Yintoni i-puranas kubuHindu?
IiPurana yimibhalo yamandulo yamaHindu edumisa oothixo abahlukeneyo bamaHindu ngamabali kaThixo. Izibhalo ezininzi ezaziwa ngokuba ziiPutana zinokuhlelwa kwiklasi enye njenge 'Itihasas' okanye iiNdaba - iRamayana kunye neMahabharata, kwaye kukholelwa ukuba zifunyenwe kwinkqubo enye yezenkolo njengalezi ziingqungquthela ezaziziimveliso ezilungileyo zenqanaba leentsomi - IHeroic yenkolelo yamaHindu.
Imvelaphi yeeputana
Nangona iiPuranas zabelana ngezinye zeempawu zeepics ezinkulu, zezakwixesha elizayo kwaye zinika "ukubonakaliswa okuchazwe ngakumbi nokunxibelelana kweentsomi kunye neentsomi zembali". UHorace Hayman Wilson, owaguqulela ezinye iiPuranas esiNgesini ngo-1840, ukwatsho ukuba "banikezela ngokukhethekileyo uphawu lwenkcazo yanamhlanje, ngokubaluleka kokubaluleka kwabo kwizithixo, kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo ... zemisitho kunye nemisitho ebhekiswe kubo nakwindlela eyenziweyo yamabali amatsha abonisa amandla nobabalo babo thixo ... "
Iimpawu ezi-5 zePuranas
Ngokuka-Swami Sivananda, ii-Puranas zingachongwa ngu "Pancha Lakshana" okanye iimpawu ezintlanu abanazo: imbali; i-cosmology, ihlala inemifanekiso eyahlukeneyo yemigaqo yefilosofi; indalo yesibini; umnombo wookumkani; kunye ne "Manvantara" okanye ixesha lolawulo lukaManu eliquka iYugas ezingama-71 zezulu okanye i-306,72 yezigidi zeminyaka. Zonke iiPutana zezeklasi "zeSuhrit-Samhitas", okanye izivumelwano ezinobuhlobo, ezahluke kakhulu kwigunya kwiiVedas, ezibizwa ngokuba yi "Prabhu-Samhitas" okanye izivumelwano ezilawulayo.
Injongo yePuranas
IiPutana zinobungakanani beVedas kwaye zibhalelwe ukusasaza iingcinga ezikwiVedas. Ayenzelwanga abaphengululi, kodwa abantu abaqhelekileyo abangenakuyiqonda ifilosofi ephezulu yeVedas. Iinjongo zePutana kukuchukumisa iimfundiso zeVedas ezingqondweni zabantu kwaye zivelise ukuzinikela kuThixo kuzo, ngokusebenzisa imizekelo ekhonkxiweyo, iintsomi, amabali, iintsomi, ubomi babangcwele, ookumkani kunye namadoda amakhulu, iingxelo kunye nemicimbi yeziganeko zembali. . Izilumko zakudala zazisebenzisa le mifanekiso ukubonisa imigaqo-nkqubo engunaphakade yenkqubo yenkolelo eyathi yaziwa ngokuba bubuHindu. IiPutana zanceda abefundisi banikela iintetho zonqulo kwiitempile nakwiindonga zemilambo engcwele, kwaye abantu babethanda ukuweva la mabali. Ezi zibhalo azigcini nje ngolwazi kuzo zonke iintlobo, kodwa zinomdla wokufunda. Ngale ndlela,
Ifom kunye nombhali wePutanas
IiPutana zibhalwe ikakhulu ngohlobo lwencoko apho omnye umbalisi ebalisa ibali ephendula imibuzo yomnye umntu. Umbalisi ophambili wePutana nguRomharharana, umfundi waseVyasa, onomsebenzi ophambili kukuthetha ngezinto azifundileyo kumhlohli wakhe, njengoko wayekuva kwezinye izilumko. UVyasa apha akanakudideka nesilumko esidumileyo uVeda Vyasa, kodwa sisihloko esiqhelekileyo somhlanganisi, esikwiiPurana ezininzi nguKrishna Dwaipayana, unyana wesilumko esikhulu uParasara kunye notitshala weVedas.
Eyona nto iphambili ezili-18
Kukho ii-Puranas ezili-18 eziphambili kunye nenani elilinganayo lePutanas okanye i-Upa-Puranas kunye neendawo ezininzi zengingqi 'sthala' okanye iPutanas. Kwiimibhalo eziphambili ezili-18, ezintandathu zi-Sattvic Purana ezizukisa uVishnu; ezintandathu ziRajasic kwaye zizukisa iBrahma; kwaye ezintandathu zi-tamasic kwaye ziyamzukisa uShiva. Ziye zahlulwa ngokulandelelana kolu luhlu lweePutana:
I-Vishnu Purana
UNaradiya Purana
Bhagavat Purana
IGaruda Purana
IPadma Purana
UBrahma Purana
UVaraha Purana
UBrahmanda Purana
I-Brahma-Vaivarta Purana
UMarkandeya Purana
Bhavishya Purana
UVamana Purana
UMatsya Purana
UKurma Purana
ILinga Purana
Shiva Purana
Skanda Purana
UAgni Purana
Eyona bhanana ithandwayo
Eyokuqala yeePuranas ezininzi nguSrimad Bhagavata Purana noVishnu Purana. Ngokuthandwa, balandela ngokulandelelana. Inxalenye yeMarkandeya Purana yaziwa kakhulu kuwo onke amaHindu anje ngeChandi okanye iDevimahatmya. Inkolo kaThixo njengoMama wobuThixo ngumxholo wayo. UChandi ufundwa ngokubanzi ngamaHindu ngeentsuku ezingcwele nangeentsuku zikaNavaratri (iDurga Puja).
Ulwazi malunga neShiva Purana kunye neVishnu Purana
KwiShiva Purana, ngokuxelwa kwangaphambili, uShiva udunyiswa nguVishnu, ngamanye amaxesha oboniswa kukukhanya okuphantsi. KwiVishnu Purana, kwenzeka ngokucacileyo: UVishnu uzukiswa kakhulu ngoShiva, osoloko ehlaziswa. Ngaphandle kokubonakala ngokungafaniyo okumelwe kwezi Purana, uShiva kunye noVishnu bakholelwa ukuba bayinxalenye kwaye bayinxalenye kaBathathu Emnye wemfundiso yobuHindu. Kunjengokuba uWilson esitsho: “UShiva noVishnu, nakweyiphi na indlela, phantse ibe ngabo kuphela abathi banqula amaHindu kwiiPuranas; Ukuphambuka kwisithethe sasekhaya nakwisiqhelo seVedas kwaye ubonakalise inzondelelo yehlelo kunye nokuzikhethela ... Azisekho igunya kwinkolelo yamaHindu xa iyonke: zizikhokelo ezikhethekileyo zamasebe awo ahlukeneyo ngamanye amaxesha aphikisanayo, ahlanganiselwe injongo ebonakalayo yokukhuthaza ukukhetha, okanye kwezinye iimeko inye kuphela,
Isekwe kwiimfundiso zaseSri Swami Sivananda