Amanqanaba ama-5 okulila kubuYuda
Xa kubhengezwe ukufa kwilizwe lamaJuda, oku kulandelayo:
Isi-Hebrew: ברוך דיין האמת.
Inguqulelo: UBharuki dayan ha-emet.
IsiNgesi: "Usikelelekile ijaji yenyaniso".
Emngcwabeni, amalungu osapho adla ngokusikelela okufanayo:
Isihebhe
Inguqulelo: UBharuki atah Adonai Eloheynu melech ha'olam, dayan ha-emet.
English: "Usikelelekile wena, Nkosi, Thixo wethu, Kumkani wendalo iphela, umgwebi wenyaniso".
Ke, ixesha elide lokulila liqala ngothotho lwemithetho, ukuthintela kunye nezenzo.
Amanqanaba amahlanu okulila
Amanqanaba amahlanu okulila kubuYuda.
Phakathi kokufa kunye nokungcwatywa.
Iintsuku ezintathu zokuqala emva kokungcwatywa: iindwendwe ngamanye amaxesha ziyadimazeka ukuba zingatyeleli ngeli xesha ukuvuza kusemtsha kakhulu.
IShiva (שבעה, ngokoqobo "isixhenxe") ixesha lokuzila kwiintsuku ezisixhenxe emva komngcwabo, kubandakanya iintsuku ezintathu zokuqala.
I-Shloshim ((i-skresi yesithathu), kwiintsuku ezingama-30 emva komngcwabo, kubandakanya i-shiva. Ukuzila kancinci kubuyela eluntwini.
Ixesha leenyanga ezilishumi elinambini, elibandakanya i-shloshim, apho ubomi buba yinto yesiqhelo.
Nangona ixesha lokulila kuzo zonke izihlobo liphela emva kwe-shloshim, iyaqhubeka iinyanga ezilishumi elinambini kwabo balilela umama okanye utata wabo.
Shiva
I-Shiva iqala kwangoko xa ibhokisi ibigqunywe ngumhlaba. Abalimi abangakwaziyo ukuya emangcwabeni baqala i-shiva ngexesha elifanelekileyo lokungcwatywa. UShiva uphela ngeentsuku ezisixhenxe emva kwenkonzo yokusa. Umhla wokungcwatywa uthathwa njengosuku lokuqala nokuba ayilosuku olupheleleyo.
Ukuba i-shiva sele iqalile kwaye kukho iholide ebalulekileyo (i-Rosh Hashanah, i-Yom Kippur, iPasika yamaYuda, uShavuot, uSukkot), i-shiva ithathwa njengegqityiwe kwaye yonke imihla iyarhoxiswa. Isizathu kukuba kunyanzelekile ukuba ukonwaba kwiiholide. Ukuba ukufa kwenzeka ngexesha leholide ngokwabo, umngcwabo kunye ne-shiva ziqala kamva.
Indawo efanelekileyo yokuhlala uShiva kukwikhaya labangasekhoyo njengoko umoya wakhe uqhubeka nokuhlala apho. Ukuzila kuhlamba izandla zakhe ngaphambi kokungena endlwini, ukutya ukutya okuvelayo kunye nokulungisa indlu yokulila.
Izithintelo kunye nezithintelo uShiva
Ngexesha le-shiva, kukho inani lezithintelo zesiko kunye nezithintelo.
Ukushiya indlu yokulila kunqongophele.
Izibuko zigutyungelwe. Kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo, enye yazo yokuba umntu ofelweyo angayiphuculi imbonakalo yakhe ngeli xesha.
Ukuncwina kuhlala kwisitulo esisezantsi.
Izicathulo zesikhumba azinqatshelwe (kumaxesha amandulo, izicathulo zesikhumba zaziluphawu lobutyebi kunye nentuthuzelo).
Imibuliso ayivumelekanga kumthathi-nxaxheba osentlungwini kunye nakwabo beza kuvakalisa uvelwano. Ngaphandle kweSabatha (uShabat).
Ukuhlamba akuvumelekanga. Ukungcola kungasuswa ekuhlaleni ngesepha nangamanzi.
Ukucheba iinwele akunqatshelwe.
Ukucheba akuvumelekanga kumadoda.
Akuvumelekanga ukusika izikhonkwane.
Ukuhlamba iimpahla kunqatshelwe ngaphandle kweengubo eziza kunxitywa ngeMigqibelo.
Akuvumelekanga ukunxiba iimpahla ezintsha. (Emva kwexesha le-shiva kude kube sekupheleni kwenyanga ye-12, ukuba kufanelekile ukuthenga impahla entsha, lowo uthatha inxaxheba esentlungwini kufuneka abe nomntu ozinxiba kuqala ukuze kungasathathwa ngokuba "kukutsha").
Ulwalamano lomtshato aluvumelekanga.
Ukufundisisa iTorah akuvumelekanga kuba kuyayivuyisa.
Akuvumelekanga ukuqhuba ishishini. Kukho ezinye izinto (umz. Ukulahleka kakhulu).
Amaqela athabatho-nxaxheba anqatshelwe.
Kwi-Shabbat, ukulila kuvunyelwe ukuba kushiye indlu yokulila ukuya kwindlu yesikhungu kwaye ayinxibi iingubo zakhe ezikrazuliweyo. Ngokukhawuleza emva kwenkonzo yangokuhlwa ngeMigqibelo ngokuhlwa, ukuzila kwakhona kuqalisa imeko yayo epheleleyo yokuzila.
Uxolelo ngesimo sexesha ngeShiva
Yinto ye-mitzvah ukwenza umnxeba we-shiva, okuthetha ukuba undwendwela indlu ye-shiva.
"Kwaye kusemva kokusweleka kuka-Abraham ukuba uThixo wamsikelela uIsake unyana wakhe" (Genesis 25: 11).
Intsingiselo esisuka kwisicatshulwa kukuba intsikelelo kunye nokufa kukaIsaac zazinxibelelene, ke lo rabi wayitolika ngendlela yokuba uThixo wamsikelela uIsake ngokumthuthuzela kulila kwakhe. Injongo yomnxeba weShiva kukunceda ukunciphisa ukuzila kwakhe ukuba abe lilolo. Ngexesha elifanayo, undwendwe lulindele ukuba umntu ozahluleleyo afumane incoko. Kukulila ukwenza into afuna ukuyithetha nokuthetha.
Into yokugqibela endiyityelelweyo ithi ukulila ngaphambi kokuba uhambe yile:
Isi-Hebrew: המקום ינחם אתכם בתוך אבלי ציון וירושלים
Inguqulelo: HaMakom yenacheim etchem betoch sha'ar aveiliei Tzion v'Yerushalayim
IsiNgesi: Ngamana uThixo anganithuthuzela phakathi kwabahlobo beZiyon neYerusalem.
Ishloshim
Izithintelo eziqhubeka zisebenza kwi-Shiva azikhethi ziinwele, ukucheba, ukusika isikhonkwane, ukunxiba iimpahla ezintsha kunye nokuzimasa iipati.
Iinyanga ezilishumi elinambini
Ngokungafaniyo nokubala kwe-shiva kunye ne-shloshim, ukubalwa kweenyanga ezili-12 kuqala ngosuku lokufa. Kubalulekile ukugxininisa ukuba iinyanga ezili-12 kwaye ayisiyo unyaka kuba kwimeko yonyaka wokutsiba, ukuzila kusabalwa iinyanga ezili-12 kuphela kwaye akubali unyaka wonke.
IKaddish kaMourner ibanjwa iinyanga ezili-11 ukuphela kwenkonzo nganye yomthandazo. Inceda ukuthuthuzela abo bazilayo kwaye kuthiwa kuphela phambi kwamadoda ayi-10 (umlinganiswa) kwaye ungabi ngasese.
Yizkor: Ubizo lwaba. Leyo
Umthandazo we-Yizkor kuthiwa ngamaxesha athile onyaka wokuhlonipha umntu oswelekileyo. Abanye banomkhwa wokuyithetha okokuqala kwiholide yokuqala emva kokusweleka, ngelixa abanye belinda de kuphele inyanga ye-12 yokuqala.
I-Yizkor ithethwa malunga ne-Yom Kippur, iPasika yamaYuda, uShavuot, uSukkot kunye nesikhumbuzo sesikhumbuzo (umhla wokufa) kunye nokubakho kwe-minyan. Ikhandlela le-25 le-onykor elikhanyayo iyakhanyiswa yonke le mihla.
Ukususela kumzuzu wokufa kude kube sekupheleni kweShloshim okanye iinyanga ezili-12, kukho - kumphezulu - imithetho engqongqo emele ukuyilandelwa. Kodwa yile mithetho isinika intuthuzelo efunekayo ukukhulula intlungu kunye nelahleko.
Iinxalenye zeli phulo yayiyiminikelo yasekuqaleni nguCaryn Meltz.