St. John Chrysostom, Woyera wa tsiku la 13 Seputembara

(c. 349 - Seputembara 14, 407)

Nkhani ya St. John Chrysostom
Kusamvetseka ndi chidwi zomwe zidazungulira Yohane, mlaliki wamkulu (dzina lake limatanthauza "ndi pakamwa wagolide") wa ku Antiyokeya, ndizodziwika mmoyo wa munthu aliyense wamkulu mumzinda waukulu. Atamubweretsa ku Constantinople pambuyo pa zaka khumi ndi ziwiri akugwira ntchito yaunsembe ku Syria, John adadzipeza yekha wosakhudzidwa ndi chiwembu chachifumu chomusankha kukhala bishopu mumzinda waukulu kwambiri muufumuwo. Wodzikweza, wosachita chidwi koma wolemekezeka komanso wobvutika ndi matenda am'mimba m'masiku ake mchipululu ngati monk, John adakhala bishopu pansi paukadaulo wandale zachifumu.

Ngati thupi lake linali lofooka, lilime lake linali lamphamvu. Zomwe anali mu ulaliki wake, kufotokoza kwake kwa Lemba, sizinali zopanda tanthauzo. Nthawi zina mfundoyi idakweza kwambiri komanso yamphamvu. Maulaliki ena amatenga maola awiri.

Khalidwe lake kukhothi lachifumu silinayamikiridwe ndi oyang'anira milandu ambiri. Anapereka tebulo lochepa kwa abepistopal osinkhasinkha mozungulira chifukwa chokomera achifumu komanso atchalitchi. A John adanyansidwa ndi malamulo amkhothi omwe adamupatsa mwayi wopita pamaso pa akuluakulu aboma. Iye sakanakhala munthu wosungidwa.

Khama lake lidamupangitsa kuchitapo kanthu mwanzeru. Ma episkopi omwe adalowa maudindo achotsedwa pa ntchito. Maulaliki ake ambiri amalimbikitsa njira zenizeni zogawana chuma ndi osauka. Olemera sanayamikire kumva kuchokera kwa John kuti katundu wawo walipo chifukwa chakugwa kwa Adam ndi chisomo, monganso momwe amuna okwatirana samakondera kumva kuti ali omangika ku ukwati monganso akazi awo. Pankhani yokhudza chilungamo ndi zachifundo, John sanazindikire miyezo iwiri.

Wokhala wolimba, wolimbikira, wolankhula, makamaka akakhala wokondwa papulatifomu, John anali wotsimikizika wotsutsidwa komanso mavuto amunthu. Anamuimba mlandu wodziyesa mobisa pa vinyo wabwino komanso zakudya zabwino. Kukhulupirika kwake monga woyang'anira mwauzimu kwa wamasiye wolemera, Olympia, kudadzetsa miseche yambiri poyesa kumuwonetsa ngati wachinyengo pankhani yazachuma ndi kudzisunga. Zomwe adachita motsutsana ndi mabishopu osayenera ku Asia Minor zidawonedwa ndi atsogoleri ena achipembedzo ngati kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu zake mwadyera komanso kosagwirizana ndi malamulo.

Theophilus, Bishopu Wamkulu wa ku Alexandria, ndi Mfumukazi Eudoxia anali ofunitsitsa kunyoza John. Theophilus adawopa kufunika kwa bishopu waku Constantinople ndipo adagwiritsa ntchito izi pomutsutsa John kuti amalimbikitsa mpatuko. Theophilus ndi mabishopu ena okwiya adathandizidwa ndi Eudoxia. Mfumukaziyi idanyansidwa ndi maulaliki ake omwe amasiyanitsa zofunikira za Uthenga Wabwino ndi zochulukirapo pamoyo wamakhothi achifumu. Kaya anakonda kapena ayi, maulaliki onena za Yezebeli wonyansa komanso zoyipa za Herodiya adalumikizidwa ndi mfumukaziyi, yomwe pamapeto pake idakwanitsa kutenga Yohane. Adamwalira ku ukapolo mu 407.

Kulingalira
Kulalikira kwa a John Chrysostom, m'mawu ndi mchitsanzo, ndi chitsanzo cha ntchito ya mneneri potonthoza ovutika komanso kuzunza omwe ali omasuka. Chifukwa cha kuwona mtima kwake komanso kulimba mtima, adalipira mtengo wantchito yovuta ngati bishopu, kunyoza komanso kuthamangitsidwa kwawo.