Ubusisiwe uJohn Duns Scotus, oyiNgcwele womhla we-8 kuNovemba
INgcwele yosuku lomhla we-8 kuNovemba
(malunga ne-1266-Novemba 8, 1308)
Ibali likaJohn Duns Scotus
Indoda ethobekileyo, uJohn Duns Scotus ungomnye wamaFranciscans anempembelelo kwiinkulungwane ezidlulileyo. Wazalelwa eDuns kwiNqila yaseBerwick, eScotland, uJohn wayezalwa kusapho olutyebileyo lokulima. Kwiminyaka edlulileyo, wachongwa njengoJohn Duns Scotus ukubonisa ilizwe lakhe; IScotia ligama lesiLatin laseScotland.
UJohn wafumana umkhwa we-Friars Minor eDumfries, apho umalume wakhe u-Elias Duns wayephezulu. Emva kwesikolo sakhe sokuqala, uJohn wafunda eOxford naseParis waze wonyuselwa ubufundisi ngo-1291. Izifundo ezithe kratya zalandelwa eParis de kwangowe-1297, xa ebuyela kwizifundo eOxford naseCambridge. Kwiminyaka emine kamva, wabuyela eParis ukuya kufundisa kunye nokugqibezela iimfuno zobugqirha.
Ngexesha apho abantu abaninzi babesebenzisa zonke iindlela zokucinga ngaphandle kokufumana iziqinisekiso, uJohn wagxininisa ukutyeba kwesiko lika-Augustinian-Franciscan, babuxabisa ubulumko bukaThomas Aquinas, u-Aristotle kunye nezithandi zobulumko zamaSilamsi -kwaye wakwazi ukuba yingcinga ezimeleyo. Owona mgangatho wabonakaliswa ngo-1303, xa uKumkani uPhilip the Fair wazama ukungena kwiYunivesithi yaseParis kwelakhe icala kwimpikiswano kaPopu Boniface VIII. UJohn Duns Scotus akavumelani kwaye wanikwa iintsuku ezintathu zokuba ahambe eFrance.
Ngexesha leScotus, ezinye ifilosofi zaziphikisa ukuba abantu bazimisele ngokusisiseko kwimikhosi yangaphandle. Inkululeko yokuzikhethela yinto engekhoyo, baxoxa. Indoda eyayisoloko isebenza, uScotus wathi ukuba uqala ukubetha umntu owala inkululeko yokuzikhethela, loo mntu uya kuthi kwangoko ayeke. Kodwa ukuba uScotus wayengenayo inkululeko yokuzikhethela, angayeka njani? UJohn wayenobuchule bokufumana imifanekiso abafundi bakhe abanokuyikhumbula!
Emva kokuhlala nje okwexeshana eOxford, uScotus wabuyela eParis, apho afumana khona ubugqirha ngo-1305. Waqhubeka efundisa apho kwaye ngo-1307 wakhusela ngobuchule i-Immaculate Conception of Mary kangangokuba iyunivesithi yasamkela isikhundla sakhe ngokusemthethweni. Kwakuloo nyaka umphathiswa jikelele wamabela kwisikolo saseFranciscan eCologne apho uJohn wasweleka khona ngonyaka ka-1308. Ungcwatyelwe kwicawa yaseFranciscan kufutshane necawa eyaziwayo yaseCologne.
Ngokusekwe kwimisebenzi kaJohn Duns Scotus, uPopu Pius IX wayichaza ngokucacileyo iMpucuko yokuKhulelwa kukaMariya ngo-1854.
Ukucingisisa
Ubawo uCharles Balic, u-OFM, igosa eliphambili kwi-Scotus yenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, wabhala: “Yonke imfundiso yenkolo yaseScotus ilawulwa yingcinga yothando. Inqaku elibonisa olu thando yinkululeko yalo epheleleyo. Njengokuba uthando luya ngokugqibeleleyo lukhulu, inkululeko iya isiba sesidlangalaleni kwaye idibene kokubini kuThixo nakumntu