Yintoni imfihlakalo? Inkcazo kunye nemizekelo
Igama elithi mandicism lisuselwa kwigama lesiGrike i-fantes, elibhekisa kwisenzo senkolo eyimfihlo. Kuthetha ukufuna okanye ukufezekisa ubudlelane kunye nobuqu kunye noThixo (okanye enye indlela yenyani yobuThixo okanye yokugqibela). Umntu osukela ngempumelelo kwaye afezekise lo mnqweno unokubizwa ngokuba ungaqondakali.
Ngelixa amava eemfihlakalo ngokuqinisekileyo engaphandle kwamava emihla ngemihla, ngokubanzi awajongwa njengengamanyala okanye njengommangaliso. Oku kunokuba yinto edidayo ngenxa yokuba amagama athi "engaqondakaliyo" (njengakwi "Grande Houdini") kunye "engaqondakaliyo" adibene ngokusondeleyo kumagama "imfihlakalo" kunye "nemfihlakalo".
Ukuthatha ngokuQatha: yintoni imfihlakalo?
I-Mysticism ngamava obuqu obugqibeleleyo okanye obuNgcwele.
Ngamanye amaxesha, iimfihlakalo zizibonela ngokwazo njengenxalenye yobukumkani; Ngamanye amaxesha, bayazi ukuba oThixo wahlukile kubo.
Iintsomi zibekho kuyo yonke imbali, kwihlabathi liphela, kwaye zinokuvela kuyo nayiphi na inkolo, ubuhlanga okanye uqoqosho. Imfihlakalo iseyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yamava enkolo namhlanje.
Ezinye iimfihlakalo ezidumileyo zinempembelelo enkulu kwifilosofi, kwinkolo nakwezopolitiko.
Inkcazo kunye nokujonga ngokujongwa kwemfihlakalo
Iimfihlakalo zikhona kwaye ziyaqhubeka ukuvela kwizithethe ezininzi ezahlukileyo zonqulo kubandakanya ubuKristu, ubuYuda, ubuBuddha, ubuSilamsi, ubuHindu, ubuTao, iinkolo zase-Asia zase-Asia kunye neenkolo ezibonisa ukukhohlisa kunye nokukhohlakala kwihlabathi liphela. Ewe, izithethe ezininzi zibonelela ngeendlela ezithile apho iingcali zinokuba zizimanga. Eminye imizekelo yokungaqondakali kweenkolo zesithethe ibandakanya:
Ibinzana elithi "Atman yiBrahman" kubuHindu, eliguqulela ngokuthi "umphefumlo umnye noThixo".
Amava amaBuddha e-tathata, anokuchazwa ngokuthi "yinyani le" ngaphandle kwembono yemihla ngemihla, okanye amava eZen okanye iNirvana kubuBuddha.
Amava ama kabbalistic amaJuda emnqamlezweni, okanye iinkalo zikaThixo, eziqondwe nje, zinokunika ukuqonda okungaqhelekanga kwindalo kaThixo.
Amava ama-Shamanic kunye nemimoya okanye unxibelelwano kunye naphezulu ngokunxulumene nokuphiliswa, ukutolikwa kwamaphupha, njl njl.
Amava obuKhristu besityhilelo esivela kuye okanye sobudlelane noThixo.
I-Sufism, isebe eliyimfihlakalo lamaSilamsi, apho iingcali zilwela khona ukuba nobudlelane kunye noThixo ngokulala "kancinci, incoko, ukutya okuncinci".
Ngelixa yonke le mizekelo inokuchazwa njengeentlobo zemfihlakalo, yona ayifani. KwiBuddhism kunye neendlela ezithile zobuHindu, umzekelo, imfihlakalo imanyene kwaye iyinxalenye yaphezulu. Kwibukristu, ubuYuda kunye nobuSilamsi, kwelinye icala, iimfihlakalo zinxibelelana kwaye zibandakanyeka koThixo, kodwa zihlala zahlukile.
Ngokufanayo, kukho abo bakholelwa ukuba amava "enyaniso" angaqondakaliyo anokuchazwa ngamazwi; "amava angenakusebenza" okanye angachazeki angaqhelekanga abizwa ngokuba zi-apopathic. Ngenye indlela, kukho abo bakholelwa ukuba amava angaqondakaliyo kwaye banokuthi bachazwe ngamagama; I-kataphatic mandics yenza iinkcazo ezithile malunga namava angaqondakaliyo.
Abantu baba yinto engaqondakali njani
Imfihlakalo ayigcinelwe inkolo okanye iqela elithile labantu. Abafazi kunokwenzeka njengamadoda (okanye mhlawumbi kunokwenzeka ngakumbi) ukuba babe namava angaqondakaliyo. Ukutyhilelwa kunye nezinye iindlela zobumfihlakalo zihlala zijongwa ngamahlwempu, abangafundanga nabamnyama.
Kukho iindlela ezimbini ezingaziwayo. Uninzi lwabantu luzabalaza kubudlelane kunye no-thixo ngokusebenzisa uluhlu lwezinto ezinokuthi zibandakanye nantoni na ukusuka ekucamngceni nasekuculeni kuye kwi-asceticism ukuya kumazwe angenanto yakwenza neziyobisi. Abanye, ngokuyintloko, banefilosofi batyhiliselwe kubo ngenxa yamava angenakubaliswa anokubandakanya imibono, amazwi, okanye eminye imicimbi engeyiyo yezorhwebo.
Enye yeemfihlakalo ezidumileyo yayinguJoan waseArc. UJoan wayeyintombazana eneminyaka eli-13 ubudala engenamfundo isemthethweni eyathi yafumana imibono kunye namazwi ezingelosi ezazimkhokele ukuba zikhokele iFrance ukuba iphumelele iNgilane ngexesha leMfazwe yaMinyaka eliShumi. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, uThomas Merton yindoda efundiswe kakhulu nenesidima sokucinga esibonisa ukuba ubomi bayo buzinikele emthandazweni nasekubhaleni.
Iintsomi ngembali
I-Mysticism ibiyinxalenye yamava omntu kwihlabathi lonke eliirekhodiweyo. Ngelixa iimfihlakalo zisenokuba zezakweliphi na udidi, uhlobo okanye imvelaphi, zizalamane ezimbalwa kuphela eziye zanefuthe elibonakalayo kwintanda-bulumko, kwezopolitiko okanye kwezenkolo.
Iintsomi zamandulo
Kwakukho iimfihlakalo ezazidume kwihlabathi liphela nakumaxesha amandulo. Uninzi, ewe, babelusizi okanye babaziwa kwiindawo zabo zakwasekhaya, kodwa abanye baye batshintsha ikhosi ngokwembali. Apha ngezantsi luluhlu olufutshane kwezinye zezona zinempembelelo.
Ugqirha omkhulu wezibalo ongumGrike uPythagoras wazalwa ngonyaka ka-570 BC kwaye wayedume ngokutyhilelwa kunye neemfundiso ngomphefumlo.
Wazalwa malunga nowama-563 BC, uSiddhārtha Gautama (uBuddha) kuthiwa wakufumana ukukhanya xa ehleli phantsi komthi we-bodhi. Iimfundiso zakhe zinempembelelo enkulu kwihlabathi.
Confucius. Wazalwa malunga nowama-551 BC, uConfucius wayengusosithethi saseTshayina, isithandi sobulumko kunye nemfihlakalo. Iimfundiso zakhe zazibalulekile kumhla wakhe kwaye wabona ukuzalwa kwakhona okuthandwayo kwiminyaka edlulileyo.
Iintsomi zamaxesha amaNqaku
Ngexesha lamaXesha Aphakathi eYurophu, babebaninzi bemfihlakalo abathi babona okanye beve iingcwele, okanye amava ohlobo lomthendeleko nakanjani na. Ezinye zezona zidume kakhulu:
UMeister Eckhart, ugqirha wezakwalizwi waseDominican, umbhali kunye nembali, wazalwa malunga ne-1260. I-Eckhart isathathelwa ingqalelo njengenye yezimanga zaseJamani kwaye imisebenzi yakhe isenempembelelo.
USanta Teresa d'Avila, ununan waseSpain, wayephila kwiminyaka yoo-1500. Wayengomnye wababhali abaziimvo, ababhali nabafundisi beCawa yamaKatolika.
U-Eleazar ben Juda, owazalwa ngeminyaka yoo-1100s, wayengumntu ongaqondakaliyo ongumJuda kunye nomphengululi ogama iincwadi zisafundwa nanamhlanje.
Iintsomi zexeshana
I-Mysticism yaqhubeka iyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yamava enkolo ukusukela kumaXesha Aphakathi ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje. Ezinye zezona ziganeko zibalulekileyo ze-1700s nangaphaya zingalandelelwa zibuyele kumava angaqhelekanga. Imizekelo ibandakanya:
UMartin Luther, umsunguli woHlaziyo, usekele kuninzi lweengcinga zakhe kwimisebenzi kaMeister Eckhart kwaye usenokuba wayeyimfihlakalo ngokwakhe.
Umama u-Ann Lee, umseki wooShaka, wanamava imibono kunye nezityhilelo ezathi zamzisa e-United States.
UJoseph Smith, umseki weMormonism kunye ne-Latter-day Saint harakati, waqalisa umsebenzi wakhe emva kokufumana uthotho lwemibono.
Ngaba imfihlakalo yinyani?
Ayikho indlela yokubonisa ubungqina bokwenyani. Ewe, uninzi lwezinto ekuthiwa ziyimfihlakalo zinokuba sisiphumo sokugula ngengqondo, isifo sokuwa okanye isifo sengqondo esibambekayo. Nangona kunjalo, abafundi bezenkolo nabezengqondo kunye nabaphandi badla ngokuvuma ukuba amava e-fide fisics abalulekile kwaye abalulekile. Ezinye zezihloko ezixhasa le mbono zibandakanya:
Ubunye bamava angaqondakaliyo: ibiyinxalenye yamava abantu ukutyhubela imbali, kwihlabathi liphela, ngaphandle kwezizathu ezinxulumene nobudala, isini, ubutyebi, imfundo okanye inkolo.
Impembelelo yamava angaqondakaliyo: Amava amaninzi angaqondakaliyo abenegalelo elinzulu kwaye kunzima ukuchaza iimpembelelo kubantu kwihlabathi liphela. Imibono kaJoan waseArc, umzekelo, ikhokelele kwimpumelelo yaseFrance kwiMfazwe yeMinyaka eliShumi.
Ukungakwazi kweengcali ze-neurologists kunye nezinye izazinzulu zeli xesha ukuchaza ubuncinci amava angaqhelekanga afana "nayo yonke into entloko".
Njengoko isazi ngengqondo esikhulu kunye nesithandi-sobulumko uWilliam James esitsho kwincwadi yakhe Iindidi zamava enkolo: ufundisiso lomntu, “Nangona befana kakhulu nemeko yokuziva bethetha, iimfihlakalo ziyabonakala kwabo bazibonayo ukuba bezikwangumhlaba wolwazi . ..) Kukukhanya, ukutyhileka, inentsingiselo kunye nokubaluleka, konke okwaseluntwini nangona kuhlala kunjalo; kwaye, njengomthetho, zizisa nemvakalelo yokufuna igunya ngexesha lasemva kwexesha ".