Yintoni i-monasticism? Isikhokelo esipheleleyo senkqubo yenkolo
I-Monasticism sisiko lenkolo lokuphila ngokwahlukana nehlabathi, ihlala yodwa kwindawo enabantu abalingane, ukuthintela isono nokusondela kuThixo.
Eli gama lisuka kwigama lesiGrike elithi monachos, elithetha umntu onesizungu. Iimonks zeentlobo ezimbini: amanani e-hermitic okanye eyedwa; kunye cenobitics, abo bahlala kusapho okanye kwisivumelwano ekuhlaleni.
Imonicalism yokuqala
Ubukristu buqala e-Egypt naseMantla e-Afrika malunga ne-AD 270, kunye nootata benkqantosi, oosomashishini abangena entlango banikezela ukutya namanzi ukunqanda ukulingwa. Omnye weemonki zokuqala ezibhalwe zodwa ngu-Abba Antony (251-356), owathatha umhlala phantsi waya kwinqaba eyomileyo ukuba athandaze kwaye acamngce. UAbaba Pacomias (292-346) wase-Egypt uthathwa njengomsunguli weemonki ze-cenobite okanye uluntu.
Kwiindawo zokuqala zase-monastic, imonki nganye yayithandaza, izila ukutya kwaye isebenza yodwa, kodwa oku kwaqala ukutshintsha xa uAugustine (354-430), ubhishophu waseHippo eMantla e-Afrika, wabhala umthetho okanye iseti yemiyalelo yoonongendi kunye noonongendi ulawulo lwayo. Kuyo, wagxininisa kwintlupheko kunye nomthandazo njengesiseko sobomi bemonakalo. UAugustine ukwabandakanya ukuzila ukutya kunye nokusebenza njengeempawu ezintle zobuKristu. Ulawulo lwakhe lwalungenazinkcukacha zincinci kunabanye ababeza kulandela, kodwa uBenedict waseNorcia (480-547), owayebhale nomthetho woonongendi kunye noonesi, wathembela kakhulu kwizimvo zika-Augustine.
I-Monasticism yasasazeka kwiMeditera naseYurophu, ikakhulu ngenxa yomsebenzi weemonki zaseIreland. KumaXesha Aphakathi, umthetho we-Benedictine, osekwe kwingqondo esebenzayo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle, wawusasazekile eYurophu.
Iimonki zikamasipala zisebenze nzima ukuxhasa ikhaya labo leemonki. Rhoqo umhlaba weemonki wawunikwa bona kuba wawukude okanye uthathwa njengongalunganga kwezolimo. Ngokuzama kunye nephutha, iimonki zigqibelele izinto ezininzi zezolimo. Baye babandakanyeka kwimisebenzi enjengokukhuphela imibhalo-ngqangi yeBhayibhile kunye noncwadi lwakudala, ukubonelela ngemfundo kunye nokwenza ngcono uyilo kunye nomsebenzi wesinyithi. Babekhathalela abagulayo nabangamahlwempu, kwaye ngeXesha eliPhakathi bagcina iincwadi ezininzi ezaziza kulahleka. Uxolo kunye nentsebenziswano kubudlelane ngaphakathi koonongendi kuhlala kungumzekelo kuluntu olungaphandle kwalo.
Ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX neye-XNUMX, ukuxhatshazwa kwaqala ukuvela. Ngelixa ezopolitiko zazilawula iCawa yamaRoma Katolika, ookumkani kunye nabukhosi babesebenzisa izindlu zeemonki njengehotele ngexesha lohambo kwaye belindele ukuba bondliwe kwaye bahlala ezindlini ngendlela eseburhulumenteni. Imithetho yokutsala yabekwa koononjineli abancinci kunye noonesi be-novice; Ukwaphulwa komthetho kuhlala kugwetywa ngokugqogqa.
Ezinye izindlu zoonongendi zaba zizityebi ngelixa ezinye zazingenakukwazi ukuzixhasa. Njengoko imeko yezobupolitika nezoqoqosho itshintshile ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, iimonki zineempembelelo ezimbalwa. Ekugqibeleni iinguqu zecawa zabuyisa ii monasteries kwinjongo yazo yasekuqaleni njengezindlu zokuthandaza kunye nokucamngca.
Imonicalism namhlanje
Namhlanje, uninzi lweenkosi zamaRoma Katolika kunye nezobuOthodoki zisinda kwihlabathi liphela, ukusukela kwiindawo ekuhlalwa kuzo apho iitrappist iimonki okanye oonongendi benza isifungo sokuthula, ukufundisa kunye nemibutho yabasebenzi abaxhasa abagulayo nabangathathi ntweni. Ubomi bemihla ngemihla buquka amaxesha amaningana acwangcisiweyo omthandazo, ukucamngca kunye nezicwangciso zomsebenzi zokuhlawula amatyala oluntu.
I-Monasticism ihlala igxekwa njengengahambelani neBhayibhile. Abachasayo bathi iKomishini eNkulu iyalela amaKristu ukuba aphume aye kushumayela emhlabeni. Nangona kunjalo, uAugustine, uBenedict, uBasil nabanye banyanzelisa ukuba ukwahlukana noluntu, ukuzila ukutya, ukusebenza kunye nokuzincama yayiziindlela kuphela zokuphela, kwaye isiphelo yayikukuthanda uThixo. Ibisenza imisebenzi yokufumana ukulunga kuThixo, batsho, kodwa endaweni yoko yenziwa ukususa imiqobo yehlabathi phakathi kwemonki okanye unongendi noThixo.
Abaxhasi bobuKristu beemonki bathi iimfundiso zikaYesu Krestu ngobutyebi zingumqobo ebantwini. Baphakamisa indlela yokuphila engqongqo kaJohn uMbhaptizi njengomzekelo wokuzikhanyela kwaye bacacisa ukuzila kukaYesu entlango ukukhusela ukuzila ukutya kunye nokutya okulula, okuncinci. Okokugqibela, bacaphula uMateyu 16:24 njengesizathu sokuthobela nokuthobela: Emva koko uYesu wathi kubafundi bakhe: "Nabani na ofuna ukuba ngumfundi wam makazincame, athabathe umnqamlezo andilandele." (NIV)