Ukungakholelwa kubani kunye nokuzinikela kuBuddha
Ukuba ukungakholelwa kubukho bukaThixo kukungakholelwa kuThixo okanye kuthixo, ke amaBhuda amaninzi, akholelwa kubukho bukaThixo.
UbuBuddha abukho ngokukholelwa okanye ukungakholelwa kuThixo okanye koothixo. Endaweni yoko, uBuddha ongokwembali wafundisa ukuba ukukholelwa kwizithixo kwakungancedi kwabo bafuna ukuqonda. Ngamanye amagama, uThixo akafuneki kubuBhuda, kuba le yinkolo kunye nefilosofi esebenzayo egxininisa kwiziphumo ezikholelwayo kwiinkolelo okanye kwizithixo. Ngesi sizathu, ubuBuddha buchazwa ngokuchanekileyo njengobungengobuthixo kunokuba ungakholelwa kubukho bukaThixo.
UBuddha watsho ngokucacileyo ukuba wayengenguye uthixo, kodwa "wayevuswa" ngokunyanisekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kuyo yonke iAsia, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukufumana abantu bethandaza kuBuddha okanye amanani amaninzi asentsomini ahlala kwimifanekiso bhanyabhanya yobuBuddha. Iipilgrim ziyathontelana ukuya kwii-stupas ekuthiwa zibambe izinto zikaBuddha. Ezinye izikolo zeBuddhism zizinikezele kakhulu. Nokuba kwizikolo ezingadibani neemvakalelo, ezinje ngeTheravada okanye iZen, kukho amasiko abandakanya ukuthoba nokunikela ngokutya, iintyatyambo, kunye nesiqhumiso kumfanekiso kaBuddha kwisibingelelo.
Ifilosofi okanye iNkolo?
Abanye eNtshona bayazigxotha ezi nkolelo zonqulo lobuBhuda njengokonakaliswa kweemfundiso zikaBuddha zangaphambili. Umzekelo, uSam Harris, umntu owaziwayo ukuba akakholelwa kuThixo novakalise ukuba uyabuthanda ubuBhuda, uthe ubuBhuda kufuneka bususwe kubuBhuda. UbuBuddha bungangcono kakhulu, u-Harris wabhala, ukuba bunokususwa ngokupheleleyo kwimigibe yenkolo "ye-naïve, encinci kunye neenkolelo".
Ndiwuphendulile umbuzo wokuba ingaba ubuBuddha yifilosofi okanye yinkolo kwenye indawo, ndixoxa ukuba iyintanda-bulumko kunye nenkolo kwaye yonke impikiswano "yefilosofi xa ithelekiswa nenkolo" ayimfuneko. Kodwa uthini malunga neempawu "ezingenalwazi, ezithandwayo, kunye neenkolelo" uHarris athethe ngazo? Ngaba zonakalisile iimfundiso zikaBuddha? Ukuwuqonda umohluko kufuna ukujonga nzulu phantsi kobume bokufundisa kunye nokusebenza kweBuddhist.
Ungakholelwa kwiinkolelo
Asikokukholelwa nje kwizithixo okungabalulekanga kubuBhuda. Iinkolelo zalo naluphi na uhlobo zidlala indima eyahlukileyo kwiBuddhism kunezinye iinkolo.
UbuBuddha yindlela "yokuvuka" okanye yokukhanyiselwa, kwinto engabonwa ngabaninzi kuthi. Kwizikolo ezininzi zobuBuddha, kuyaqondakala ukuba ukhanyiso kunye ne-nirvana ayinakuqikelelwa okanye icaciswe ngamagama. Kuya kufuneka baphile ngokusondeleyo ukuze baqondwe. Ngokulula "ukukholelwa ekukhanyeni" kunye ne-nirvana alunamsebenzi.
Kwi-Buddhism, zonke iimfundiso zethutyana kwaye zigwetywa sisakhono sabo. Igama lesiSanskrit kule nto liphezulu, okanye "iindlela ezinobuchule". Nayiphi na imfundiso okanye isenzo esivumela ukufezekiswa kukuphakanyiswa. Nokuba imfundiso iyinyani okanye ayiyiyo inqaku.
Indima yokuzinikela
Akukho thixo, akukho zinkolelo, nangona kunjalo ubuBuddha bukhuthaza ukuzinikela. Inokwenzeka njani?
UBuddha wafundisa ukuba owona mqobo mkhulu ekufezekiseni umbono wokuba u "Ndi" ndingumbutho osisigxina, odibeneyo, ozimeleyo. Kungokubona ngokukhohlisa kwe-ego ukuba ukuqonda kuyaqhakaza. Ukuzinikela kuyindlela yokuqhawula amabhondi e-ego.
Ngesi sizathu, uBuddha wafundisa abafundi bakhe ukuba bahlakulele imikhwa yokuthandaza neyokuhlonela. Ke ngoko, ukuzinikela akuyiyo "inkohliso" yobuBuddha, kodwa yinkcazo yayo. Ewe ukuzinikela kufuna into. Yintoni uBuddhist anikezelwe kuyo? Lo ngumbuzo onokucaciswa, ucaciswe kwaye uphendulwe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo njengoko ukuqonda kweemfundiso kuya kusiba nzulu.
Ukuba uBuddha wayengenguye uthixo, kutheni waqubuda kumanani kaBuddha? Umntu wayenokugoba kuphela ukubonisa umbulelo ngobomi kunye nokwenza kukaBuddha. Kodwa isibalo sikaBuddha sikwabonisa ukukhanya ngokwaso kunye nemeko yokwenene engenamiqathango yazo zonke izinto.
Kwikhaya leemonki laseZen apho ndiqale khona ngokufunda ngobuBhuda, iimonki zathanda ukukhomba kumfuziselo kaBuddha esibingelelweni bathi, “Nguwe phaya phezulu. Xa uguqa, uqubuda kuwe ”. Babethetha ukuthini? Uyiqonda njani le nto? Ungubani? Uyifumana phi i-ego? Ukusebenza nale mibuzo akuyiyo inkohlakalo yobuBuddha; bubuBhuda. Ukufumana enye ingxoxo ngolu hlobo lokuzinikela, jonga isincoko esithi "Ukuzinikela eBuddhism" nguNyanaponika Thera.
Zonke izidalwa zasentsomini, ezinkulu nezincinci
Izidalwa ezininzi zasezintsomini kunye nezinto ezikhoyo kubugcisa noncwadi lweMahayana Buddhism zihlala zibizwa ngokuba "zizithixo" okanye "oothixo". Kodwa, kwakhona, ukukholelwa kubo ayisiyiyo eyona nto. Rhoqo kunokuba kunjalo, ichanekile ngakumbi ukuba abantu baseNtshona bacinge ngee-iconographic devas kunye ne-bodhisattvas njengee-archetypes endaweni yezidalwa ezingaphezu kwendalo. Umzekelo, umBhuda unokubiza iBodhisattva yemfesane ukuba ibe nemfesane ngakumbi.
Ngaba amaBuddha akholelwa ukuba ezi zidalwa zikhona? Ewe ubuBhuda ekusebenzeni bunemicimbi efanayo "yokoqobo xa kuthelekiswa neyokomfuziselo" efumaneka kwezinye iinkonzo. Kodwa indalo yobukho yinto ethi ubuBuddha bujonge kubunzulu nangokungafaniyo nendlela abantu abaqonda ngayo "ubukho".
Ndibenjalo okanye hayi?
Ngokwesiqhelo, xa sibuza ukuba ikhona into, sibuza ukuba ingaba iyinyani na kunokuba ibeyintsomi. Kodwa ubuBuddha buqala ngengqikelelo yokuba indlela esiliqonda ngayo eli lizwe lihlekisayo kukukhohlisa ukuqala. Umnqweno kukuqonda okanye ubone ukuphoxeka njengoko kunjalo kukuphoxeka.
Ke yintoni "eyinyani"? Yintoni "intelekelelo"? Yintoni "ekhoyo"? Amathala eencwadi azaliswe ziimpendulo zale mibuzo.
Kwi-Mahayana Buddhism, olona hlobo lubalaseleyo lobuBuddha e-China, Tibet, Nepal, Japan nase Korea, zonke izinto azinabukho bendalo. Isikolo sefilosofi yamaBhuda, iMadhyamika, sibanga ukuba izinto zenzeka kuphela ngokunxulumene nezinye izinto. Enye, ebizwa ngokuba yiYogachara, ifundisa ukuba izinto zikhona kuphela njengenkqubo yolwazi kwaye azinabunyani bangaphakathi.
Kunokuthiwa kubuBuddha umbuzo omkhulu ayikokuba ingaba oothixo bakho, kodwa buyintoni uhlobo lobukho? Yintoni isiqu sakho?
Abanye bamaKrestu bamaxesha aphakathi, njengombhali ongaziwayo weThe Cloud of Unnowing, bathi ayilunganga ukuthi uThixo ukhona kuba ubukho bufana nokuthatha uhlobo oluthile kwisithuba sexesha. Kuba uThixo akanangohlobo oluthile kwaye ungaphandle kwexesha, uThixo akunakuthiwa ukhona. Nangona kunjalo, nguThixo. Esi sihloko uninzi lwamaBuddha angakholelwa kubukho bukaThixo sinokusixabisa.