I-Coronavirus: indlela yokuziphatha kufuneka uyiphephe
Kwindyikityha yeMfazwe Yehlabathi I, ubhubhani womkhuhlane wabamba imisele engaphambili waza emva koko wanwenwela kuwo wonke umhlaba, wasulela ikota yabemi behlabathi bebonke kwaye ekugqibeleni wabulala abantu abaninzi kunemfazwe ngokwayo.
Ngaphambi kokuba uphele, abantu abaphakathi kwezigidi ezingama-50 ne-100 babulawa koko kwabizwa ngokuba “nguMkhuhlane waseSpain.” Izinga lokubhubha elisamkelweyo ngoku loMbathalala waseSpain liphakathi kweepesenti enye kunye nesithathu, kwaye inani labo lilonke lokufa bayothusa ngenxa yokufikelela ngokubanzi, ukwanda kuwo onke amazwe kwihlabathi liphela.
Igama eliqhelekileyo
Ubhubhani womkhuhlane waseSpain wabangelwa yintsholongwane ngoku eligama lasekhaya: H1N1. I-H1N1 iphinde yavela ngo-2009, iphinda isasazeke kwimida yeplanethi, kodwa kunye neqhezu lokufa lokubonakala kwayo kokuqala.
Nangona yayingeyiyo intsholongwane ifanayo, ngokwethiyori yayinokubulala ngokulinganayo, ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yamandla ayo okubulala abantu abasebancinci ngeminyaka kwaye ingajongwa njengesisulu sokubhubha okunxulumene nomkhuhlane. Izinga lokusweleka ngokupheleleyo kwendyikityha ye-H1N1 ka-2009 yayiyi-0,001-0,007 ipesenti. Lilonke inani labantu ababhubhileyo kweli tyala likumakhulu amawaka ehlabathini lonke, yaye inani elilinganiselweyo ekukholelwa ukuba liye lachatshazelwa kuMzantsi-mpuma Asia naseAfrika.
Kutheni kukho umahluko omkhulu ekufeni kwabantu? Ezi nguqulelo zimbini ze-H1N1 azizange zibe nemvelaphi efanayo, kwaye kukwakho ukutyhala ngendaleko kwiinguqulelo zamva zentsholongwane enye ukuba zingabi yingozi kangako. Ke iinguqulelo ezimbini ze-H1N1 beziya kwahluka kwezi nkalo.
Kodwa, ngaphezu kwako konke, ihlabathi lahlukile. Iimeko owawugquba phantsi kwazo nguMbathalala zazinezothe. IMfazwe Yehlabathi I yayigquba kangangeminyaka eliqela, yaye imigca ephambili apho kwavela khona esi sifo yayiziindawo apho amajoni aselula ayehlala phakathi kwezidumbu, iimpuku namanzi angcolileyo yaye engenalo ithuba lokucoceka ngokobuqu.
Ngowama-2009, kwanawona mazwe ahlwempuzekileyo ehlabathini aphila ubomi obubhetele kunejoni eliqhelekileyo elaliphila kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi I. Ngaphandle koku, amazwe abenowona mthamo uncinci wokubonelela ngemekobume ecocekileyo kubantu bazo kube nzima kakhulu kusulelo lwe-H1N1, ngamanani aphezulu osulelo kunye nokufa okuninzi.
Ukusasazeka kwe-COVID-19 e-China- kunye namatyala amva nje abonakala ekufutshane nekhaya-abantu banexhala malunga nenye imeko yomkhuhlane waseSpain. Lo ayisayi kuba ngomnye umkhuhlane waseSpain, kodwa sinethuba elibalulekileyo lokulawula ukwanda kwentsholongwane phakathi kwabantu bethu.
Ukuziphatha komhlambi kunye nokungakhuseleki
Ukungakhuseleki komhlambi ngumbono ovela kwicandelo lezilwanyana. Ibhekisa kukwazi kwezilwanyana ukuxhathisa ukosuleleka yipathogen - efana nentsholongwane - kuba inani elikhulu ngokwaneleyo labantu phakathi koluntu linokhuseleko olukwinqanaba lomntu ngamnye. Ukugonywa kwe-Humoral kukukwazi kwenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ukwenza izilwa-buhlungu ezichasene ne-arhente ethile esosulelayo.
Ngokukhuseleka komhlambi, ukusuleleka kuluntu kuncitshiswa kakhulu ngeendlela ze-immunoloji. Le yinkcazo-bungcali engemva kwezitofu zokugonya, ezomeleza ukhuseleko oluthile ngaphakathi (ngokufanelekileyo) kwipesenti enkulu kakhulu yabemi, kangangokuba isifo esosulelayo singaze sibambe.
Qaphela igama elithi "i-immunological mechanism" kwaye uqwalasele ukuba umgaqo ofanayo unokusebenza kwinqanaba lokuziphatha.
Njengoko iimpendulo zomzimba ezihlekisayo zokhuselo lomzimba ziphambukisa usulelo, kunjalo ke nokuziphatha okuthintela iindlela emzimbeni kwiarhente esosulelayo. Ngepesenti enkulu kakhulu yabemi ehlala bezibandakanya kwiindlela zokuziphatha ezinciphisa ukusuleleka, ubhubhane unokuthintelwa okanye uthintelwe kakhulu, ngaphandle komlinganiselo wokusabela wokuvalelwa.
Kanye njengokuba i-humoral immune immune ingabonakalisi ukhuseleko olugqibeleleyo kumntu ngamnye, kuyafana nokukhuseleka kokuziphatha; Kubalulekile nje ukuba ipesenti ephezulu kakhulu yabemi iziphatha ngendlela yokhuseleko rhoqo. Ukhuseleko lukwinqanaba lomhlambi, kunenqanaba lomntu ngamnye.
Ngaba sithetha ngezinto ezingalunganga?
Kumxholo wale ngcamango "yokungakhuseleki komhlambi," iingxoxo zangoku malunga ne-COVID-19 kumajelo eendaba aqhelekileyo kunye nezentlalo zinokujoliswa kwizinto ezingalunganga. Endaweni yokuthetha malunga neemeko ezibangela uloyiko olungeyonyani (kuthekani ukuba kuyenzeka), kufuneka sigxile kwiindlela zokuxilonga ezithintela ukosuleleka ukubamba kubemi bethu.
Isitofu sokugonya siya kuba mnandi kwaye siya kufika ekugqibeleni. Kodwa okwangoku, iindyikityha ezifana ne-COVID-19 zinokuthintelwa ngokwandisa ukuxhaphaka kokuziphatha ngokhuseleko kubemi ngokubanzi okuthintela ukusasazeka kwabo.
La manyathelo abandakanya imigaqo eqhelekileyo, akukho namnye kuwo ophunyezwayo ngokuqhubekayo ngokwaneleyo, kunye neminye engaqhelekanga, ekufuneka ithathwe ngamnye ngobuninzi. Kwaye nangokunjalo.
Abaqhelekileyo:
hlamba izandla rhoqo nangokuchanekileyo;
vala umlomo wakho (ngengalo) xa ukhohlela okanye uthimla;
kuphephe ukusondelelana nabo sele bosulelekile.
Ngaphambi kokuba sibhale oku kucacileyo kungasentla, kufuneka sizibuze: ngaba sikwenza ngokungaguquguqukiyo oku? Ngaba singenza ngcono? Kwakhona qwalasela oku kulandelayo okungacacanga kodwa okubalulekileyo ngendlela yokuziphatha:
1. Sula iintsholongwane kwiscreen sesixhobo sakho esiphathwayo kabini ngemini: Sisitya esiphathwayo sePetri, siqokelela iintsholongwane, ewe, iintsholongwane. Ukosulwa kwe-antibacterial kuyafuneka apha, njengoko zibulala iintsholongwane ngokubanzi. Coca isixhobo sakho ubuncinci kabini ngemini, kanye ngesidlo sasemini nakanye ngexesha lesidlo sangokuhlwa (okanye ubotshelelwe kwenye inkqubo yemihla ngemihla). Uphononongo olupapashwe kutshanje luqikelela ukuba iintsholongwane ezifana ne-COVID-19 zingakwazi ukuqhubeka ukuya kuthi ga kwiintsuku ezisithoba kwiglasi egudileyo kunye nemigangatho yeplastiki, njengescreen seselfowuni.
2. Kuphephe ukubamba ubuso bakho. Umlomo wakho, impumlo, amehlo kunye neendlebe zonke ziindlela eziya emzimbeni wakho kwiintsholongwane, kwaye iminwe yakho ihlala inxibelelana nomphezulu onokuthi ube neentsholongwane. Lo mlinganiso ulula kunzima kakhulu ukuwugcina rhoqo, kodwa ubalulekile kulawulo losulelo.
3. Sebenzisa iimaski kuphela ukuba uyagula, kwaye unike imbeko ebantwini abanoxanduva ngokwaneleyo lokuzisebenzisa xa begula.
4. Ukuzivalela wedwa ukuba uyagula kwaye unomkhuhlane.
5. Sebenzisa inethiwekhi yakho yokuncokola ukuze ucinge ngolunye utshintsho olulula lokuziphatha.
Thintela ukusasazeka
Ukomeleza ukhuseleko lomhlambi ngokuziphatha kubalulekile ekuthinteleni ukusasazeka kwe-COVID-19. Kufuneka sithethe ngayo ngakumbi kwaye siyenze ngakumbi. Kulwandle lokungaqiniseki okubangela uloyiko, le yinto esiyilawulayo umntu ngamnye kunye nobuninzi.
Senza ngcono ekuphumezeni ezi ndlela zokuziphatha zokhuseleko zingentla ngokuhambelana okuphezulu kunye nexesha elide.
Kwaye nantsi ingenelo esecaleni: Siza kuthintela ukusasazeka kwezinye izifo ezosulelayo, kubandakanya umkhuhlane wamaxesha athile, obulala abantu abaninzi kwinyanga eqhelekileyo kune-COVID-19 kwinyanga ephelileyo.