A Thomas Aquinas, dokotala wa Angelo

A Thomas Aquinas, a ku Dominican wazaka za zana la XNUMX, anali wazachipembedzo wanzeru, wanzeru komanso wopepesa tchalitchi chakale. Ngakhale kuti anali wokongola kapena wokongola, anali ndi vuto la edema komanso wamaso opindika omwe anali ndi nkhope yopuwala. Munthu wonenepa kwambiri, wochititsa manyazi pagulu, yemwe amalankhula pang'onopang'ono, amatchedwa "ng'ombe yopusa" ndi omwe adachita nawo ku yunivesite. Komabe, a Thomas Aquinas lero amadziwika kuti ndi mawu ofunikira kwambiri pa zamulungu zamaphunziro ndi kutanthauzira kwa Bayibulo kwa Middle Ages.

Fulumira
Wodziwika bwino: Dominican friar komanso wolemba wotchuka kwambiri komanso wazamaphunziro azachipembedzo a Middle Ages
Wobadwa: 1225, ku Roccasecca, Italy
Adafa: Marichi 7, 1274, Fossanova Abbey, Fossanova, Italy
Makolo: Kuwerengera Mphepete mwa Aquino ndi Teodora, Countess wa Teano
Maphunziro: Yunivesite ya Naples ndi University of Paris
Mabuku osindikizidwa: Summa Theologica (Chidule cha Theology); Summa Contra Akunja (Mwachidule motsutsana ndi Amitundu); Scriptum super Libros Sententiarium (ndemanga pa ziganizo); De anima (pa moyo); De Ente et Essentia (pa kukhala ndi thunthu); De Verifying (pa chowonadi).
Zolemba zodziwika: akunena kuti Yesu Khristu anali mphunzitsi wabwino, a Thomas Aquinas adalengeza kuti: "Khristu anali wabodza, wamisala kapena Ambuye."
Moyo wakuubwana
Tommaso d'Aquino adabadwa mu 1225 ku Count Lundulf of Aquino ndi mkazi wake Teodora, m'nyumba yachifumu ku Roccasecca, pafupi ndi Naples, ku Kingdom of Sicily. Tomasi anali womaliza kwa abale asanu ndi atatu. Amayi ake anali aakazi a Teano. Ngakhale makolo onsewa anali ochokera ku banja labwino, banjali limadziwika kuti linali lolemekezeka kwambiri.

Ali wachichepere, akuphunzira pa Yunivesite ya Naples, Aquino adalowa nawo mobisa zigawo za Dominican. Anakopeka kuti awalimbikitse pa maphunziro awo, umphawi, ungwiro ndi kumvera pa moyo wa uzimu. Achibale ake adatsutsa izi, mmalo mwake amafuna kuti Thomas akhale Benedictine ndikukhala wolemekezeka komanso wachuma kwambiri pampingo.

Mwa kuchitapo kanthu mopambanitsa, banja la a Akuino linamuyika iye mndende kwa chaka chopitilira. Panthawiyo, adakonza chiwembu kuti amuyese iye kuti asiyane ndi mayendedwe ake, ndipo adamupatsa hule komanso udindo ngati bishopu wamkulu wa Naples. Aquino anakana kunyengedwa ndipo posakhalitsa anatumizidwa ku Yunivesite ya Paris - panthawiyo anali likulu la maphunziro ku Europe - kukaphunzira zamulungu. Kumeneko adapeza maphunziro azachipembedzo abwino kwambiri motsogozedwa ndi Albert the Great. Atamvetsetsa mwachangu kukhoza kwa nzeru ndi luso la Aquino komanso zomwe angathe kuchita, mlangizi wake adalengeza kuti: "Tiyeni timutche mnyamatayu kuti ndi ng'ombe yopanda nzeru, koma munthu wina wazachiphunzitso zake tsiku lina adzalira padziko lonse lapansi!"

Chikhulupiriro ndi kulingalira
Aquino adazindikira kuti nzeru ndizomwe ankakonda kuphunzira, koma adayesetsa kuzigwirizanitsa ndi Chikristu. M'malingaliro amakedzana, vuto la kuyanjanitsa ubale pakati pa chikhulupiriro ndi kulingalira lidayamba kale komanso pakati. Atatha kusiyanitsa pakati pa awiriwa, a Thomas Aquinas adawona malingaliro azachipembedzo azikhulupiriro ndi mfundo za filosofi zanzeru sizitsutsana, koma monga magwero azidziwitso omwe onse amachokera kwa Mulungu.

Popeza a Thomas Aquinas anasintha njira ndi nzeru za Aristotle kukhala ziphunzitso zake, adamutsutsa kuti ndiwophunzitsa za akatswiri ambiri aku Paris. Amuna awa anali kale ndi kusakonda kwa Dominican ndi Franciscans. Zotsatira zake, iwo adakana kulowa kwake m'mapulofesa. Koma papa payekha atalowerera, Aquino adavomerezedwa. Anakhala moyo wake wonse kuphunzitsa zaumulungu ku Paris, Ostia, Viterbo, Anagni, Perugia, Bologna, Rome ndi Naples.

A Thomas Aquinas oyang'anira sakaramenti
A Thomas Aquinas oyang'anira sakaramenti; Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi a Louis Roux, 1877. De Agostini / Biblioteca Ambrosiana / Getty Zithunzi
Dokotala wa angelo
Ukadaulo wa waluso wa Thomas Aquinas anali wangwiro kwambiri kotero adalandira dzina la "Doctor of Angels". Kuphatikiza pa chidziwitso chake chambiri cha malembo, adaphatikiza ntchito zonse zazikulu za Abambo a Eastern and Western Church, makamaka a Sant'Agostino, Pietro Lombardo ndi Boezio.

M'moyo wake, a Thomas Aquinas adalemba zolemba zoposa 60 kuyambira pakukhudzana ndi zomwe zimachitika mu Bayibulo mpaka kuzikhulupirira, zikhulupiriro ndi maphunziro azachipembedzo. Ali ku Roma, adamaliza gawo lake loyamba la ntchito zake ziwiri, Summa Contra Akunja, chidule cha chiphunzitsocho pofuna kutsimikizira osakhulupirira kuti chiphunzitso cha Chikristu ndi chanzeru.

Aquino sanali munthu wamaphunziro aluntha, komanso adalemba nyimbo, adadzipereka kwambiri popemphera ndipo adapeza nthawi yolangizira abusa anzake auzimu. Poganizira zaukadaulo wake wabwino kwambiri, Summa Theologica, sikuti ndi buku lokhalo lopanda chidziwitso pa chiphunzitso Chachikhristu, komanso chitsogozo chothandiza, chanzeru chanzeru kwa abusa ndi atsogoleri auzimu.

Mabuku omwe adatsalira a Aquino omwe adalipo m'Baibuloli ndi buku la Yobu. Adafotokozanso ndemanga pa Mauthenga Abwino anayi ophatikizidwa kuchokera pazolembedwa za Abambo a Tchalitchi Chachi Greek ndi Chilatini chotchedwa Golden Chain.

Mu 1272, Aquino anathandiza kuti apeze sukulu yachipembedzo cha Dominican ku Naples. Ali ku Naples, pa Disembala 6, 1273, adakhala ndi masomphenya azodabwitsa pambuyo pa unyinji pa phwando la San Nicola. Ngakhale adakumana ndi masomphenya ambiri m'mbuyomu, izi sizinali zapadera. Anamutsimikizira Tomasi kuti zolemba zake zonse zinali zopanda tanthauzo chifukwa cha zomwe Mulungu adamuululira.Pomwe adamuyitanitsa kuti apitirize kulemba, Aquinas adayankha kuti: "Sindingachitenso zina. Zinsinsizi zawululidwa kwa ine kuti zonse zomwe ndalemba tsopano zikuwoneka kuti zilibe phindu. " Aquino adalemba cholembera chake ndipo sanalembe mawu.

Ngakhale anali ntchito yofunika kwambiri komanso yotchuka, Summa Theologica adakhalabe wopanda chiyembekezo pamene Aquino adamwalira miyezi itatu yokha pambuyo pake. Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 1274, a Thomas adapemphedwa kutenga nawo mbali pa Lachiwiri Council of Lyon kuti athandizire kuwongolera kusiyana pakati pa matchalitchi a Kum'mawa ndi Kumadzulo. Koma sizinabwere ku France. Paulendo wake wapansi, a Thomas Aquinas adwala ndipo adamwalira m'nyumba ya amonke ya a Cistercian Abbey of Fossanova pa Marichi 7, 1274.

St. Thomas Aquinas
Zaka 18 atamwalira, pa 1323 Julayi 1567, a Thomas Aquinas adasankhidwa ndi a Papa John XXII ndi tchalitchi cha Roma Katolika. Pa Council of Trent ya m'zaka za zana la XNUMX, Summa Theologica yake adalemekezedwa ndi malo otchuka pafupi ndi Baibulo. Mu XNUMX, Papa Pius V anasankha a Thomas Aquinas "Doctor of the Church". Ndipo m'zaka za zana la XNUMX, Papa Leo XIII adalimbikitsa kuti ntchito za Aquino ziphunzitsidwe m'maseminale onse a Katolika komanso zamulungu padziko lonse lapansi.

Masiku ano a Thomas Aquinas amaphunziridwabe ndi ophunzira Bayibulo komanso akatswiri azaumulungu azipembedzo zonse, kuphatikiza ma evanjelini. Anali wokhulupilira wodzipereka, wosasunthika pakudzipereka kwake kwa Yesu Kristu, pophunzira malembedwe komanso mu pemphero. Ntchito zake ndizopanda nthawi ndipo ndizoyenera kuti ziwerengedwe.