Woyera John Henry Newman, Woyera watsiku la Seputembara 24
(21 February 1801 - 11 Ogasiti 1890)
Nkhani ya St John Henry Newman
John Henry Newman, wophunzira zaumulungu wamkulu wachingelezi wolankhula Chingerezi wa Roma Katolika wazaka za zana la XNUMX, adakhala gawo loyambirira la moyo wake ngati Anglican ndipo theka lachiwiri ngati Roma Katolika. Anali wansembe, mlaliki wotchuka, wolemba komanso wazamulungu wodziwika m'matchalitchi onsewa.
Wobadwira ku London, England, adaphunzira ku Trinity College ku Oxford, anali mphunzitsi ku Oriel College ndipo kwa zaka 17 anali wolowa m'malo mwa mpingo waku yunivesite, St. Mary the Virgin. Pambuyo pake adasindikiza mabuku asanu ndi atatu a Parochial and Plain Sermons, komanso mabuku awiri. Ndakatulo yake, "Loto la Gerontius", idayimbidwa ndi Sir Edward Elgar.
Pambuyo pa 1833, Newman anali membala wodziwika wa gulu la Oxford, lomwe limatsindika za ngongole za Tchalitchi kwa Abambo a Tchalitchi ndikutsutsa chizolowezi chilichonse chowona chowonadi kukhala chokhazikika.
Kafukufuku wakale adapangitsa Newman kukayikira kuti Tchalitchi cha Roma Katolika chimayendera limodzi ndi Tchalitchi chomwe Yesu adakhazikitsa. Mu 1845 adalandiridwa mgonero wathunthu ngati Katolika. Patadutsa zaka ziwiri adasankhidwa kukhala wansembe wachikatolika ku Roma ndipo adakhala gawo la Mpingo wa Oratory, womwe udakhazikitsidwa zaka mazana atatu m'mbuyomu ndi San Filippo Neri. Atabwerera ku England, Newman adakhazikitsa nyumba za Oratory ku Birmingham ndi London ndipo anali woyang'anira wa Catholic University of Ireland kwa zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri.
Pamaso pa Newman, zamulungu zachikatolika zinkanyalanyaza mbiriyakale, m'malo mwake zimangotengera zolemba zoyambirira, monga momwe ma geometry amathandizira. Pambuyo pa Newman, zomwe okhulupilira adakumana nazo zidadziwika kuti ndi gawo lofunikira pakuwunikira zamulungu.
Pambuyo pake Newman adalemba mabuku 40 ndi makalata 21.000 omwe adatsalira. Odziwika kwambiri ndi buku lake buku la Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine, On Consulting the Faithful in Matters of Doctrine, Apologia Pro Vita Sua - mbiri yake yauzimu mpaka 1864 - ndi Essay on the Grammar of Assent. Adavomereza chiphunzitso cha Vatican I chokhudza kuperewera kwa apapa ndipo adazindikira zoperewera, zomwe anthu ambiri omwe amakondera tanthauzo limeneli sankafuna kuchita.
Newman atasankhidwa kukhala Kadinala mu 1879, adatenga mutu wake "Cor ad cor loquitur" - "Mtima umalankhula ndi mtima". Adaikidwa m'manda ku Rednal zaka 11 pambuyo pake. Manda ake atatulutsidwa mu 2008, manda atsopano adakonzedwa kutchalitchi cha Birmingham Oratory.
Zaka zitatu atamwalira Newman, Newman Club ya ophunzira achikatolika idayamba ku University of Pennsylvania ku Philadelphia. Popita nthawi, dzina lake limalumikizidwa ndi malo otumikira m'makoleji aboma ambiri komanso wamba komanso mayunivesite ku United States.
Mu 2010, Papa Benedict XVI adalimbikitsa Newman ku London. A Benedict adazindikira kutsindika kwa Newman pantchito yofunika kwambiri yachipembedzo chodziwikiratu, koma adayamikiranso changu chake chaubusa kwa odwala, osauka, ofedwa komanso omwe ali mndende. Papa Francis adakhazikitsa Newman mu Okutobala 2019. Phwando lazachipembedzo la St. John Henry Newman ndi Okutobala 9.
Kulingalira
A John Henry Newman amatchedwa "bambo wosakhalapo wa Vatican II" chifukwa zolemba zawo zokhudza chikumbumtima, ufulu wachipembedzo, Lemba, ntchito ya anthu wamba, ubale wapakati pa tchalitchi ndi boma ndi mitu ina zidathandizira kwambiri pakupanga Khonsolo zikalata. Ngakhale Newman samamvedwa kapena kuyamikiridwa nthawi zonse, iye analalikira uthenga wabwino molimbika m'mawu ndi machitidwe.