Yabhalwa Ngubani iBhayibhile?
Amaxesha amaninzi, uYesu wenza ireferensi ngokubanzi kwabo babhala ibhayibhile xa wayesithi "kubhaliwe kwathiwa" (uMateyu 11:10, 21:13, 26:24, 26:31, njl.). Ewe, kwinguqulelo ye-KJV yeBhayibhile, esi sivakalisi sibhalwe kungekho ngaphantsi kwamaxesha angamashumi amabini. Isicatshulwa sakhe esivela kwiDuteronomi 8: 3, ngethuba lokulingwa kwakhe ngumtyholi iintsuku ezingamashumi amane, siqinisekisa ubunyani beTestamente eNdala nokuba ngubani owayibhalayo (Matewu 4: 4).
Ngokubhekisele kwabo babhala iincwadi ezahlukeneyo zebhayibhile, kuyaziwa ukuba nguMoses wabhala iTorah. Oko kuthathwa njengeTora, okanye uMthetho, kwenziwa ngeencwadi ezintlanu (iGenesis, iEksodus, iLevitikus, iNumeri kunye neDuteronomi) ezibhalwe ngexesha leminyaka engamashumi amane xa amaSirayeli ebhadula entlango.
UMoses, emva kokuba iincwadi zakhe zebhayibhile zigqityiwe, ababingeleli abangabaLevi babekwa ngaphakathi kwiTyeya yomnqophiso ukuze kubhekiswe kubo (Duteronomi 31:24 - 26, jonga ne-Eksodus 24: 4)
Ngokwesiko lamaHebhere, uYoshuwa okanye uEzra bafake, ekupheleni kweDuteronomi, ingxelo yokufa kukaMoses. Incwadi yesibhalo egama linguYoshuwa ibizwa ngegama lakhe kuba wayibhala. Iqhubekile apho indawo kaMoses yaphela kwiNcwadi yoMthetho (uYoshuwa 24:26). Incwadi yabagwebi ikhangeleka ibhalwe nguSamuweli, kodwa akucaci ukuba wayibhala nini kanye kanye.
Umprofeti uIsaya kukholelwa ukuba wabhala incwadi yoku-1 neyesi-2 kaSamuweli, eyoku-1 yooKumkani, icandelo lokuqala leyesi-2 yooKumkani kunye nencwadi ebizwa ngegama lakhe. Eminye imithombo, efana nePelubert Bible Dictionary, ithi ezi ncwadi zabhalwa ngabantu abanjengoSamuel ngokwakhe (1 Samuweli 10:25), uNatan umprofeti kunye noGadi imboni.
Iincwadi zembali yokuqala neyesibini ngokwesiko kuthiwa ngamaYuda nguEzra, kunye necandelo elibizwa ngegama lakhe. Kufuneka iqatshelwe into yokuba abanye abaphengululi banamhlanje bakholelwa ukuba ezi ncwadi zabhalwa ngomnye umntu emva kokubhubha kuka-Ezra.
Iincwadi zebhayibhile ezithiywe ngoYobhi, uRute, uEstere, abaprofeti abathathu abaphambili (u-Isaya, uHezekile noYeremiya), abaprofeti abalishumi abancinci (uAmosi, uHabhakuki, uHagayi, uHoseya, uYoweli, uYona, uMalaki, uMika, uNaum, uObhadiya, uZekariya, noZefaniya), kunye noNehemiya noDaniel, nganye yazo yabhalwa ngumntu elivela kuye eli candelo.
Nangona uKumkani uDavide wabhala iiNdumiso ezininzi, ababingeleli ababekhonza ngexesha lokumkani, kunye noSolomon kunye noJeremiya, ngamnye kubo wanegalelo kweli candelo. Incwadi yeMizekeliso yabhalwa ikakhulu nguSolomon, owaqamba INtshumayeli neengoma zikaSolomon.
Kuthathe ixesha elingakanani ukubhala iTestamente eNdala, ukusuka kumzuzu wencwadi yokuqala ukuya kumbhali wesahluko sayo sokugqibela? Ngokumangalisayo, incwadi yokuqala yeTestamente eNdala ebhalwe, ngokulandelelana kwexesha, yayingengoMoses kodwa yayinguYobhi! UYobhi wabhala incwadi yakhe malunga ne-1660 BC, ngaphezulu kwamakhulu amabini eminyaka ngaphambi kokuba uMoses aqale ukubhala.
UMalaki wabhala incwadi yokugqibela eyayiqukiwe njengenxalenye yeTestamente eNdala eyamiselwa malunga ne-400 BC Oku kuthetha ukuba kwathatha ngaphezulu kweminyaka eli-1.200 ukubhala iBhayibhile ekuphela kwayo eyayikho kwicawa yeTestamente eNtsha.
Kwakukho ababhali abasibhozo beTestamente eNtsha. Iincwadi ezimbini zeVangeli zabhalwa ngabantu ababengabafundi bakaYesu bokuqala (uMateyu noYohane) nababini ababengengabo (uMarko noLuka). IZenzo zabhalwa nguLuka.
Umpostile uPawulos wabhala iincwadi ezilishumi elinesine okanye iincwadi, ezifana namaRoma, amaGalati, ama-Efese, amaHebhere, njalo njalo, iincwadi ezimbini zithunyelwa kwicawa yaseKorinte, icawa yaseTesalonika, kunye nomhlobo wakhe osondeleyo uTimoti. Umpostile uPetros wabhala iincwadi ezimbini waza uYohane wabhala ezine. Iincwadi eziseleyo, uYude noYakobi, zabhalwa ngabantakwabo Yesu.