Yintoni iHanukkah yamaYuda?
IHanukkah (ngamanye amaxesha iguqulelwa njengeChanukah) yiholide yamaJuda ebhiyozelwa iintsuku ezisibhozo nobusuku obusibhozo. Iqala ngomhla wama-25 kwinyanga yesiHebhere yaseKisilev, engqamana nokuphela kukaNovemba-ukuphela kukaDisemba wekhalenda yehlabathi.
NgesiHebhere, igama elithi "hanukkah" lithetha "ukuzinikela". Igama lisikhumbuza ukuba le holide sisikhumbuzo sokunikezelwa kwetempile engcwele eJerusalem emva koloyiso lwamaJuda ama-Greek ama-Greek ngo-165 BC.
Ibali leHanukkah
Ngo-168 BCE, itempile yamaYuda yoyiswa ngamajoni aseSiriya namaGrike yaza yanikezelwa kunqulo lothixo uZeyus. Oku kwabothusa abantu abangamaJuda, kodwa uninzi lwaluloyika ukuziphindezela ngenxa yokoyika impindezelo. Kwathi ngo-167 BC umlawuli wase-Siriya u-Antiochus wenza ukugcinwa kobuJuda kohlwaywa ngokufa. Wayalela onke amaJuda ukuba anqule izithixo zamaGrike.
Ukuxhathisa kwamaJuda kwaqala kwilali yaseModiin, kufutshane neYerusalem. Amajoni amaGrike anyanzela iidolophana zamaJuda kwaye abaxelela ukuba baqubude kwisithixo, emva koko batye inyama yehagu, zozibini ezo zinto zazingavumelekanga kumaYuda. Igosa elingumGrike layalela uMattathias, umbingeleli omkhulu, ukuba athobele izicelo zabo, kodwa uMatatias wala. Xa omnye ummi waselalini esondela kwaye ethembisa ukusebenzisana egameni likaMattathias, uMbingeleli oMkhulu wacaphuka. Utsale ikrele lakhe wabulala umhlali, emva koko walayita eli gosa lambulala naye. Oonyana bakhe abahlanu nabanye abantu belali bahlasela amajoni aseleyo, ababulala bonke.
UMattatia nosapho lwakhe bazimela ezintabeni, apho amanye amaYuda afuna ukulwa namaGrike. Ekugqibeleni, bakwazi ukuwuthatha umhlaba wabo kumaGrike. Aba bavukeli baziwa ngokuba ziiMaccabees okanye iiHasmoneans.
Emva kokuba iiMaccabees ziphinde zalawula, zabuyela kwiNdlu yaseYerusalem. Ngeli xesha, yayingcolisiwe ngokomoya ekubeni yayisetyenziselwa ukunqula izithixo zasemzini kunye nezinto ezazisenziwa njengombingelelo wehagu. Imikhosi yamaJuda yayizimisele ukucoca itempile ngokutshisa ioyile yesiko kwitempile yetempile kangangeentsuku ezisibhozo. Kodwa bothuka bakufumanisa ukuba kushiyeke usuku olunye lweoyile etempileni. Bakhanyisa i-menorah kunjalo, kwaye bamangaliswa kukuba inani elincinci leoyile lahlala iintsuku ezisibhozo ezipheleleyo.
Lo ngummangaliso weoyile kaHanukkah ebhiyozelwa minyaka le xa amaJuda ekhanyisa i-menorah ekhethekileyo eyaziwa njenge-hanukkiya iintsuku ezisibhozo. Ikhandlela elinye likhanyisiwe ngobusuku bokuqala beHanukkah, ezimbini okwesibini, njalo njalo, de kube kukhanyiswe amakhandlela asibhozo.
IHanukkah intsingiselo
Ngokomthetho wamaJuda, iHanukkah yenye yeeholide zamaJuda ezingabalulekanga. Nangona kunjalo, iHanukkah iye yaziwa kakhulu kwinkqubo yanamhlanje ngenxa yokusondela kwayo kwiKrisimesi.
IHanukkah iwela ngomhla wamashumi amabini anesihlanu kwinyanga yamaJuda yaseKislev. Kuba ikhalenda yamaJuda isekwe enyangeni, usuku lokuqala lweHanukkah nyaka ngamnye luba ngosuku olwahlukileyo, ngesiqhelo phakathi kukaNovemba ukuya ngasekupheleni kukaDisemba. Kuba amaJuda amaninzi ahlala kwimimandla enamaKristu, iHanukkah iye yaba yimibhiyozo kunye neKrisimesi ekuhambeni kwexesha. Abantwana bamaJuda banikwa izipho zeHanukkah, zihlala zisisipho kubusuku ngabunye bomthendeleko. Abazali abaninzi banethemba lokuba ngokwenza iHanukkah ikhetheke ngokwenene, abantwana babo abazukuziva beshiywe ngaphandle kuyo yonke imithendeleko yeholide eyenzeka kubo.
Amasiko eHanukkah
Uluntu ngalunye lunezithethe zalo ezizodwa zeHanukkah, kodwa kukho ezinye izithethe ezenziwa phantse kwindalo iphela. Zizo: ukukhanyisa i-hanukkiyah, ukuguqula i-dreidel kunye nokutya ukutya okuthosiweyo.
Ukukhanyisa i-hanukkiya: Kunyaka ngamnye kulisiko ukukhumbula ummangaliso weoyile kaHanukkah ngokukhanyisa amakhandlela kwi-hanukkiyah. I-hanukkiyah ikhanyiswa rhoqo ngokuhlwa ubusuku obusibhozo.
Ukujikeleza i-dreidel: Umdlalo owaziwayo weHanukkah ujikeleza i-dreidel, enamacala amane aphezulu kunye noonobumba besiHebhere ababhalwe kwicala ngalinye. I-Gelt, eziingqekembe ze-chocolate ezigqunywe ngefoyile, ziyinxalenye yomdlalo
Yitya ukutya okosiweyo: Njengoko iHanukkah ibhiyozela ummangaliso weoyile, kuyinto yesiko ukutya ukutya okuthosiweyo okunje nge-latkes kunye ne-sufganiyot ngexesha leeholide. Iismoothies ziipancake zetapile kunye netswele, eziqhotswe ngeoyile emva koko zenziwa ngeapilesauce. I-Sufganiyot (isinye: i-sufganiyah) zii-donuts ezigcwaliswe ngamajusi eziqhotsiweyo kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zinothuli ngeswekile engumgubo ngaphambi kokutya.
Ukongeza kula masiko, zininzi iindlela ezonwabisayo zokubhiyozela iHanukkah nabantwana.