Ngaba uyayazi indlu engcwele yaseLoreto kunye nembali yayo?
Indlu eNgcwele yaseLoreto yindawo yokuqala yamazwe onke enikezelwe kwiNtombi Enyulu kunye nentliziyo yokwenene yobuMariya yobuKrestu ”(John Paul II). Ngokwesiko lakudala, ngoku kungqinwe luphando lwembali kunye nezinto zakudala, ingcwele yaseLoreto igcina indlu yaseNazarete yaseMadonna. Ikhaya likaMariya laseNazarete lalineenxalenye ezimbini: umqolomba oqingqwe elityeni, owawusaziwa kwindlu yonqulo ye-Annunciation eNazarete, kunye negumbi lokwakha izakhiwo ngaphambili, elalakhiwe ngeendonga ezintathu zamatye ezibekwe ekupheleni komqolomba ( Jonga umkhiwane 2).
Ngokwesiko, ngo-1291, xa amajoni omnqamlezo agxothwa ePalestine, udonga lwendlu yaseMadonna lwathuthwa "ngobufundisi bezithunywa zezulu", okokuqala e-Illyria (eTrsat, eCroatia yanamhlanje) emva koko kummandla waseLoreto. (UDisemba 10, 1294). Namhlanje, ngokusekwe kubungqina obutsha bamaxwebhu, iziphumo zokumbiwa kwezinto zakudala eNazarete nakumhlaba ongaphantsi weNdlu eNgcwele (1962-65) nakwizifundo ze-philological kunye ne-iconographic, ingcinga yokuba amatye eNdlu eNgcwele Uhanjiswe eLoreto ngenqanawa, kwilinge losapho oluhloniphekileyo luka-Angeli, olwalulawula u-Epirus. Ngapha koko, uxwebhu lwangoSeptemba 1294, olusandula kufunyanwa, lungqina ukuba uNicephorus Angeli, isizotha sikaEpirus, ngokunika intombi yakhe uIthamar emtshatweni kuFilipu waseTaranto, umntwana wesine kaCharles II waseAnjou, ukumkani waseNaples. uthotho lweempahla zekhazi, phakathi kwazo ezibonakala zinobungqina obuphawuliweyo: "amatye angcwele athathwe kwiNdlu kaMama wethu iNtombi enguMama kaThixo".
Ibiyelwe phakathi kwamatye eNdlu eNgcwele, iminqamlezo emihlanu yelaphu elibomvu lamajoni omnqamlezo okanye, ngakumbi, iinqwelomoya zomkhosi ezazikhusela iindawo ezingcwele kunye nezinto ezingcwele kumaXesha Aphakathi. Kwafunyanwa ezinye iintsalela zeqanda leenciniba, elikhumbula kwangoko iPalestine kunye nomfuziselo obhekisa kwimfihlelo yokuZalwa.
Ngapha koko, iSanta Casa, ngenxa yolwakhiwo lwayo kunye nezinto zelitye ezingafumanekiyo kule ndawo, yinto yobugcisa engaphandle kwenkcubeko kunye nokusetyenziswa kolwakhiwo lommandla waseMarche. Kwelinye icala, ukuthelekiswa kobuchwephesha kweNdlu eNgcwele kunye neGrotto yaseNazarete kubonakalise ubukho kunye nokuxinana kwala malungu mabini (jonga umkhiwane 2).
Ukuqinisekisa isithethe, uphando lwakutshanje kwindlela asetyenziswa ngayo amatye lubaluleke kakhulu, oko kukuthi, ngokusetyenziswa kwamaNabataea, awayesasazeke eGalili ngexesha likaYesu (jonga umkhiwane 1). Into ebangela umdla ininzi ikroliweyo ebhalwe ematyeni eNdlu eNgcwele, egwetywe ziingcali ezinemvelaphi ecacileyo yamaJuda nobuKrestu kwaye zifana kakhulu nezo zafunyanwa eNazarete (jonga umkhiwane 3).
Indlu eNgcwele, kwinucleus yayo yoqobo inezindonga ezintathu kuphela kuba indawo esempuma, apho kumi khona isibingelelo, yayivulekile ibheke eGrotto (jonga umkhiwane 2). Iindonga ezintathu zoqobo-ngaphandle kweziseko zazo kunye nokuphumla kwindlela yakudala-zinyuka emhlabeni kangangeemitha ezintathu. Izinto ezigubungelweyo, ezibandakanya izitena zasekuhlaleni, zongezwa kamva, kubandakanya indawo yokugcina izinto (1536), ukwenza imeko-bume ilungele unqulo. Ukugqunywa ngamabhastile, okujikeleze iindonga zeNdlu eNgcwele, kwagunyaziswa nguJulius II kwaye kwenziwa uyilo nguBramante (1507 c). ngamagcisa awaziwayo oVuselelo lwaseNtaliyane. Umfanekiso oqingqiweyo weNtombi Enyulu noMntwana, kumthi womsedare waseLebhanon, uthabathel 'indawo le yenkulungwane. I-XIV, yatshatyalaliswa ngumlilo ngo-1921. Amagcisa amakhulu aye alandelana ukutyhubela iinkulungwane ukuhombisa le Ngcwele yodumo lwayo lwasasazeka ngokukhawuleza kwihlabathi liphela, yaba yindawo ethandwayo zizigidi zabahambi ngezonqulo. I-relic eyaziwayo yeNdlu eNgcwele kaMariya sisihlandlo kunye nesimemo somhambi ukuba acamngce ngemiyalezo ephezulu yezenkolo kunye neyomoya enxulunyaniswe nemfihlakalo yoZalo kunye nesibhengezo soSindiso.
Iindonga ezintathu zeNdlu eNgcwele yaseLoreto
Indlu eNgcwele, kwi-nucleus yayo yoqobo, ineendonga ezintathu kuphela, kuba indawo esimi kuyo isibingelelo ibijonge emlonyeni weGrotto eNazarete kwaye, ke ngoko, ibingekho njengodonga. Kwiindonga zokuqala ezintathu, amacandelo asezantsi, phantse abe ziimitha ezintathu ukuphakama, ubukhulu becala enziwe yimigca yamatye, ubukhulu becala lilitye lentlabathi, lilandelwa eNazarete, kwaye amacandelo aphezulu afakwa kamva kwaye, ngenxa yoko ayizityholo, zikwizitena zalapha, ekuphela kwazo izinto zokwakha ezisetyenziswa kuloo ndawo.
Igraffiti eludongeni lweNdlu eNgcwele
Amanye amatye agqitywa ngaphandle ngohlobo lokukhumbula ukuba amaNabataeans, abanzi ePalestine naseGalili kude kufike ixesha likaYesu.Amachaphaza amashumi amathandathu e-graffiti, uninzi lwawo olugwetywa ziingcali ekubhekiswa kulo kwelakwaYudao-lamaKristu lelobude bexesha. ekhoyo kwiLizwe eNgcwele, kubandakanya iNazaretha. Amacandelo aphezulu eendonga, angaxabiseki kangako ngokwembali kunye nawokunqula, ayegutyungelwe kwimizobo yefresco ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, ngelixa amacandelo angaphantsi kwelitye ayesele eveziwe, evezwa kukuhlonelwa kwabathembekileyo.
Ukubekwa kweemabula bubugcisa bobugcisa beLoreto. Ikhusela iNdlu yaseNazarete ethobekileyo njengokuba ibhokisi yamkela iperile. Ifunwa nguJulius II kwaye yakhulelwa ngumzobi omkhulu uDonato Bramante, owalungiselela uyilo ngo-1509, yenziwa phantsi kolawulo luka-Andrea Sansovino (1513-27), uRanieri Nerucci no-Antonio da Sangallo Omncinci. Emva kwexesha imifanekiso eqingqiweyo yee-Sibyls kunye nabaProfeti yabekwa kwiindawo zokuhlala.
Ukuvalwa kwe-Marmoreo kwe-S.Casa
Ukufakwa kombala kubandakanya isiseko esinezinto ezihonjiswe ngejometri, apho umda wamacandelo amabini akholiswayo uyahamba khona, kunye neenquphe zase-Korinthe ezixhasa i-cornice ephumayo. I-balustrade yongezwa ngu-Antonio da Sangallo (1533-34) ngeenjongo zokufihla i-vallura barrel ye-S. Casa kunye nokujikeleziswa kwendawo yemarble ethandekayo ngesakhelo esihle.