake, Korani imalimbikitsa okwatirana kuti azithandizana wina ndi mnzake ndi kuthetsa ukwati m'njira oyera komanso osamala.

Ngati okwatirana aganiza kuti ayanjanenso, chisudzulo chikamalizidwa, ayenera kuyambanso ndi mgwirizano watsopano ndi kukwatirana kwatsopano (mahr). Popewa kuwononga ubale wa-yo-yo, pali malire oti kangati omwe okwatirana omwewo atha kukwatirana ndi kusudzulana. Ngati okwatirana asankha kukwatiwanso pambuyo pa chisudzulo, izi zitha kuchitidwa kawiri. Korani imati: "Banja liyenera kuperekedwa kawiri, chifukwa chake (mkazi) ayenera kusungidwa bwino kapena kumasulidwa ndichisomo." (Korani 2: 229)

Mabanja atatha ndi kukwatiranso kawiri, ngati awiriwo asankha kusudzulana, zikuonekeratu kuti banjali lili ndi vuto lalikulu! Chifukwa chake mchisilamu, atatha chisudzulo chachitatu, awiriwo sangakwatiwenso. Choyamba, mkazi ayenera kufunafuna zokwanira muukwati ndi mwamuna wina. Pokhapokha atasudzulana kapena wamasiye kuchokera kwa yemwe anakwatirana naye wachiwiriyu ndi pomwe zingakhale zotheka kuti iye athe kuyanjananso ndi mwamuna wake woyamba ngati iwo amasankha.

Izi zitha kuwoneka ngati lamulo lachilendo, koma zili ndi zolinga zazikulu ziwiri. Choyamba, mwamuna woyamba sangayambirenso kusudzulana kachitatu mosaganizira, podziwa kuti nkhaniyi ndi yosavomerezeka. Munthu atha kuchita mosamala mosamalitsa. Chachiwiri, zitha kukhala kuti awiriwa sikuti anali kungolankhulana bwino. Mkazi akhoza kupeza chisangalalo mu ukwati wina. Kapenanso atazindikira za ukwati ndi munthu wina, angathe kuzindikira kuti pambuyo pa zonse akufuna kuyanjananso ndi mwamuna wake woyamba.