Buddhism: indima yeDalai Lama kwinkolo yamaBuddhist
Ubungcwele Bakhe iDalai Lama kudla ngokubhekiswa kumajelo eendaba aseNtshona njengo "Thixo-Kumkani". Abantu baseNtshona baxelelwa ukuba i-Dalai Lamas eyahlukeneyo elawule i-Tibet kangangeenkulungwane zazingaphindukuzalwa kungekuphela nje kodwa zikwanguthixo wemfesane wase-Tibet u-Chenrezig.
Abantu baseNtshona abanolwazi oluthile lobuBuddha bazifumana zididekile ezi nkolelo zaseTibetan. Okokuqala, ubuBhuda kwenye indawo e-Asiya "abukholelwa kubuthixo" ngengqiqo yokuba abuxhomekekanga kwinkolelo yoothixo. Okwesibini, ubuBuddha bufundisa ukuba akukho nto inomntu ongaphakathi. Ke umntu "unokuphinda azalwe njani"?
UbuBhuda kunye nokuvela ngokutsha
Ukuphindukuzalwa kuvame ukuchazwa ngokuthi "ukuzalwa kwakhona komphefumlo okanye inxalenye yayo komnye umzimba". Kodwa ubuBuddha busekwe kwimfundiso ye-anatman, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-anatta, ephika ubukho bomphefumlo okanye umntu osisigxina. Yabona ”Uyintoni isiqu sakho? ”Ngolwazi oluthe kratya.
Ukuba akukho mphefumlo ungagungqiyo okanye isiqu sakho, unokuphinda azalwe njani? Kwaye impendulo kukuba akukho mntu unokuphinda azalwe kwakhona njengoko igama liqhele ukuqondwa ngabantu baseNtshona. UbuBuddha bufundisa ukuba kukho ukuzalwa ngokutsha, kodwa ayinguye umntu ozelwe ngokutsha. Jonga "Karma kunye nokuzalwa kwakhona" ukuze uqhubeke nengxoxo.
Amandla kunye namandla
Kwiinkulungwane ezadlulayo, xa ubuBuddha babusasazeka buya eAsia, iinkolelo zangaphambi kobuBhuda kwizithixo zalapha zihlala zifumana indlela yokungena kumaziko amaBuddha. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi kwiTibet. Uninzi lwabantu abalinganiswa basentsomini abavela kwi-pre-Buddhist Bon inkolo bahlala kwi-Tibetan Buddhist iconography.
Ngaba abantu baseTibet bayilahlile imfundiso ka-Anatman? Hayi kanye. Abantu baseTibet bajonga zonke izinto ezinje ngendalo yengqondo. Le yimfundiso esekwe kwifilosofi ebizwa ngokuba yiYogacara kwaye ifumaneka kwizikolo ezininzi zobuBhuda beMahayana, hayi ubuBuddha baseTibet.
Abantu baseTibet bakholelwa ukuba ukuba abantu kunye nezinye iziganeko ziyindalo yengqondo, kwaye oothixo needemon nazo ziyindalo yengqondo, ngoko oothixo needemon azikho ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi kweentlanzi, iintaka kunye nabantu. UMike Wilson uyacacisa: “AmaBuddha aseTibetan kule mihla ayathandaza koothixo kwaye asebenzise iziphithiphithi, njengoBon, kwaye akholelwa kwelokuba umhlaba ongabonakaliyo unabantu bazo zonke iintlobo zamandla nemikhosi engafanele kujongelwa phantsi, nokuba zizinto zengqondo ngaphandle isiqu somntu ".
Amandla angaphantsi kwawaphezulu
Oku kusizisa kumbuzo osebenzayo wokuba yayilawula kangakanani iDalai Lamas phambi kohlaselo lwamaTshayina ngo-1950. Nangona kunjalo, uDalai Lama wayenegunya elivela kuThixo, ngokwenza oko kwakufuneka azilolongele iiyantlukwano zamahlelo kunye nokuxabana nezityebi kwaye onempembelelo njengaye nawuphi na umpolitiki. Kukho ubungqina bokuba ezinye zeDalai Lamas zabulawa ziintshaba zehlelo. Ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo, i-Dalai Lamas ezimbini phambi kwalowo wayesebenza njengeentloko zikarhulumente yayingu-5 Dalai Lama kunye ne-13 Dalai Lama.
Kukho izikolo ezithandathu eziphambili zeBuddhism yaseTibetan: iNyingma, Kagyu, Sakya, Gelug, Jonang noBonpo. I-Dalai Lama yimonki emiselweyo yenye yezi, isikolo saseGelug. Nangona elilema liphezulu kwisikolo saseGelug, ngokusemthethweni akayona inkokeli. Eli wonga lelamagosa amiselweyo ogama linguGanden Tripa. Nangona eyinkokheli yokomoya yabantu baseTibetan, akanalo igunya lokumisela iimfundiso okanye izinto ezenziwayo ngaphandle kwesikolo seGellug.
Wonke umntu nguThixo, akukho mntu uthixo
Ukuba iDalai Lama kukuzalwa ngokutsha okanye ukuzalwa ngokutsha okanye ukubonakaliswa kothixo, ngekhe kumenze abe ngaphezu komntu emehlweni abantu baseTibetan? Kuxhomekeka ekubeni liqondwe kwaye lisetyenziswe njani igama elithi "thixo".
UbuBuddhism beTibetan busebenzisa kakhulu i-yoga ye-tantra, ebandakanya uluhlu olubanzi lweendlela kunye nezenzo. Kwinqanaba layo elisisiseko, i-yoga ye-tantra eBuddhism malunga nokuchonga ubuThixo. Ngokucamngca, ukucula kunye nezinye iindlela, i-tantric ingenisa ngaphakathi kuThixo kwaye ibe bubuthixo, okanye ubuncinci ibonakalise ukuba ubukumkani bumele ntoni.
Umzekelo, ukuqhelisela i-tantra kunye nenceba yesimilo kuya kuvusa ububele kwi-tantricka. Kule meko, kunokuba ichaneke ngakumbi ukucinga ngoothixo abahlukileyo njengenye into efana neJungian archetypes kunezinto zokwenene.
Ngapha koko, kwi-Mahayana Buddhism zonke izinto ziyimbonakalo okanye imiba yazo zonke ezinye izidalwa kwaye zonke izinto zisisiseko sikaBuddha. Beka enye indlela, sonke singoothixo, iibuddha, izidalwa.
Njani u-Dalai Lama waba ngumlawuli weTibet
Kwakuyi-5 yeDalai Lama, uLobsang Gyatso (1617-1682), owaba ngumlawuli wokuqala weTibet. "Omkhulu wesihlanu" wenza umanyano lomkhosi kunye nenkokheli yamaMongol uGushri Khan. Xa ezinye iinkokheli ezimbini zaseMongol kunye nomlawuli weKang, ubukumkani bamandulo kwi-Central Asia, bahlasela iTibet, uGushri Khan waboyisa kwaye wazibiza ngokuba ungukumkani waseTibet. Yiyo loo nto uGushri Khan eyamkele eyesihlanu iDalai Lama njengenkokeli yokomoya neyethutyana yeTibet.
Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi, emva kokuGqibela okukhulu, ukulandela kuka-Damai Lama ubukhulu becala kwakungamandla angekho amandla de kwaba lixesha le-13 kaDalai Lama yathatha amandla ngo-1895.
Ngo-Novemba ka-2007, i-14 kaDalai Lama yacebisa ukuba angazalwa ngokutsha, okanye angakhetha uDalai Lama olandelayo xa esaphila. Oku bekungayi kuvakala ngokupheleleyo, kuba kuBuddhist umgca wexesha lixesha uthathwa njengenkohliso kwaye ekubeni umntu azalwe ngokutsha ayisiyiyo kwaphela. Ndiyaqonda ukuba zikho ezinye iimeko apho i-lam high ephezulu yazalwa ngaphambi kokuba enye yangaphambili ibhubhe.
Ubungcwele bakhe buxhalabile ukuba amaTshayina azokhetha kwaye afake i-Dalai Lama ye-15, njengoko benzayo kwiPanchen Lama. I-Panchen Lama yinkokheli yesibini yokomoya ephezulu eTibet.
Ngomhla we-14 kaMeyi, 1995, uDalai Lama wachonga inkwenkwana eneminyaka emithandathu ubudala egama linguGedhun Choekyi Nyima njengoweshumi elinanye ngokutsha kwePanchen Lama. Ngomhla we-17 kaMeyi, inkwenkwe nabazali bayo basiwa elugcinweni lwaseTshayina. Khange babonwe okanye beviwe ukusukela ngoko. Urhulumente wase-China wonyula enye inkwenkwe, uGyaltsen Norbu, njengegosa le-1995 uPanchen Lama kwaye wamsa esihlalweni sobukhosi ngo-Novemba XNUMX.
Akukho sigqibo senziwe ngeli xesha, kodwa ngenxa yemeko eTibet, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukusekwa kweDalai Lama kuyakuphela xa iDalai Lama ye-14 isifa.