Ukuchasana phakathi kukaYohane kunye neeVangeli zeSynnos

Ukuba ukhule ujonge kwisitalato saseSesame, njengoko ndenzile, mhlawumbi ukhe wabona enye yeengoma ezininzi zengoma ethi: “Enye yezi zinto ayifani nezinye; enye yezo zinto ayisiyonto. " Umbono kukuthelekisa izinto ezi-4 okanye ezi-5 ezahlukeneyo, uze ukhethe ezo ezahlukileyo ngokucacileyo kwezinye.

Okungaqhelekanga ngokwaneleyo, ngumdlalo ongawudlala ngeeVangeli ezine zeTestamente eNtsha.

Kumakhulu eminyaka, abafundi bebhayibhile kunye nabafundi ngokubanzi bebone ulwahlulo olukhulu kwiiVangeli ezine zeTestamente eNtsha. Ngokukodwa, iVangeli kaYohane yahlukile ngeendlela ezininzi kwiincwadi zeVangeli zikaMateyu, uMarko noLuka. Olu candelo luqine kwaye lubonakala kangangokuba uMathew, uMark noLuka banegama labo elikhethekileyo: Iincwadi zeVangeli eziSynoptiki.

ukufana
Masenze into ecacileyo: Andifuni kwenza ukuba kubonakale ngathi iVangeli kaJohn iphantsi kwezinye iiVangeli, okanye iyaphikisana nayo nayiphi na enye incwadi yeTestamente eNtsha. Ayifani kwaphela. Ngokwenqanaba ngokubanzi, iVangeli kaYohane ifana kakhulu kwiincwadi zeVangeli zikaMateyu, uMarko noLuka.

Umzekelo, iVangeli likaYohane ziyafana kwiincwadi zeVangeli ezibonisa ukuba ezi ncwadi zine zeVangeli zibalisa ibali likaYesu Krestu. IVangeli nganye ivakalisa eli bali ngokusebenzisa iilenti ezibalisayo (ngamabali, ngamanye amagama), kwaye zombini iiNcwadi zeVangeli ezilandelelanayo kunye noYohane zibandakanya izigaba eziphambili zobomi bukaYesu: ukuzalwa kwakhe, ubulungiseleli bakhe esidlangalaleni, ukufa kwakhe emnqamlezweni kunye Ukuvuka kwakhe engcwabeni.

Ukuya nzulu, kucacile ukuba bobabini iVangeli kunye neencwadi zeVangeli eziphefumlelweyo ziveza intshukumo efanayo xa bebalisa ibali lobulungiseleli bukaYesu esidlangalaleni kunye neziganeko eziphambili ezakhokelela ekubethelekeni emnqamlezweni nasekuvusweni kwakhe. Bobabini uYohane kunye neeVangeli zeSinodiyo zibonisa unxibelelwano phakathi kukaYohane umbhaptizi noYesu (Marko 1: 4-8; Yohane 1: 19-36). Zombini zabalasela kubulungiseleli bukaYesu obuseGalili (Marko 1: 14-15; Yohane 4: 3) kwaye bobabini badlulisela ukujonga ngokusondeleyo kwiveki yokugqibela uYesu awayichitha eYerusalem (Mateyu 21: 1-11; Yohane 12 : 12-15).

Ngokunjalo, iiVangeli zeSynoptiki kunye nekaYohane zithetha ngeziganeko ezizezinye ezifanayo ezenzeka ngexesha lobulungiseleli bukaYesu. Imizekelo ibandakanya ukondla abangama-5.000 (Marko 6: 34-44; Yohane 6: 1-15), uYesu ohamba phezu kwamanzi (Marko 6: 45-54; Yohane 6: 16-21) kwaye uninzi lweziganeko ezibhaliweyo kwiVeki yePasika (umz. uLuka 22: 47-53; Yohane 18: 2-12).

Okubaluleke ngakumbi, imixholo ebali likaYesu ihlala inamathelene kuzo zone iincwadi zeVangeli. Ngasinye seVangeli sibhala ngoYesu engqubana rhoqo neenkokeli zonqulo zelo xesha, kubandakanya abaFarasi nabanye abafundisi bomthetho. Ngokukwanjalo, nganye yeVangeli irekhoda uhambo olucothayo nolunqabileyo lwabafundi bakaYesu ngokuvuma kodwa nangokuhlanya luye luye kumadoda anqwenela ukuhlala ngasekunene kukaYesu kubukumkani bamazulu- kwaye kamva kumadoda aphendule ngovuyo nangokuthandabuza kukuvuka kukaYesu kwabafileyo. Okokugqibela, nganye yeVangeli igxile kwiimfundiso ezisisiseko zikaYesu malunga nobizo lokuba abantu baguquke, ubunyani bomnqophiso omtsha, ubuThixo bukaYesu, imeko ephakamileyo yobukumkani bukaThixo njalo njalo.

Ngamanye amagama, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba akukho ndawo kwaye nangayiphi na indlela iVangeli kaYohane iyangqubana nengxelo okanye umyalezo wezakwangoko kwiVangeli zeSynoptiki. Izinto eziphambili zembali kaYesu kunye nemixholo ephambili yobulungiseleli bakhe bokufundisa ihlala ifana kuzo zone iincwadi zeVangeli.

umahluko
Emva kokuthetha loo nto, kukho umahluko obonakalayo phakathi kweVangeli kaYohane naleyo kaMateyu, kaMarko noLuka. Ewe, omnye umahluko ophambili ujongene nokuhamba kweziganeko ezahlukeneyo kubomi nakulungiselelo lukaYesu.

Ngaphandle komehluko noyantlukwano ngesitayile, iiVangeli zeSynnetic zigubungela iziganeko ezifanayo ngexesha lobomi kunye nobulungiseleli bukaYesu.Benikela ingqalelo ebanzi ngexesha lolawulo lukawonke-wonke lukaYesu kuyo yonke imimandla yelaseGalili, iJerusalem nakwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. kubandakanya - kubandakanya imimangaliso efanayo, iintetho, izibhengezo ezibalulekileyo kunye nokungqubana. Kuyinyani, ababhali obahlukileyo kwiVangeli zeSyopoptiki bahlala bezicwangcisa ezi ziganeko ngokokulandelelana ngokokukhetha neenjongo ezizodwa; nangona kunjalo, kunokuthiwa iincwadi zikaMatew, ezikaMarko kunye nezikaLuka zilandela iskripthi esikhulu esifanayo.

IVangeli kaJohn ayilandeli loo script. Endaweni yoko, luhamba luye kwisandi sesigubhu salo ngokweziganeko ezichazayo. Ngokukodwa iVangeli kaJohane yahlulahlulwe yangamaqela amane aphambili okanye iincwadi ezincinci:

Intshayelelo okanye isingeniso (1: 1-18).
Incwadi yeeMqondiso, egxile 'kumqondiso' kaYesu okanye imimangaliso eyayisenzelwa ukunceda amaJuda (1: 19–12: 50).
Incwadi yokuphakanyiswa, elindele ukuphakanyiswa kukaYesu noYise emva kokubethelelwa emnqamlezweni, ukungcwatywa kunye nokuvuka kwakhe (13: 1–20: 31).
I-epilogue echaza ubulungiseleli bexesha elizayo bukaPeter noJohane (21).
Isiphumo kukuba ngelixa iVangeli ezivumelanayo zabelana ngepesenti enkulu yomxholo wabo ngokweziganeko ezichaziweyo, iVangeli kaYohane inepesenti enkulu yezinto ezizodwa. Ngapha koko, malunga neepesenti ezingama-90 zezinto ezibhaliweyo kwiVangeli kaYohane zinokufunyanwa kwiVangeli kaYohane kuphela. Ayibhalwanga kwezinye iVangeli.

iinkcazo
Ke singasichaza njani isibakala sokuba iVangeli kaYohane ayizigubungezi iziganeko ezifana noMateyu, uMarko noLuka? Ngaba oku kuthetha ukuba uYohane ukhumbule into eyahlukileyo ebomini bukaYesu-okanye nokuba uMateyu, uMarko noLuka baphosakele ngento eyathethwa nguYesu neyenzayo?

Unotshe. Inyaniso elula kukuba uYohane wabhala iVangeli yakhe malunga neminyaka engama-20 emva kokuba uMateyu, uMarko noLuka babhale eyabo. Ngesi sizathu, uJohn wakhetha ukutsiba kwaye abaleke indawo enkulu yomhlaba eyayisele igutyungelwe kwiincwadi zeVangeli zeSinodi. Wayefuna ukuzalisa izithuba kwaye abonelele ngezinto ezintsha. Uchithe ixesha elininzi echaza izigigaba ezahlukileyo ezazijikeleze iveki yoMkhweli phambi kokubethelelwa emnqamlezweni kukaYesu - eyayiyiveki ebaluleke kakhulu, ngoku ngoku.

Ukongeza kokuhamba kweziganeko, indlela kaJohn yahlukile ngokufana neyeVangeli. Iincwadi zeVangeli zikaMateyu, uMarko noLuka ubukhulu becala zibalisa ngendlela yabo. Banikezela ngobume bendawo, inani elikhulu labalinganiswa kunye nokwanda kwencoko. Isinxibelelaniso sikwabonisa ukuba uYesu wayefundisa ngokuyintloko ngemzekeliso nangobhengezo olufutshane.

IVangeli kaJohn, nangona kunjalo, icokiseke ngakumbi kwaye inomdla. Isicatshulwa sigcwele iintetho ezinde, ubukhulu becala zisemlonyeni kaYesu. Kukho izinto ezimbalwa kakhulu ezinokuthi zilungele "ukusondela ecaleni kwetyala", kwaye kukho ezinye izinto ezininzi eziphononongiweyo.

Umzekelo, ukuzalwa kukaYesu kunika abafundi ithuba elihle lokujonga umohluko phakathi kweencwadi zeVangeli kunye nezo zikaYohane. UMateyu noLuka babalisa ibali lokuzalwa kukaYesu ngendlela enokuphinda iveliswe kwisikhombisi-sigqityiwe ngoonobumba, iimpahla, iimpahla, njalo njalo (bona uMateyu 1: 18–2: 12; uLuka 2: 1- 21). Bazichaza ngeziganeko ezithile ngokulandelelana kwazo.

IVangeli kaYohane ayinabalinganiswa. Endaweni yoko, uYohane unikezela ngesibhengezo semfundiso sikaYesu njengeLizwi likaThixo - ukuKhanya okukhanya ebumnyameni behlabathi lethu nangona abaninzi bengavumi ukukuqonda oko (Yohane 1: 1-14). Amagama kaYohane anamandla kwaye ayibongo. Uhlobo lokubhala lwahluke ngokupheleleyo.

Okokugqibela, ngelixa iVangeli kaYohane ekugqibeleni ibalisa ibali elifanayo leencwadi zeVangeli, kukho umahluko obalulekileyo phakathi kwezi ndlela zimbini. Kulungile ke. U-John wayecinga ukuba ivangeli yakhe yongeze into entsha kwibali likaYesu, yiyo loo nto imveliso yakhe egqityiweyo yahluke kakhulu kwinto esele ifumaneka.