Ithini icawe yokuqala nge tattoos?
Isiqwenga sethu sakutshanje kwii-tattoos zakudala zokundwendwela eYerusalem zavelisa izimvo ezininzi, zombini ezivela kwiinkampu zepro kunye ne-anti-tattoo.
Kwingxoxo yeofisi eyalandelayo, saba nomdla kwinto ebeyithetha ngayo ngaphambili ngeCawa malunga nokufaka tattoo.
Akukho mthetho webhayibhile okanye ugunyazisiweyo othintela amaKatolika ukuba angafumani ii-tatoos (ngokuchasene neendaba ezingeyonyani zesibhengezo kuPopu Hadrian I, esingenakuqinisekiswa) esingasebenza kumaKatolika namhlanje, kodwa uninzi lwabafundisi bezakwalizwi kunye noobhishophu baphawule malunga ukuziqhelanisa namagama okanye isenzo.
Esinye seziqendu eziqhelekileyo ngokuchasene nokusetyenziswa kwamathambo phakathi kwamaKristu yivesi evela kwiLevitikus evimbela amaYuda ukuba "anqumle imizimba yabantu abafileyo okanye abeke amanqaku kuwe". (Lev. 19:28). Nangona kunjalo, iCawa yamaKatolika ihlala ihlukanisa phakathi komthetho wokuziphatha kunye nomthetho kaMoses kwiTestamente eNdala. Umthetho wokuziphatha-umzekelo, iMithetho Elishumi-ihlala ibophelela kumaKristu namhlanje, ngelixa uMthetho kaMoses, ojongana ikakhulu nezithethe zamaJuda, wachithwa ngumnqophiso omtsha ekubethelelweni kukaKristu.
Ukuthintelwa kweetatoo kubandakanyiwe kuMthetho kaMoses, yiyo loo nto iCawa namhlanje ingayithathi njengebophelelayo kumaKatolika. (Kwakhona inqaku elibalulekileyo lembali: Ngokweminye imithombo yolwazi, esi sithintelo ngamanye amaxesha sasingahoywa nkqu nakumakholwa angamaJuda ngexesha likaKrestu, abanye abathathi-nxaxheba abalusizi bebhala amagama abo babathandayo ezingalweni zabo emva kokufa.)
Okunye okunika umdla yinkcubeko ebanzi kwinkcubeko yamaRoma neyamaGrike yokumakisha amakhoboka namabanjwa "ngebala" okanye umvambo ukubonisa ukuba ikhoboka lelikabani okanye ulwaphulo-mthetho olwenziwe libanjwa. UPaul Paul ubhekisa kule nto kwileta yakhe eyayisiya kwabaseGalatiya: “Ukususela ngoku, akukho mntu undinika ngxaki; oko ndithwele imiqondiso kaYesu emzimbeni wam “. Ngelixa abaphengululi beBhayibhile bephikisa ukuba uluvo lukaSt.Paul apha lusisifaniso, inqaku lisahleli nje lokuba ukuziphawula ngo-"stigmata" - eqondwa ngokubanzi njenge-tattoo - yayiqhelekile ukwenza umzekeliso.
Ngapha koko, bukhona ubungqina bokuba kwezinye iindawo ngaphambi kolawulo lukaConstantine, amaKristu aqala ukulindela "ulwaphulo-mthetho" lokuba ngumkristu ngokuziphawula njengamaKrestu azenzele iitattoo.
Ababhali-mbali bokuqala, kubandakanya umfundisikazi wenkulungwane yesithandathu kunye no-Procopius waseGaza kunye nembhali-mbali yaseByzantine wenkulungwane yesixhenxe uTheophilact Simocatta, babhala amabali amaKhristu alapha azicacisa ngokuzithandela ukuba bawele uMnqamlezo kwiLizwe eNgcwele kunye naseAnatolia.
Kukho ubungqina phakathi kwabanye, uluntu oluncinci kwiicawa zasentshona zamaKristu okuqala abaziphawula nge tattoos okanye amanxeba avela kumanxeba kaKristu.
Kwinkulungwane ye-787th, inkcubeko ye tattoo yayisisihloko esaphakanyiswa kwiidayosisi ezininzi kwihlabathi lamaKristu, ukusuka kumvambo wokuhamba kwabahambi bokuqala ukuya kwiLizwe eliNgcwele ukuya kumbuzo wokusetyenziswa kweempahla zangaphambili zetattoo yobuhedeni phakathi kwabantu abatsha abangamaKristu. KwiBhunga lase-Northumberland le-XNUMX-intlanganiso yeenkokheli zehlabathi kunye nabemi baseNgilani-abahlalutyi abangamaKristu bahluka phakathi kweetatoo zonqulo nezingcolileyo. Kumaxwebhu ebhunga, babhala:
“Xa umntu esiva ubunzima ngenxa yothando lukaThixo, uxatyiswa kakhulu. Kodwa abo bathobela ukuba bathatyathwe ngenxa yezizathu ezivakalayo ngendlela yabahedeni abayi kuxhamla. "
Ngelo xesha, izithethe zobuhedeni zangaphambi kobuKristu zazisekho phakathi kweBritane. Ukwamkelwa kwee-tatoo kwahlala kwinkcubeko yamaNgesi yamaKatolika kwiinkulungwane ezininzi emva kweNorthumbria, kunye nelivo lokuba inkosi yamaNgesi uHarold II wachongwa emva kokubulawa kwakhe ziitattoo.
Emva kwexesha, abanye ababingeleli-ngakumbi ababingeleli bamaFranciscans weLizwe eliNgcwele-baqala ukuthatha inaliti yomvambo ngokwabo njengesiko lokundwendwela, kwaye ii-tattoos zesikhumbuzo zaqala ukuthatha phakathi kwabakhenkethi baseYurophu kwiLizwe eliNgcwele. Abanye ababingeleli abavela kwiLate Antiquity nakwiminyaka yamaXesha aphakathi babedlala iitattoo ngokwabo.
Nangona kunjalo, ayingabo bonke oobhishophu kunye nabafundisi bezakwalizwi kwiCawe yokuqala ababezi pro-tattoos. ISt. Basil the Great yashumayela ngovuyo ngenkulungwane yesi-XNUMX:
“Akukho mntu uya kuvumela iinwele zakhe ukuba zikhule okanye zenziwe itattoo njengabahedeni, abapostile bakaSathana abazenza abadelekileyo ngokuzitika ngeengcinga ezingcolileyo nezikrwada. Musa ukuzibandakanya nabo baziphawula ngameva kunye neenaliti ukuze igazi labo liwele emhlabeni. "
Ezinye iintlobo zeetattoo ziye zagqitywa ngabalawuli abangamaKristu. Ngo-316, umlawuli omtsha ongumKrestu, uMlawuli uConstantine, wakuthintela ukusetyenziswa kweetattoo zolwaphulo-mthetho ebusweni bomntu, esithi "okoko isohlwayo sesigwebo sakhe singabonakaliswa ezandleni nasezinkalweni zakhe. ukuba ubuso bakhe, obenziwe bafana nobuhle bobuthixo, abunakuhlaziswa. "
Malunga neminyaka engama-2000 XNUMX yeengxoxo zamaKristu ngalo mbandela, akukho mfundiso yeCawa isemthethweni kwiitattoos. Kodwa ngembali etyebileyo enokuvela kuyo, amaKristu anethuba lokuva ubulumko bezazi ngezakwalizwi kule millennia njengoko becinga phambi kokuba bayinki.