Ikhaya lithetha "unyulo" kumaJuda
Ngokwenkolelo yamaJuda, amaJuda ngabanyuliweyo kuba bakhethwe ukwenza umbono omnye uthixo emhlabeni. Yonke le nto yaqala ngo-Abraham, onobudlelwane kunye nesiko buye batolikwa ngokwesiko ngeendlela ezibini: mhlawumbi uThixo wakhetha uAbraham ukuba asasaze umxholo wokuba ngunkulunkulu omnye, okanye u-Abraham wakhetha uThixo phakathi kwabo bonke oothixo ababezukiswa ngomhla wakhe. Nangona kunjalo, umbono "wokukhetha" wawuthetha ukuba u-Abraham kunye nabazukulwana bakhe babenoxanduva lokwabelana nelizwi likaThixo nabanye.
Ulwalamano lukaThixo no-Abraham kunye namaSirayeli
Kutheni uThixo no-Abraham benobudlelwane obukhethekileyo kwiTorah? Isicatshulwa asitsho. Ngokuqinisekileyo akunjalo ngenxa yokuba amaSirayeli (awathi kamva abizwa ngokuba ngamaYuda) ayaluhlanga olunamandla. Ngokwenyani, iDuteronomi 7: 7 ithi: "Kungenxa yokuba ninyuliwe ukuba uThixo ukunyulile, eneneni nina niyimbinana yabantu."
Nangona isizwe esinomkhosi omkhulu osisigxina sinokuba sesona sigqibo sivakalayo sokusasaza ilizwi likaThixo, impumelelo yabantu abanamandla anjalo yayiya kubalelwa ngamandla ayo, hayi kumandla kaThixo. Ekugqibeleni, impembelelo yoku umbono unokubonwa kungekuphela ekusindisweni kwabantu abangamaYuda ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kodwa nakwimibono yobuKristu yobuSilamsi kunye nobuSilamsi, bobabini baphenjelelwa kukukholelwa kubuYuda kuThixo omnye.
UMoses kunye neNtaba yeSinayi
Enye inkalo yokhetho inxulumene nokwamkelwa kweTorah nguMoses namaSirayeli kwiNtaba yeSinayi. Ngesi sizathu, amaJuda aphinda intsikelelo ebizwa ngokuba yiBirkat HaTorah ngaphambi kwerabi okanye omnye umntu afunde kwiTorah ngexesha lenkonzo. Umgca osuka kwiintsikelelo uqaphela umbono wokukhetha kwaye uthi: "Ukudumisile, Adonai, Thixo wethu, uMongami wehlabathi, ngokusinyula kuzo zonke izizwe kwaye usinike iTorah kaThixo." Inxalenye yesibini yentsikelelo ephindwayo emva kokufunda iTorah, kodwa ayibhekiseli kukhetho.
Ukutolikwa okungalunganga kokhetho
Ingqondo yokukhetha ihlala ingaqondwa kakuhle ngabantu ababengengomaYuda njengesibhengezo sokuphakama okanye nokuba nobuhlanga. Kodwa inkolelo yokuba amaJuda anyuliweyo enyanisweni ayinanto yakwenza nohlanga okanye ubuzwe. Ewe, ukhetho alunanto yakwenza nohlanga kangangokuba amaJuda akholelwa ukuba uMesiya uza kuhla kuRute, umMowabhikazi oguqukele kubuYuda kwaye ibali lakhe libhalwe "Kwincwadi kaRute" esebhayibhile.
AmaYuda akakholelwa ukuba ukuba lilungu labantu abanyuliweyo kuzisa iitalente ezikhethekileyo kubo okanye kubenza babhetele kunaye nabani na. Kumxholo wokhetho, iNcwadi ka-Amosi yada yaya kuthi: “Nguwe kuphela onyule kuzo zonke iintsapho zomhlaba. Kungenxa yoko le nto ndiyakumema ukuba ubacacisele bonke ubugwenxa bakho ”(Amosi 3: 2). Ngale ndlela, amaJuda abizwa ukuba abe "kukukhanya kweentlanga" (Isaya 42: 6) esenza okuhle emhlabeni ngokusebenzisa i-gemilut hasidim (izenzo zobubele bothando) kunye ne-tikkun olam (ukulungisa umhlaba). baziva bengakhululekanga ngegama elithi "abantu abanyuliweyo". Mhlawumbi ngenxa yezizathu ezifanayo, uMaimonides (isithandi sobulumko esingumYuda esidala) akazange asidwelise kwimigaqo yakhe eli-13 eyiSiseko seNkolo yobuJuda.
Izimvo kukhetho lweentshukumo ezahlukileyo zamaYuda
Iintshukumo ezintathu ezikhulu zezobuYuda: UbuYuda obuhlaziyiweyo, ubuYuda obuGcinileyo kunye nobuOthodoki bobuRhulumente buchaza umbono wabantu abakhethiweyo ngezi ndlela zilandelayo:
UbuYuda obuguqulweyo babona umbono waBantu abonyuliweyo njengesifaniso sokhetho esilwenzayo ebomini bethu. Onke amaJuda angamaYuda ngokhetho lokuba umntu ngamnye kufuneka enze isigqibo, ngaxa lithile ebomini babo, nokuba bafuna ukuhlala ngamaYuda. Kanye njengokuba uThixo wakhetha ukunika iTorah kumaSirayeli, namaYuda anamhlanje kufuneka enze isigqibo sokuba ayafuna na ukuba nolwalamano noThixo.
I-Conservative Judaism ibona umbono wokhetho njengelifa elikhethekileyo apho amaJuda akwaziyo ukuba nobudlelwane noThixo kwaye enze utshintsho kwihlabathi ngokunceda ukudala uluntu olunobubele.
Ubu-Orthodox bobu-Orthodox buthathela ingqalelo ingcinga yabantu abanyuliweyo njengobizo lokomoya olubophelela amaJuda kuThixo ngeTorah kunye ne-mizvot, apho amaJuda ayeyalelwe ukuba yinxalenye yobomi babo.