Malingaliro Achibuda pamikangano yokhudza kuchotsa mimba

United States yalimbana ndi vuto lochotsa mimbayo kwa zaka zambiri osagwirizana. Tikufuna mawonekedwe atsopano, malingaliro achi Buddha pankhani yokhudza kuchotsa mimbayo atha kupereka imodzi.

Chibuda chimawona kuti kuchotsa mimba ngati kutenga moyo wa munthu. Nthawi yomweyo, Abuda nthawi zambiri amakhala osayang'ana kumbuyo ndikusankha kwa mayi kuti athetse pakati. Buddhism imatha kuletsa kuchotsa mimba, komanso imalepheretsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa malingaliro okhwima pamakhalidwe.

Izi zitha kuwoneka ngati zotsutsana. Pa chikhalidwe chathu, ambiri amaganiza kuti ngati china chake chili cholakwika ayenera kuletsedwa. Komabe, lingaliro la Abuda ndikuti kutsatira mosamalitsa malamulowo si zomwe zimatipangitsa kukhala ndi chikhalidwe. Kuphatikiza apo, kukhazikitsidwa kwa malamulo ovomerezeka nthawi zambiri kumapangitsa kuti pakhale zolakwika zatsopano.

Nanga bwanji za ufulu?
Choyamba, malingaliro a Abuddha pochotsa mimba sakhala ndi lingaliro la ufulu, kapena "ufulu wokhala ndi moyo" kapena "ufulu wokhala ndi thupi lake lomwe". Mwa zina izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti Buddha ndi chipembedzo chakale kwambiri ndipo lingaliro la ufulu wa anthu ndilaposachedwa. Komabe, kuthana ndi kuchotsa mimba ngati nkhani yosavuta ya "ufulu" sikuwoneka kuti ukutifikitsa kulikonse.

"Ufulu" amatanthauziridwa ndi Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy monga "ufulu (osati) kuchita zinthu zina kapena kukhala m'maiko ena, kapena ufulu womwe ena (osati) amachita zina kapena kukhala m'maiko ena". Munkhaniyi, ufulu umakhala khadi yopambana yomwe, ikaseweredwa, imagwira dzanja ndikutseka chidziwitso chinanso. Komabe, olimbikitsa kukhwimitsa khamulo movomerezeka amakhulupilira kuti khadi yawo yopambana imenya kadi yomwe winayo awina. Chifukwa chake palibe chomwe chimathetsedwa.

Kodi moyo umayamba liti?
Asayansi amatiuza kuti moyo unayambira pa dziko lapansi pafupifupi zaka 4 biliyoni zapitazo ndipo kuchokera nthawi imeneyo moyo wadziwonetsa mumitundu yosiyanasiyana kuposa momwe ungawerengere. Koma palibe amene adawona "pa chiyambi". Zinthu zamoyo ndife mawonekedwe a zosasunthika zomwe zakhala zaka 4 biliyoni, kubwera kapena kupitilira. Kwa ine "Moyo umayamba liti?" ndi funso lopanda tanthauzo.

Ndipo ngati mukumvetsetsa nokha ngati kukwaniritsidwa kwa zaka 4 biliyoni, ndiye kuti kuzindikira ndi kofunika kwambiri kuposa nthawi yomwe agogo anu adakumana ndi agogo anu? Kodi pali mphindi m'zaka 4 biliyoni zomwe zimasiyanadi ndi nthawi zina zonse komanso kuphatikizanso ma cell ndi magawano kuyambira macromolecule oyamba mpaka pachiyambi cha moyo, poganiza kuti moyo unayamba?

Mungafunse: Bwanji za moyo waumwini? Chimodzi mwaziphunzitso zoyambirira, zofunika kwambiri komanso zovuta kwambiri za Chibuda ndizomwe zimatsogolera kapena anatta - palibe mzimu. ChiBuddha chimaphunzitsa kuti matupi athu sakhala ndi chinthu chodabwitsa komanso kuti kulimbikira kwathu kuti tidzipatula kuzinthu zakuthambo ndizabodza.

Mvetsetsani kuti izi siziphunzitso zachilendo. Buddha adatiphunzitsa kuti ngati titha kuwona kudzera m'mabodza aanthu wamba, timazindikira "Ine" wopanda malire yemwe sagawidwe ndi kubadwa.

Kodi Munthu Wotani?
Zigamulo zathu pazinthu zimadalira kwambiri momwe timawerengera. Pa chikhalidwe cha Azungu, tikutanthauza anthu pawokha ngati zigawenga. Zipembedzo zambiri zimaphunzitsa kuti magawo amodzi odziyang'anira okha ndi omwe ali ndi mzimu.

Malinga ndi chiphunzitso cha Anatman, zomwe timaganiza kuti ndife "tokha" ndizopangidwe zosakhalitsa za skandhas. Skandhas ndi mawonekedwe - mawonekedwe, mphamvu, kuzindikira, kusala, kuzindikira - zomwe zimabwera palimodzi ndikupanga cholengedwa chamoyo.

Popeza palibe mzimu woti ungasunthike kuchoka ku thupi limodzi kupita ku lina, palibe "kubadwanso mwatsopano" mwa lingaliro wamba la mawu. Kubadwanso kumachitika pomwe karma yopangidwa ndi moyo umodzi wakale imadutsa kupita ku moyo wina. Masukulu ambiri a Buddha amaphunzitsa kuti kutenga pakati ndiko chiyambi cha kubadwanso mwatsopano ndipo motero kumayambira moyo wa munthu.

Lamulo loyamba
Lamulo loyamba la Buddha nthawi zambiri limamasuliridwa "Ndikulonjeza kukana kuwononga moyo". Sukulu zina za Chibuda zimasiyanitsa nyama ndi mbewu, ena satero. Ngakhale moyo wamunthu ndi wofunikira kwambiri, malamulowo amatichenjeza kuti tipewe moyo pazinthu zilizonse zosawoneka.

Tanena izi, palibe kukayikira kuti kuthetsa mimba ndi vuto lalikulu kwambiri. Kuchotsa mimba kumaganiziridwa kuti kumatenga moyo wamunthu ndipo kumakhumudwitsidwa kwambiri ndi ziphunzitso za Buddha.

Chibuda chimatiphunzitsa kuti tisakakamize malingaliro athu kwa ena komanso kuti tizimvera chisoni anthu omwe akukumana ndi zovuta. Ngakhale mayiko ena achi Buddha, monga Thailand, amalamula kuti azichotsa malamulo, Abuda ambiri saganiza kuti boma liyenera kulowererapo pankhani za chikumbumtima.

Njira yachi Buddha pamakhalidwe
Chibuda sichimayandikira pamakhalidwe pakugawa malamulo oyenera kutsatiridwa munthawi zonse. M'malo mwake, imapereka chitsogozo chotithandiza kuwona momwe zomwe timachita zimawakhudzira ife eni komanso anthu ena. Karma yomwe timapanga ndimalingaliro athu, mawu ndi zochita zimatipangitsa kuti tizikhala ndi zifukwa zoyenera kuchitira zinthu. Chifukwa chake, timatenga udindo pazomwe timachita komanso zotsatira za zomwe timachita. Ngakhale zomwe tatchulazi si malamulo, koma mfundo, ndipo zili kwa ife kusankha momwe tingagwiritsire ntchito mfundozi m'miyoyo yathu.

Karma Lekshe Tsomo, pulofesa wa zaumulungu komanso sisitere wa miyambo yachi Buddha ya ku Tibet, akufotokoza:

"Palibe chilichonse chotsimikizika m'chipembedzo chachi Buddha ndipo zimadziwika kuti kusankha zoyenera kuchita kumakhudzanso zifukwa zingapo. "Buddhism" imakhala ndi zikhulupiriro zambiri ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana ndipo malembedwe ovomerezeka amasiya malo omasulira ambiri. Zonsezi zimakhazikika pa lingaliro la kufunikira ndipo anthu amalimbikitsidwa kupenda mosamalitsa mavuto omwewo ... Pakupanga zisankho zamakhalidwe, anthu amalangizidwa kuti apende zolinga zawo - kaya ndi mkwiyo, kudzipatula, umbuli, nzeru kapena chifundo - ndikuwunika zomwe adachita polemekeza ziphunzitso za Buddha. "

Kodi cholakwika ndi mitheradi ya makhalidwe ndi chiyani?
Chikhalidwe chathu chimapindula kwambiri ndi china chake chotchedwa "kumveka bwino kwamakhalidwe". Kulongosoka kwamakhalidwe sikumafotokozedwa kawirikawiri, koma kungatanthauzenso kunyalanyaza magawo omwe asokonezeka a zovuta zaumoyo kuti malamulo osavuta komanso okhazikika athe kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti awathetse. Ngati mumaganizira mbali zonse za vuto, mumakhala pachiwopsezo chosadziwika.

Owunikira zamakhalidwe amakonda kukonzanso mavuto onse amakhalidwe abwino kukhala magawo ophweka a chabwino ndi cholakwika, chabwino ndi choyipa. Amaganiza kuti vuto litha kukhala ndi magawo awiri okha komanso kuti gawo limodzi liyenera kukhala lolondola pomwe gawo linalo ndilolakwika. Mavuto ovuta amapangidwa mosavuta, osavuta komanso otambidwa pazinthu zonse zosinthika kuti azisinthira mabokosi "oyenera" ndi "olakwika".

Kwa Buddha, iyi ndi njira yachinyengo komanso yopanda tanthauzo yofikira pamakhalidwe.

Pankhani yochotsa mimbayo, anthu omwe amatenga nawo mbali nthawi zambiri samadzudzula nkhawa za gulu lina lililonse. Mwachitsanzo, m'mabuku ambiri omwe amaletsa kuchotsa mimba azimayi omwe amachotsa mimba amawonetsedwa ngati odzikonda kapena osasamala, kapena nthawi zina amakhala achinyengo. Mavuto enieni omwe mimbayo ikhoza kubweretsa m'moyo wa mayi sadziwika. Akakhalidwe nthawi zina amakambirana maimelo, kutenga pakati komanso kuchotsa mimba osatchula akazi konse. Nthawi yomweyo, iwo amene amalola kuchotsa mimba mwalamulo nthawi zina amalephera kuzindikira umunthu wa mwana wosabadwa.

Zipatso za undalama
Ngakhale Chibuda sichimaletsa kuchotsa mimbayo, tikuwona kuti Kuchotsa Mimba kumabweretsa mavuto ambiri. Alan Guttmacher Institute imalemba kuti kupha anthu milandu yochotsa mimbayo sikumaletsa kapena ngakhale kuichepetsa. M'malo mwake, kuchotsa mimba kumachitika mobisa ndipo kumachitika mosatetezeka.

Pokhumudwa, azimayi amachita njira zosavomerezeka. Amamwa bulitchi kapena turpentine, amadziboola ndodo ndi mahang'ala ndipo amatha kulumpha kuchokera padenga. Padziko lonse lapansi, njira zosavomerezeka zakuchotsa mimba zimaphetsa azimayi pafupifupi 67.000 pachaka, makamaka m'maiko omwe kuchotsa mimbayo nkosaloledwa.

Iwo omwe ali ndi "chidziwitso chabwino" akhoza kunyalanyaza mavutowa. Wabuda sangatero. M'bukhu lake la The Mind of Clover: Essays in Zen Buddhist Ethics, a Robert Aitken Roshi anati (p.17): "Malo osiyanitsa chilichonse, ukakhala kwayekha, sufotokozeratu chilichonse chokhudza anthu. Ziphunzitso, kuphatikiza Buddhism, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. kwa iwo omwe amadzipha, chifukwa atigwiritsa ntchito ".

Njira ya Abuda
Chigwirizano chomwe chili pakati ponse pakati pa mfundo za Abuda kuti njira yabwino yothetsera nkhani yochotsa mimba ndi kuphunzitsa anthu za njira zakulera ndikuwalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito njira zakulera. Kupatula apo, monga a Karma Lekshe Tsomo alemba,

"Mapeto, Abuda ambiri amazindikira kusagwirizana komwe kumakhalapo pakati pa chiphunzitso choyenera ndi machitidwe enieni ndipo, ngakhale samakhululuka kutenga moyo, amathandizira kumvetsetsa ndi kuchitira chifundo zolengedwa zonse, kukoma mtima komwe sikumvera amaweruza ndikulemekeza ufulu ndi ufulu wa anthu kuti apange zisankho zawo ".