Ngubani uSanta Francis wase-Assisi? Iimfihlelo zeyona ngcwele idumileyo e-Itali
U-St. Francis wase-Assisi wabushiya ubomi obutofotofo ngobomi obuzinikele kubuKrestu emva kokuva ilizwi likaThixo, owamyalela ukuba akhe kwakhona icawe yobuKristu kwaye aphile kwintlupheko. Ungumgcini wezinto eziphilayo.
Ngubani u-Saint Francis wase-Assisi?
Uzalelwe e-Itali malunga ne-1181, uSanta Francis wase-Assisi wayedume ngokusela kunye nokuzonwabisa ebusheni bakhe. Emva kokulwa edabini phakathi kweAssisi nePerugia, uFrancesco wabanjwa wavalelwa entolongweni. Wachitha phantse unyaka entolongweni - elinde intlawulo katata wakhe - kwaye, ngokwentsomi, waqala ukufumana imibono evela kuThixo.Emva kokukhululwa kwakhe entolongweni, uFrancis weva ilizwi likaKrestu, owamxelela ukuba alungise iCawe. UmKristu kwaye uphile ubomi bentlupheko. Ngenxa yoko, wabushiya ubomi bakhe obutofotofo kwaye waba ngumkhonzi wokholo, igama lakhe lasasazeka kwilizwe lamaKristu.
Kamva ebomini, uFrancis waxelwa ukuba wamfumana umbono owamshiya enehlazo likaKrestu-imiqondiso ekhumbuza amanxeba awawabethwa nguYesu Krestu xa wayebethelelwa emnqamlezweni - esenza ukuba uFrancis abe ngumntu wokuqala ukufumana amanxeba angcwele. Wabekwa njengongcwelengcwele nge-16 kaJulayi, ngo-1228. Ngexesha lokuphila kwakhe wavelisa uthando olunzulu ngendalo kunye nezilwanyana kwaye waziwa njengongcwele ongqongileyo wendalo kunye nezilwanyana; Ubomi bakhe kunye namazwi akhe abe nesandi esingapheliyo nezigidi zabalandeli kwihlabathi liphela. Rhoqo ngo-Okthobha, izilwanyana ezininzi kwihlabathi liphela ziyasikelelwa ngomhla wakhe womthendeleko.
Iminyaka yokuqala yobutofotofo
Wazalelwa malunga ne-1181 e-Assisi, eDuchy yaseSpoleto, e-Itali, i-St. Francis yase-Assisi, nangona ihlonitshwa namhlanje, yaqala ubomi bayo njengomoni oqinisekisiweyo. Utata wakhe wayengumthengisi osisityebi welaphu owayenomhlaba wezolimo ejikeleze iAssisi kwaye umama wakhe wayengumfazi ongumFrentshi. UFrancesco wayengaswele ngexesha lobutsha bakhe; Wonakaliswa kwaye wazitika ngokutya okumnandi, iwayini kunye namaqela asendle. Xa wayeneminyaka eli-14 ubudala, wayeka isikolo waza waziwa njengomntu oselula ovukelayo owayedla ngokusela, aye emthendelekweni, kwaye aphule ixesha lokubuya ekhaya. Wayesaziwa ngokuba nomtsalane namampunge.
Kwezi ndawo zinelungelo, uFrancesco d'Assisi wafunda izakhono zokutola, ukulwa kunye nokugibela ihashe. Wayelindelwe ukuba alandele utata wakhe kwishishini lempahla eyolukiweyo kodwa wayedikwe lithemba lokuhlala kurhwebo lwempahla eyolukiweyo. Endaweni yokuceba ikamva njengomrhwebi, waqala waphupha ngekamva njenge-knight; I-knights yayingamaqhawe esenzo esiphakathi, kwaye ukuba uFrancis wayenalo naliphi na ibhongo, wayefanele ukuba abe ligorha lemfazwe njengabo. Akuzukuthatha xesha lide ngaphambi kokuba ithuba lokulwa imfazwe lisondele.
Ngo-1202 kwaqhambuka imfazwe phakathi kweAssisi nePerugia, waza uFrancesco wakuthabathela ngehlombe ukuhlala emkhosini. Wayengazi ngoko, amava akhe emfazweni ayakumtshintsha ngonaphakade.
Imfazwe nokuvalelwa
UFrancis kunye namadoda ase-Assisi ahlaselwa ngokumasikizi kwaye, ebusweni bamanani aphezulu, babaleka. Yonke inkundla yemfazwe yayigqunywe yimizimba yamadoda axheliweyo nawonzakalisiweyo, ekhala kabuhlungu. Uninzi lwamajoni aseleyo ase-Assisi abulawa kwangoko.
Engafanelekanga kwaye engenamava okulwa, uFrancis wabanjwa ngokukhawuleza ngamajoni otshaba. Enxibe njengendwalutho kwaye enxibe isikrweqe esinexabiso eliphezulu, wayegqalwa njengofanelwe yintlawulelo efanelekileyo, kwaye amajoni agqiba kwelokuba abusindise ubomi bakhe. Yena kunye namanye amajoni azizityebi athathwa njengamabanjwa, akhokelwa kwisisele esingaphantsi komhlaba. UFrancis wayenokuchitha phantse unyaka kwezi meko zilusizi - elinde intlawulo katata wakhe - ngexa apho wayenokuba nesifo esibi. Kananjalo ngeli xesha, wayeza kuthi kamva anike ingxelo, waqala ukufumana imibono evela kuThixo.
Emva kwemfazwe
Emva konyaka kuthethathethwano, intlawulelo kaFrancis yamkelwa kwaye wakhululwa entolongweni ngo-1203. Noko ke, xa wabuyela eAssisi, uFrancis wayeyindoda eyahluke mpela. Ukubuya kwakhe, wayegula kakhulu engqondweni nasemzimbeni, ulixhoba lomlo elidiniweyo.
Ngenye imini, njengebali, njengoko wayekhwele ihashe emaphandleni, uFrancis wadibana neqhenqa. Ngaphambi kwemfazwe, uFrancis wayebalekile eneqhenqa, kodwa kwesi sihlandlo indlela yakhe yokuziphatha yayihluke kakhulu. Ukubona umntu oneqhenqa njengophawu lwesazela sokuziphatha- okanye njengoYesu incognito, ngokutsho kwabanye abaphengululi benkolo - wamwola wamanga, kamva wachaza amava njengemvakalelo yobumnandi emlonyeni. Emva kwesi siganeko, uFrancesco waziva eyinkululeko engenakuchazeka. Indlela yakhe yokuphila yangaphambili yayilahlekile.
Emva kwexesha, uFrancis, ngoku owayekwiminyaka yamashumi amabini, waqalisa ukugxila kuThixo, endaweni yokuba asebenze, wachitha ixesha elininzi kwindawo ethe qelele yentaba nakwiicawe ezindala, ezizolileyo eAssisi, ethandaza, efuna iimpendulo, kwaye enceda abaneqhenqa. Ngeli xesha, xa wayethandaza phambi komnqamlezo wamandulo waseByzantium ecaweni yaseSan Damiano, uFrancis watyholwa ngokuva ilizwi likaKristu, owamxelela ukuba akhe iCawa yamaKrestu kwaye aphile ubomi obuhlwempuzekileyo. UFrancis wathobela kwaye wazinikela kubuKrestu. Waqala ukushumayela eAssisi kwaye kungekudala wathelelwa ngabalandeli abathembekileyo abali-12.
Abanye babemjonga uFrancis njengesidenge okanye isidenge, kodwa abanye babemjonga njengomnye wemizekelo ebalaseleyo yendlela yokuphila indlela yobuKristu ukusukela ngexesha likaYesu Krestu ngokwakhe. Nokuba wayechukunyiswe nyhani nguThixo, okanye ngumntu ocacise gca ukubona izinto ezingekhoyo ezibangelwe kukugula ngengqondo kunye / okanye impilo enkenenkene, uFrancis waseAssisi wakhawuleza waduma kwihlabathi lamaKristu.
Ukuzinikela ebuKristwini
Emva kwe-epiphany ecaweni yaseSan Damiano, uFrancesco wafumana elinye ixesha lokuthatha isigqibo ebomini bakhe. Ukwenza imali yokwakha kwakhona icawe yobuKrestu, wathengisa isiqwenga selaphu kwivenkile kayise, kunye nehashe lakhe. Utata wakhe waba nomsindo akuva ngezenzo zonyana wakhe emva koko warhuqa uFrancis phambi kobhishophu walapho. Ubishophu waxelela uFrancis ukuba abuyise imali katata wakhe, indlela awayeziphendula ngayo yayingaqhelekanga: wakhulula iimpahla zakhe, kunye nabo, wabuyisela imali kuyise, evakalisa ukuba uThixo kuphela kotata amaziyo. Esi siganeko sibizwa njengokuguqulwa kokugqibela kukaFrancis kwaye akukho nto ibonisa ukuba uFrancis noyise baphinde bathetha emva koko.
Ubishophu wanika uFrancis ingubo erhabaxa kwaye wanxiba ezi mpahla zintsha zithobekileyo, uFrancis wemka eAssisi. Ngelishwa lakhe, abantu bokuqala awadibana nabo esitalatweni liqela lamasela ayingozi, ambetha kanobom. Ngaphandle kokonzakala, uFrancis wavuya. Ukususela ngoku uya kuphila ngokweendaba ezilungileyo.
Ukwamkela kukaFrancis ubuhlwempu obunjengobukaKristu yayiyinto eguqukayo ngelo xesha. Inkonzo yobuKrestu yayityebe ngokubalaseleyo, kanye njengabantu ababeyiqhuba, eyayichaphazela uFrancis nabanye abaninzi, ababecinga ukuba iinjongo zabapostile kudala zazisuswe. UFrancis waqalisa iphulo lokubuyisela amaxabiso okuqala kukaYesu Krestu kwicawa ebolayo ngoku. Ngothando lwakhe olukhulu, watsala amawaka wabalandeli kuye. Bazimamela iintshumayelo zikaFrancis kwaye bajoyina indlela yakhe yokuphila; abalandeli bakhe baziwa ngokuba ziiFranciscan friars.
Ukuqhubeka nokuzityhalela phambili ekufuneni ukufezekiswa ngokomoya, kungekudala uFrancis waqala ukushumayela kwiidolophana ezintlanu ngemini, efundisa uhlobo olutsha lwenkolo yobuKristu yeemvakalelo nezobuqu ezinokuqondwa ngabantu abaqhelekileyo. Wade washumayela nasezilwanyaneni, nto leyo eyafumana ukugxekwa ngabanye yaza yamnika igama elithi "isidenge sikaThixo." Kodwa umyalezo kaFrancis wawusasazeke ngokubanzi kwaye amawaka abantu babenomdla koko bakuvayo.
Kuxelwe ukuba, ngo-1224 uFrancis wafumana umbono owamshiya nehlazo likaKrestu - imiqondiso eyayikhumbuza amanxeba awawabethwa nguYesu Krestu xa wayebethelelwa emnqamlezweni, ngezandla zakhe nenxeba elivulekileyo lomkhonto ecaleni lakhe. Oku kwenza ukuba uFrancis abe ngumntu wokuqala ukufumana izilonda ezingcwele ze-stigmata. Babeza kuhlala bebonakala bonke ubomi bakhe. Ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe wangaphambili wokunyanga abantu abaneqhenqa, abanye bakholelwa ukuba amanxeba ayenempawu zeqhenqa.
Kutheni iSt Francis ingcwele yezilwanyana?
Namhlanje, uSt.Francis waseAssisi ngcwele yomgcini wezinto eziphilayo, isihloko esihlonipha uthando lwakhe olungenamkhawulo ngezilwanyana kunye nendalo.
Ukufa nelifa
Njengoko uFrancis wayesondela ekufeni kwakhe, abaninzi babecinga ukuba ungcwele ekwenzeni. Njengoko impilo yakhe yaqala ukonakala ngokukhawuleza, uFrancis wabuyela ekhaya. Amaqhawe athunyelwa evela e-Assisi ukuba amkhusele kwaye aqinisekise ukuba akukho nanye kwiidolophu ezikufutshane ezamthabathayo (umzimba womntu ongcwele wabonwa ngelo xesha, njengesixhobo esinexabiso elixabisekileyo eliza kuzisa, phakathi kwezinto ezininzi, uzuko kwilizwe apho uphumle).
UFrancis waseAssisi wasweleka nge-3 ka-Okthobha ka-1226, eneminyaka eyi-44, e-Assisi, e-Itali. Namhlanje, uFrancis unengxolo engapheliyo nezigidi zabalandeli kwihlabathi liphela. Wabekwa njengongcwele kwiminyaka emibini kuphela emva kokubhubha kwakhe, nge-16 kaJulayi ngo-1228, ngowayengumkhuseli wakhe wangaphambili, uPopu Gregory IX. Namhlanje, uSt.Francis waseAssisi ngcwele yomgcini wezinto eziphilayo, isihloko esihlonipha uthando lwakhe olungenamkhawulo ngezilwanyana kunye nendalo. Ngo-2013 uKhadinali Jorge Mario Bergoglio wakhetha ukuhlonipha iSt. Francis ngokuthatha igama lakhe, waba ngu-Pope Francis.