Kodi nchifukwa ninji Abuda amapewa kukondana?
Mfundo yopanda kudziphatikiza ndi njira yothandizira kumvetsetsa ndi kuchita Buddhism, koma monga malingaliro ambiri mu malingaliro achipembedzo awa, ikhoza kusokoneza komanso kukhumudwitsa omwe abwera kumene.
Kuchita koteroko kumakhala kofala pakati pa anthu, makamaka kumadzulo, akayamba kufufuza Buddhism. Ngati nzeru iyi ikuyenera kukhala yokhudza chisangalalo, amadabwa, chifukwa chiyani zimatenga nthawi yayitali kuti moyo wadzala ndi mavuto (dukkha), kuti kusagwirizanitsa ndi cholinga komanso kuzindikira kuvutika (shunyata) ndi gawo kufikira kuunikiridwa?
Buddhism ndi malingaliro achisangalalo. Chimodzi mwazosokoneza pakati pa omwe abwera kumene ndikuti mfundo za Chibuda zimachokera mchilankhulo cha Sanskrit, mawu omwe nthawi zambiri samamasuliridwa Chingerezi. Chinanso ndikuti mawonekedwe amomwe akutchulidwa kwa Azungu ali osiyana kwambiri ndi chikhalidwe cha Kummawa.
Kutenga kofunikira: Mfundo yopanda kudziphatikiza pachikhulupiriro cha Buddha
Zowonadi zinayi zabwino kwambiri ndizo maziko a Buddhism. Adapulumutsidwa ndi Buddha ngati njira yopita ku nirvana, dziko losatha losangalala.
Ngakhale Zowona Zachidziwikire zimanena kuti moyo umavutika komanso kudziphatika ndi chimodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa kuvutika, mawu awa sakutanthauzira kolondola kwa mawu apachiSanskrit.
Mawu oti dukkha atanthauziridwa kuti "kusakhutira" m'malo movutika.
Palibe kutanthauzira kwenikweni kwa liwu loti upadana, komwe kumatchedwa kulumikizidwa. Lingaliro limatsindika kuti kufunitsitsa kuphatikiza zinthu ndizovuta, osati kuti muyenera kusiya chilichonse chomwe chimakondedwa.
Kupereka chinyengo komanso umbuli zomwe zimapereka umboni wofunitsitsa kudzipereka zingathandize kuthetsa mavuto. Izi zimatheka kudzera pa Noble Eightfold Path.
Kuti mumvetsetse lingaliro losakhala lophatikiza, muyenera kumvetsetsa malo ake mkati mwazomwe zimapangidwa ndi filosofi ya Buddha ndi machitidwe. Malo oyambira achi Buddha amadziwika kuti Zinayi Zachidziwitso Zachinayi.
Zoyambira Chibuda
Choonadi chopambana choyamba: moyo ndi "kuvutika"
Buddha adaphunzitsa kuti moyo monga momwe tikudziwira lero ndikudzaza, kutanthauzira kwa Chingerezi komwe kumakhala pafupi ndi liwu dukkha. Mawuwa ali ndi matanthauzidwe ambiri, kuphatikiza "kusakhutira", komwe mwina ndikutanthauzira kwabwino kwambiri kwa "kuvutika". Kunena kuti moyo ukuvutika m'lingaliro lachi Buddha kumatanthauza kunena kuti kulikonse komwe tikupita, timatsatiridwa ndikumveka kosamveka kuti zinthu sizikukwanira kwathunthu, sizolondola. Kuzindikirika kwa kusakhutira kumeneku ndikomwe Abuda amati chowonadi chopambana.
Ndizotheka kudziwa chifukwa chomwe avutikira kapena kusakhutira, komabe, ndikuchokera kumagwero atatu. Choyambirira, ndife osakhutitsidwa chifukwa sitimamvetsetsa zenizeni za zinthu. Chisokonezo ichi (avidya) nthawi zambiri chimamasuliridwa kuti umbuli, ndipo chofunikira chake ndikuti sitikuwona kulumikizana kwa zinthu zonse. Mwachitsanzo, ingoganizirani kuti pali "Ine" kapena "Ine" yemwe amapezeka mwaokha komanso mosiyana ndi zochitika zina zonse. Uku mwina ndi kusamvetsetsa kwapakati komwe kwadziwika ndi Buddha, ndipo ali ndi chifukwa chazifukwa ziwiri zotsatirazi zakusautsa.
Choonadi chodziwikiratu: Nazi zifukwa zomwe timavutikira
Zomwe timachita pakusamvetsetsa uku kudzipatula kwathu kudziko lapansi kumabweretsa chilumikizano / kudziphatika kapena chidani / chidani. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti mawu achi Sanskrit a lingaliro loyamba, upadana, alibe kutanthauzira kwenikweni kwa Chingerezi; tanthauzo lake lenileni ndi "chophatikiza", ngakhale nthawi zambiri chimamasuliridwa kukhala tanthauzo la "kudziphatikiza". Momwemonso, liwu la Sanskrit lotembenuza / kudana, devesha, lilibe matembenuzidwe enieni a Chingerezi. Pamodzi, zovuta zitatu izi - umbuli, kudziphatikiza / kudziphatika ndikusuntha - zimadziwika kuti Zisanu Zitatu ndipo kuzindikira kwawo kumapanga Choonadi Chachiwiri.
Choonadi chodziwikiratu: ndizotheka kuthetsa mavuto
Buddha adaphunzitsanso kuti ndizotheka kuti musavutike. Izi ndizofunikira pakukhulupirira kwachi Buddha kosangalatsa: kuzindikira kuti kutha kwa dukkha ndikotheka. Izi zimatheka posiya chinyengo ndi kusazindikira komwe kumadyetsa zomwe zimakonda Kuchotsa kuvutika kumeneku kumakhala ndi dzina lodziwika kwa pafupifupi aliyense: nirvana.
Choonadi chachinayi: iyi ndiyo njira yothetsera mavuto
Pomaliza, Buddha adamuphunzitsa malamulo ndi njira zingapo kuti asunthire kuchoka ku mkhalidwe wakusazindikira / kudziphatika / kudana (dukkha) kupita kumalo achisangalalo / chokhutira (nirvana). Mwa njira ndi njira yotchuka ya Eight-Fold Path, njira zingapo zoyendetsera moyo, zomwe zidapangidwa kuti zizisuntha akatswiri panjira yopita ku nirvana.
Mfundo yopanda kudziphatikiza
Kupanda kudziphatikiza, motero, ndi njira yothetsera vuto lakelo / yolumikizidwa yomwe idafotokozedwa mu Mfundo Yachiwiri ya Noble. Ngati kudziphatika / kudziphatikiza ndi gawo lopeza moyo wosakhutiritsa, ndizomveka kuti kusagwirizanitsa ndi chikhalidwe chomwe chimapangitsa kuti moyo ukhale wosangalatsa, chikhalidwe cha nirvana.
Ndikofunika kudziwa, komabe, kuti upangiri wa Buddha sikuti uchotse kwa anthu m'moyo kapena zokumana nazo, koma kungodziwa za kusagwirizana komwe kumakhala koyambirira. Uku ndikusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa Buddha ndi zikhulupiriro zina zachipembedzo. Pomwe zipembedzo zina zimayesetsa kukwaniritsa mtundu wina wachisomo chifukwa chogwira ntchito molimbika komanso kukana ntchito mwachangu, Chibuda chimauphunzitsa kuti ndife osangalala kwambiri ndikuti kungosiya ndi kusiya zizolowezi zathu zolakwika ndi malingaliro kuti tikwaniritse zofunikira. Buddahood yomwe ili mkati mwathu tonse.
Tikakana chinyengo chokhala ndi "Ine" chomwe chimapezeka padera komanso mosadalira anthu ena ndi zochitika, timazindikira mwadzidzidzi kuti palibe chifukwa chodzivutikira tokha, chifukwa takhala tikulumikizidwa nthawi zonse ndi zinthu zonse.
Mphunzitsi wa Zen a John Daido Loori akuti kusalumikizana kuyenera kumvetsedwa ngati mgwirizano ndi zinthu zonse:
"[A] malinga ndi lingaliro la Abuddha, kusakonda kudzipatula kuli kosiyana kwambiri ndi kudzipatula. Kuti mukhale ndi zolumikizana muyenera zinthu ziwiri: chinthu chomwe mumalakalaka ndi munthu amene akuukira. Popanda kudziphatikiza mbali inayo, pali mgwirizano. Pali umodzi chifukwa palibe chomwe ungagwirizane nacho. Ngati mwalumikizana ndi chilengedwe chonse, palibe chilichonse kunja kwa inu, kotero lingaliro lakudziphatika limakhala lopanda tanthauzo. Ndani angamatirire? "
Kukhala osalumikizidwa kumatanthauza kuti timazindikira kuti sipanakhalepo chilichonse cholumikizira kapena kumamatira koyamba. Ndipo kwa iwo omwe angazindikire zenizeni, ndi mkhalidwe wachisangalalo.