Kodi tingapeze njira yopita kwa Mulungu?

Kusaka mayankho amafunso akulu kwapangitsa kuti anthu apange malingaliro ndi malingaliro okhudzana ndi kukhalapo kwachilengedwe. Metaphysics ndi gawo la nzeru zomwe zimakhudzana ndi malingaliro osadziwika monga tanthauzo la kukhala, kudziwa zina ndi zomwe zimadziwika.

Malingaliro ena abwera palimodzi kuti apange malingaliro apadziko lonse omwe amakhala odziwika ndikudziwonetsera mkalasi, zaluso, zoyimba komanso zokambirana zaumulungu. Gulu limodzi lotere lomwe lidakopeka m'zaka za zana la 19 linali gulu la transcendentalist.

Mfundo zazikuluzikulu za filosofiyi zinali zakuti umulungu uli m'chilengedwe chonse ndi umunthu, ndipo umagogomezera kuwona kwakanthawi. Zina mwazinthu zazikulu zaluso za m'zaka za zana lino zidachokera pagulu lanthanthi ili. Transcendentalism ndi kayendetsedwe kofotokozedwera ndi chilengedwe, kutsindika zaumwini, komanso lingaliro labwino pamunthu.

Ngakhale pali zina zomwe zikugwirizana ndi zikhulupiliro zachikhristu ndipo luso la gululi lapereka mwayi kwa zaluso, zikoka zake zakummawa ndi malingaliro osakhulupirika zikutanthauza kuti malingaliro ambiri mgululi samagwirizana ndi Baibulo.

Kodi transcendentalism ndi chiyani?
Gulu loyenda mosadukiza lidayamba mwakhama ngati sukulu yamalingaliro ku Cambridge, Massachusetts, monga nzeru yokhudzana ndi ubale wa munthuyo ndi Mulungu kudzera mdziko lapansi; ndiwofanana kwambiri ndipo adalemba malingaliro ake kuchokera pagulu lokondana lomwe likuchitika ku Europe. Gulu laling'ono la oganiza bwino lidapanga Transcendental Club mu 1836 ndikuyika maziko a gululi.

Amunawa anaphatikizapo a Ministers Minerals George Putnam ndi Frederic Henry Hedge, komanso wolemba ndakatulo Ralph Waldo Emerson. Inayang'ana pa munthu yemwe amapeza Mulungu panjira yawo, kudzera m'chilengedwe ndi kukongola. Panali maluwa ndi luso; zojambula malo ndi ndakatulo zodziwikiratu zimatanthauzira nthawiyo.

Opitilira muyeso awa amakhulupirira kuti munthu aliyense amakhala bwino ndi mabungwe ochepa omwe amasokoneza munthu wachilengedwe. Munthu akamadzidalira kwambiri kuchokera ku boma, mabungwe, zipembedzo kapena ndale, amakhala membala wa gulu. Pakati pa kudzikonda, palinso lingaliro la Over-Soul lotchulidwa ndi Emerson, lingaliro loti anthu onse ndi gawo la munthu.

Ambiri opitilira muyeso amakhulupirira kuti umunthu ukhoza kukwaniritsa utopia, gulu langwiro. Ena amakhulupirira kuti njira yokomera anthu anzawo itha kukwaniritsa malotowa, pomwe ena amakhulupirira kuti gulu lodzikonda lingachite izi. Zonsezi zidazikidwa pachikhulupiriro choti umunthu umakhala wabwino. Kusungidwa kwa kukongola kwachilengedwe, monga madera akumidzi ndi nkhalango, kunali kofunikira kwa opitilira muyeso pomwe mizinda ndi kutukuka kwachuma kumakulirakulira. Maulendo akunja achilendo adakulirakulira ndipo lingaliro loti munthu atha kupeza Mulungu mokongola lidadziwika kwambiri.

Ambiri mwa mamembala amakalabu anali A-Listers m'masiku awo; olemba, olemba ndakatulo, okonda zachikazi komanso anzeru adatsata malingaliro amgululi. A Henry David Thoreau ndi Margaret Fuller adalandira gululi. Mlembi wa Little Women Louisa May Alcott adavomereza kuti Transcendentalism, kutsatira makolo ake komanso wolemba ndakatulo Amos Alcott. Wolemba nyimbo uSamuel Longfellow adalandiranso nthanthi iyi kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19.

Kodi malingaliro awa amaganiza bwanji za Mulungu?
Chifukwa chakuti opitilira muyeso adatengera kuganiza kwaulere komanso malingaliro amunthu payekha, panalibe lingaliro logwirizana lonena za Mulungu Monga zikuwonetsedwa ndi mndandanda wamaganizidwe odziwika, anthu osiyanasiyana anali ndi malingaliro osiyanasiyana ponena za Mulungu.

Njira imodzi yomwe opanga ma transcendentalist amavomerezana ndi akhristu achipulotesitanti ndichikhulupiriro chawo kuti munthu safuna mkhalapakati kuti alankhule ndi Mulungu Chimodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri pakati pa mpingo wa Katolika ndi mipingo ya Reformation chinali sagwirizana kuti wansembe amafunika kupembedzera m'malo mwa ochimwa kuti machimo akhululukidwe. Komabe, gululi lapititsa patsogolo lingaliro ili, ndi okhulupirira ambiri kuti tchalitchi, abusa, ndi atsogoleri ena azipembedzo zina akhoza kulepheretsa, m'malo molimbikitsa, kumvetsetsa kapena Mulungu. pazomwe amatha kuzindikira m'chilengedwe.

Maganizo awa amagwirizana kwambiri ndi Mpingo wa Unitarian, womwe umakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi iwo.

Pamene mpingo wa Unitarian wakula kuchokera ku gulu la Transcendentalist, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa zomwe amakhulupirira za Mulungu ku America panthawiyo. Chimodzi mwaziphunzitso zazikulu za Unitarianism, komanso mamembala ambiri achipembedzo a Transcendentalists, chinali chakuti Mulungu ndi m'modzi, osati Utatu. Yesu Khristu ndiye Mpulumutsi, koma wowuziridwa ndi Mulungu osati Mwana - Mulungu athupi. Lingaliro limeneli limatsutsana ndi zomwe Baibulo limanena zokhudza chikhalidwe cha Mulungu; "Pachiyambi panali Mawu, ndipo Mawu anali ndi Mulungu, ndipo Mawu anali Mulungu. Pachiyambi anali ndi Mulungu. Zonse zinalengedwa mwa Iye; zachitika. 4 Mwa iye munali moyo, ndipo moyowo unali kuunika kwa anthu. Kuwalako kunawala mumdima, ndipo mdimawo sunakuzindikire. ”(Yohane 1: 1-5).

Ndizosiyananso ndi zomwe Yesu Khristu adadzinenera za Iye pamene adadzipatsa yekha dzina la "INE NDINE" mu Yohane 8, kapena pomwe anati, "Ine ndi Atate ndife amodzi" (Yohane 10:30). Tchalitchi cha Unitarian chimakana zonena izi ngati zophiphiritsira. Palinso kukana kusalakwa kwa Baibulo. Chifukwa cha chikhulupiriro chawo, anthu osagwirizana ndi Mulungu panthawiyo, komanso a Transcendentalists, adakana lingaliro la tchimo loyambirira, ngakhale zili mu Genesis 3.

Opitilira muyeso adasakaniza zikhulupiriro izi zogwirizana ndi nzeru za Kummawa. Emerson anauziridwa ndi mawu achihindu a Bhagavat Geeta. Nthano zaku Asia zidasindikizidwa m'manyuzipepala a transcendentalist ndi zolemba zofananira. Kusinkhasinkha ndi malingaliro monga karma akhala gawo la kayendetsedwe kake pakapita nthawi. Kuyang'ana kwachilengedwe kwa Mulungu mwina kudalimbikitsidwa ndi kukonda kwachipembedzo chakum'mawa.

Kodi transcendentalism ndi ya m'Baibulo?
Ngakhale anali ndi mphamvu zakum'mawa, a Transcendentalists sanalakwitse konse kuti chilengedwe chikuwonetsa Mulungu. Mtumwi Paulo analemba kuti: "Chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zosaoneka, ndiye mphamvu yake yosatha ndi umulungu wake, chidziwike, kuyambira pachiyambi cha dziko lapansi, m'zinthu zomwe zidapangidwa. Kotero ndilibe chowiringula ”(Aroma 1:20). Sikulakwa kunena kuti munthu amatha kuwona Mulungu m'chilengedwe, koma wina sayenera kumupembedza, komanso sayenera kukhala gwero lokhalo lodziwa Mulungu.

Pomwe ena opitilira muyeso amakhulupirira kuti chipulumutso kuchokera kwa Yesu Khristu ndichofunikira pakupulumutsidwa, sikuti onse adatero. Popita nthawi, malingaliro awa ayamba kuvomereza chikhulupiriro chakuti anthu abwino atha kupita Kumwamba, ngati amakhulupirira moona mtima chipembedzo chomwe chimawalimbikitsa kuti akhale amakhalidwe abwino. Komabe, Yesu anati: “Ine ndine njira, choonadi ndi moyo. Palibe munthu adza kwa Atate, koma mwa Ine ”(Yohane 14: 6). Njira yokhayo yopulumutsidwa ku uchimo ndikukhala ndi Mulungu kwamuyaya kumwamba ndi kudzera mwa Yesu Khristu.

Kodi anthu ndi abwino?
Chimodzi mwazikhulupiriro zazikulu za Transcendentalism ndichabwino kwa munthuyo, kuti amatha kuthana ndi chibadwa chake ndikuti umunthu ukhoza kukhala wangwiro pakapita nthawi. Ngati anthu ali abwino, ngati anthu onse atha kuthana ndi zoyipa - kaya kusowa maphunziro, kufunika kwa ndalama kapena vuto lina - anthu azichita bwino ndipo anthu amatha kukhala angwiro. Baibulo siligwirizana ndi chikhulupiriro chimenechi.

Mavesi onena za kuipa kwa chibadwa cha anthu ndi awa:

- Aroma 3:23 "Pakuti onse anachimwa, naperewera pa ulemerero wa Mulungu".

- Aroma 3: 10-12 "monga kwalembedwa," Palibe m'modzi wolungama, inde palibe m'modzi; palibe amene amamvetsa; palibe amene amafunafuna Mulungu, aliyense watembenuka; pamodzi asanduka opanda pake; Palibe amene achita zabwino, ngakhale m'modzi yekha. "

- Mlaliki 7:20 "Palibe munthu wolungama pansi pano amene achita zabwino osachimwa."

- Yesaya 53: 6 “Tonse tasochera ngati nkhosa; tatembenuka - yense - m'njira yake; ndipo Yehova anaika pa iye mphulupulu ya ife tonse ”.

Ngakhale kudzoza kwakumaluso komwe kunabwera kuchokera mgululi, a Transcendentalists sanamvetsetse zoyipa za mtima wamunthu. Pofotokozera anthu kuti ndi abwino mwachilengedwe komanso kuti zoyipa zimakula mumtima wa munthu chifukwa chakuthupi ndipo zitha kukonzedwa ndi anthu, zimapangitsa Mulungu kukhala kampasi yowongolera yaubwino osati gwero lamakhalidwe ndi chiombolo.

Ngakhale chiphunzitso chachipembedzo cha transcendentalism chiribe chizindikiro cha chiphunzitso chofunikira chachikhristu, chimalimbikitsa anthu kuti azikhala ndi nthawi yolingalira momwe Mulungu amawonetsera padziko lapansi, kusangalala ndi chilengedwe, ndikutsata zaluso ndi kukongola. Izi ndi zinthu zabwino ndipo, "... zilizonse zowona, zilizonse zolemekezeka, zilizonse zolondola, zilizonse zoyera, zilizonse zokongola, zilizonse zosiririka - kaya china chake ndichabwino kapena chotamandika - ganizirani izi zinthu ”(Afilipi 4: 8).

Sikulakwa kutsatira zaluso, kusangalala ndi chilengedwe ndikufuna kudziwa Mulungu m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Malingaliro atsopano ayenera kuyesedwa motsutsana ndi Mawu a Mulungu ndipo osavomerezedwa chifukwa chatsopano. Transcendentalism yakhazikitsa chikhalidwe cha ku America kwazaka zana ndikupanga zaluso zambirimbiri, koma yayesetsa kuthandiza anthu kuthana ndi zosowa zawo za Mpulumutsi ndipo pamapeto pake sangalowe m'malo mwa ubale weniweni. ndi Yesu Khristu.