San Junipero Serra, Woyera wa tsiku la Julayi 1st

(24 Nov 1713 - 28 Aug 1784)

Mbiri ya San Junipero Serra
Mu 1776, pomwe Revolutionary yaku America imayamba kummawa, gawo lina lakutsogolo United States linali kubadwa ku California. Chaka chimenecho wa ku France wovala imvi adakhazikitsa San Juan Capistrano Mission, yomwe tsopano imatchuka chifukwa cha manyado ake omwe amabwerera chaka chilichonse. San Juan anali wachisanu ndi chiwiri mwa mautumiki asanu ndi anayi omwe anakhazikitsidwa motsogozedwa ndi Spaniard woyipa uyu.

Wobadwira pachilumba cha Spain ku Majorca, Serra adalowa mgulu la Franciscan Order kutengera dzina la mwana wakhanda wa St. Francis, Mbale Juniper. Mpakafika zaka 35, nthawi yambiri amakhala mkalasi, woyamba amakhala wophunzira zaumulungu kenako profesa. Anakhalanso wotchuka polalikira. Mwadzidzidzi adasiya zonse ndikutsatira chikhumbo chomwe adayamba zaka zapitazo ataphunzira za ntchito yaumishonale ku San Francesco Solano ku South America. Cholinga cha a Junipero chinali choti asinthe anthu akwawo kuti akhale Dziko Latsopano.

Atafika ku ngalawa ku Vera Cruz, Mexico, iye ndi mnzake adayenda makilomita 250 kupita ku Mexico City. Ali munjira kumanzere kwa Junipero adadwala chifukwa cholumidwa ndi tizilombo ndipo ankangokhala mtanda - nthawi zina kumuwopseza moyo wake wonse. Kwa zaka 18 adagwira ntchito pakati pa Mexico ndi peninsula ya Baja. Adakhala pulezidenti wa mamishoni kumeneko.

Lowani ndale: chiwopsezo chakuukira kwa Russia ku Alaska kuchokera kumwera. Charles III waku Spain adalamula kuti atuluke kuti akakwapule dziko la Russia m'derali. Chifukwa chake omaliza awiri agululo - wankhondo, wa uzimu - adayamba kufufuza kwawo. José de Galvez adalimbikitsa Junipero kuchoka naye ku Monterey, California. Ntchito yoyamba yomwe idayambitsidwa pambuyo paulendo wamtunda wamakilomita 900 kupita ku San Diego mu 1769. Chaka chimenecho, kuchepa kwa chakudya kunathetseratu ulendowo. Akukonzekera kukhala ndi anthu akumaloko, a Junipero ndi gulu linzake linayamba phokoso kukonzekera tsiku la St. Joseph, pa Marichi 19, tsiku lomwe adzanyamuka. Chombo chopulumutsa chinafika tsiku lomwelo.

Mishoni zina zotsatiridwa: Monterey / Carmel (1770); San Antonio ndi San Gabriel (1771); San Luís Obispo (1772); San Francisco ndi San Juan Capistrano (1776); Santa Clara (1777); San Buenaventura (1782). Ena XNUMX adakhazikitsidwa Serra atamwalira.

Junipero adayenda ulendo wautali kupita ku Mexico City kuti akathetse mikangano yayikulu ndi wamkulu wa asirikali. Adafika atatsala pang'ono kufa. Zotsatira zake zinali zomwe Junipero adafunafuna: "Malamulo" odziwika omwe amateteza amwenye ndi utumwi. Unali maziko a malamulo ofunika kwambiri ku California, "Bungwe la Ufulu" kwa anthu aku America.

Poganizira kuti Achimereka aku America amakhala moyo wosakhala wa munthu kuchokera kumbali yaku Spain, azilumbawo adakhala oteteza anzawo. Achi Native America adasungidwa utumwi atabatizidwa poopa kuti angawonongeke m'mayendedwe awo akale, kusuntha komwe kudapangitsa kulira kwina kwamakono kwa "kupanda chilungamo".

Moyo wa uminisitala wa Junipero inali nkhondo yayitali yolimbana ndi kuzizira ndi njala, ndi asitikali ankhondo osasangalatsa komanso ngakhale ndi ngozi yakuphedwa kwa nzika zosakhala zachikristu. Mwa izi zonse changu chake chosaletseka chidayambitsidwa ndi pemphero usiku uliwonse, nthawi zambiri kuyambira pakati pausiku mpaka m'bandakucha. Anabatiza anthu opitilira 6.000 ndikuwatsimikizira 5.000. Maulendo ake akadakhala atazungulira dziko lapansi. Sanabweretse nzika zaku America osati mphatso ya chikhulupiriro, komanso moyo wabwino. Anapambana chikondi chawo, monga momwe zimaperekedwera kuposa onse ndi zowawa zawo chifukwa cha imfa yake. Adaikidwa mu Mission San Carlo Borromeo, ku Carmelo, ndipo adamenyedwa mu 1988. Papa Francis adamulembetsa mu Washington, DC pa Seputembara 23, 2015.

Kulingalira
Mawu omwe amafotokoza bwino Junipero ndi changu. Unali mzimu womwe unachokera mu pemphero lake lakuya komanso kufuna wopanda mantha. "Nthawi zonse chamtsogolo, musabwerere m'mbuyo" inali mawu ake. Ntchito yake idalipira zaka 50 atamwalira, monga mautumiki ena onse adakhazikitsidwa mu moyo wachikhalidwe cha chitaganya ndi amwenye. Pamene umbombo wa ku Mexico ndi ku America udapangitsa kuti utumuki uchitike, anthu a Chumash adabwerera momwe adakhalira: Mulungu adalembanso ndi mizere yopindika.