Imbali ngobomi bukaJustin Martyr

UJustin Martyr (100-165 AD) wayengutata wamandulo weCawe owawuqala umsebenzi wakhe njengesithandi-sobulumko kodwa wafumanisa ukuba iinkolelo zobomi behlabathi azinantsingiselo. Xa wafumanisa ubuKristu, wabusukela ngenzondelelo kangangokuba bukhokelela ekubulaweni.

Iinyani ezikhawulezayo: UJustin Martyr
Ikwabizwa ngokuba ngu: Flavio Giustino
Ubungcali: isithandi-sobulumko, isazi ngezakwalizwi, umxolisi
Ukuzalwa: c. 100 AD
Ithotyiwe: 165 AD
Isifundo: Imfundo yasendulo kwifilosofi yamaGrike neyaseRoma
Imisebenzi epapashiweyo: uthethathethwano kunye noTrypho, uxolo
Isicatshulwa esidumileyo: "Silindele ukuyifumana imizimba yethu kwakhona, nangona ifile kwaye iphoswe emhlabeni, njengoko sibambe ukuba kuThixo akukho nto ingenakwenzeka."
Khangela iimpendulo
Wazalelwa kwisixeko saseRoma iFlavia Neapolis, kufutshane nedolophu yamaSamariya yakudala iShekem, uJustin wayengunyana wabazali abangabahedeni. Umhla wakhe wokuzalwa awaziwa, kodwa kungenzeka ukuba wawusekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yesibini.

Nangona abanye abaphengululi bale mihla behlasela ubukrelekrele bukaJustin, wayenengqondo efuna ukwazi kwaye wafumana imfundo esisiseko eqinileyo kwintetho, kwizibongo nakwimbali. Esengumfana, uJustin wafunda kwizikolo ezahlukeneyo zefilosofi, efuna iimpendulo zeyona mibuzo inzima ebomini.

Umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala yayinguStoicism, owaqalwa ngamaGrike kwaye waphuhliswa ngamaRoma, awakhuthaza ukuqonda kunye nokuqiqa. AmaStoyike ayefundisa ukuzeyisa nokungakhathali ngezinto ezingaphaya kwamandla ethu. UJustin wafumanisa ukuba le ntanda-bulumko ayikho.

Emva koko, wafunda nefilosofi ye-Peripatetic okanye ye-Aristotelian. Nangona kunjalo, uJustin wakhawuleza waqonda ukuba le ndoda inomdla ngakumbi ekuqokeleleni iirhafu kunokuba ifumane inyaniso. Utitshala wakhe olandelayo yayinguPythagorean, owayenyanzelisa ukuba uJustin naye afunde ijiyometri, umculo, kunye neenkwenkwezi, into enzima kakhulu. Isikolo sokugqibela, uPlato, sasintsonkothe ​​ngakumbi ngokwasengqondweni, kodwa khange sijongane nemicimbi yabantu uJustin awayikhathaleleyo.

Indoda engaqondakaliyo
Ngenye imini, xa uJustin wayeneminyaka emalunga nama-30, wadibana nendoda endala xa yayihamba elunxwemeni lolwandle. Le ndoda yamxelela ngoYesu Krestu nangendlela uKristu awayekuzalisekiswa ngayo ngabaprofeti bamandulo abangamaHebhere.

Ngelixesha bathethayo, indoda endala yenza umngxunya kwifilosofi kaPlato kunye noAristotle, esithi eso sizathu asiyondlela yokufumanisa uThixo, endaweni yoko, le ndoda yalatha kubaprofeti ababenobudlelwane noThixo kwaye waxela kwangaphambili ngecebo lakhe losindiso.

"Ngequbuliso umlilo waphenjwa emphefumlweni wam," watsho uJustin kamva. “Ndabathanda abaprofeti kunye nala madoda ayemthanda uKristu; Ndiye ndacingisisa ngawo onke amazwi abo ndaza ndafumanisa ukuba le ntanda-bulumko kuphela iyinyani kwaye inenzuzo. Yile ndlela kwaye kutheni ndaba sisithandi sobulumko. Kwaye ndinqwenela ukuba wonke umntu azive ngendlela efanayo nam. "

Emva kokuguquka kwakhe, uJustin wayesazithatha njengesithandi sobulumko kunokuba abe ngumfundi wezakwalizwi okanye umfundisi. Wayekholelwa ekubeni uPlato kunye nezinye izithandi zobulumko zamaGrike bebe iingcinga zabo ezininzi ebhayibhileni, kodwa ekubeni ibhayibhile isuka kuThixo, ubuKrestu "yeyona ntandabulumko iyinyani" kwaye yaba yinkolelo ekufanele ukuyifela.

Imisebenzi emihle eyenziwe nguJustin
Malunga no-132 AD uJustin waya e-Efese, isixeko apho umpostile uPawulos waseka khona icawe. Apho, uJustin waba nengxoxo nomJuda ogama linguTrifo malunga nokuchazwa kweBhayibhile.

Ukuma kukaGiustino olandelayo yiRoma, apho aseka isikolo sobuKristu. Ngenxa yentshutshiso yamaKristu, uJustin wenza uninzi lokufundisa kwakhe emakhayeni abantu. Wayehlala ngaphezulu kwendoda egama linguMartin, kufutshane neendawo zokuhlamba ezinobushushu bukaTimiotinian.

Uninzi lweengcebiso zikaJustin zikhankanyiwe kwimibhalo yooSeki beCawa bokuqala, kodwa mithathu kuphela imisebenzi eyiyeyosindayo. Apha ngezantsi kukho isishwankathelo samanqaku abo aphambili.

Incoko kunye noTraypho
Ukuthatha uhlobo lwengxoxo-mpikiswano nomJuda othile e-Efese, le ncwadi ichasene namaSemite ngokwemigangatho yanamhlanje. Nangona kunjalo, yayisebenza njengesixhobo sokukhusela ubuKristu iminyaka emininzi. Abaphengululi bakholelwa ukuba yabhalwa emva kokuxolisa, eyicaphula. Uphando olungaphelelanga lwemfundiso yobuKristu:

ITestamente eNdala inika indlela yoMnqophiso oMtsha;
UYesu Krestu wazalisekisa iziprofeto zeTestamente eNdala;
Izizwe ziya kuguqulwa, kunye namaKristu njengabantu abanyuliweyo abatsha.
Iscusa
Ukuxolisa kukaJustin, incwadi ebhaliweyo yamaKristu axolileyo, okanye ukuziphendulela, yabhalwa malunga ne-153 AD kwaye yabhekiswa kumlawuli u-Antoninus Pius. UJustin wazama ukubonisa ukuba ubuKrestu babungeyongozi kuBukhosi baseRoma, kodwa ke babuyinkqubo yokuziphatha esekwe kuThixo.UJustin wagxininisa la manqaku abalulekileyo:

AmaKristu awazizo izaphuli-mthetho;
Bangcono bafe kunokuba bamkhanyele uThixo wabo okanye banqule izithixo;
AmaKhristu ayenqula uKrestu noYesu;
U-Kristu liLizwi elingokwasemzimbeni, okanye uLogos;
UbuKristu bungaphezulu kwezinye iinkolelo;
UJustin uchaze unqulo lobuKrestu, ubhaptizo kunye noMthendeleko.
Okwesibini "uxolo"
Isifundiswa sanamhlanje sijonga iSecond Apology kuphela njengesihlomelo kowokuqala kwaye sithi iBandla, uFather Eusebius, wenza impazamo xa wayeligweba njengexwebhu lesibini elizimeleyo. Kuyathandabuzeka nokuba yayinikezelwe kuMlawuli uMarcus Aurelius, isithandi sobulumko esaziwayo samaStoyike. Igubungela iingongoma ezimbini eziphambili:

Ichaza ngokweenkcukacha ukungalunganga kwe-Urbino kumaKristu;
UThixo uvumela ububi ngenxa yokubonelela, inkululeko yabantu kunye nesigwebo sokugqibela.
Ubuncinci amaxwebhu asendulo alishumi abhalwe nguJustin Martyr, kodwa ubungqina bobu bunyani buyathandabuza. Uninzi lwabhalwa ngamanye amadoda phantsi kwegama likaJustin, isiko elaliqhelekile kwilizwe lakudala.

Yabulawa ngenxa kaKristu
UJustin wabandakanyeka kwingxoxo-mpikiswano kawonke-wonke eRoma kunye nezithandi-zobulumko ezibini: uMarcion, umwexuki, kunye noCrescens, umgxeki. Intsomi inokuthi uJustin woyisa uCrescens kugqatso lwabo, kwaye wenzakaliswa kukulahleka kwakhe, uCrescens uxele uJustin kunye nesithandathu sabafundi bakhe eRustico, isekela leRoma.

Kwingxelo ye-165 AD yetyala, u-Rusticus wabuza uJustin nabanye imibuzo malunga neenkolelo zabo. UJustin wenza isishwankathelo esifutshane semfundiso yobuKristu kwaye bonke abanye bavuma ukuba bangamaKristu. URusticus emva koko wabayalela ukuba benze amadini koothixo baseRoma kodwa bala.

URusticus wayalela ukuba batyakatywe kwaye banqunyulwe iintloko. UJustin uthe: "Ngomthandazo singasindiswa ngenxa yeNkosi yethu uYesu Krestu, naxa sisohlwaywa, kuba oku kuya kuba lusindiso kuthi kwaye sithembele kwesona sihlalo sisoyikekayo nesomhlaba wonke somgwebo weNkosi noMsindisi wethu."

Ilifa likaJustin
UJustin Martyr, wenkulungwane yesibini, wazama ukuvala umsantsa phakathi kwefilosofi nenkolo. Ngexesha elalandelayo emva kokuba efile, wahlaselwa kuba wayengenguye ntanda-bulumko okanye umKristu okwenene. Ngapha koko, wagqiba ekubeni afumane intanda-bulumko yokwenene okanye ebhetele kwaye wamkela ubuKristu ngenxa yelifa lakhe lesiprofetho kunye nokucoceka kokuziphatha.

Ukubhala kwakhe kushiye inkcazo eneenkcukacha ngobunzima bokuqala, kunye nesindululo saBantu abathathu kuThixo omnye-uYise, uNyana noMoya oyiNgcwele-iminyaka ngaphambi kokuba uTertullian azise umbono kaBathathu Emnye. Ukuthethelela kukaJustin ubuKristu kwagxininisa kwimilinganiselo ephakamileyo yokuziphatha kunaleyo kaPlato.

Kungathatha ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-150 emva kokubulawa kukaJustin ngaphambi kokuba ubuKristu bamkelwe kwaye bade bonyuselwa bangena kubukhosi baseRoma. Nangona kunjalo, wenza umzekelo ngendoda ethembele kwizithembiso zikaYesu Krestu waze wabheja ubomi bakhe kuzo.