Ukuzinikela kuBathathu Emnye: izipho ezisixhenxe zoMoya oyiNgcwele

Kunzima ukuyichaza enye imfundiso yamaKatolika njengasendulo ingcwele njengezipho ezisixhenxe zoMoya oyiNgcwele eziphantsi kohoyo olulungileyo. Njengoninzi lwamaKatolika azalwe ngo-1950, ndafunda amagama abo ngentliziyo: “WIS -Dom, ukuqonda, isiluleko, ukomelela, ukwazi-isibambiso, ipie kunye noloyiko! YeNkosi ”Ngelishwa, bonke abafundi endifunda nabo kwaye mna ndaye ndafunda, okungenani ngokusesikweni, ngala magunya angaqondakaliyo aza kusihla ekuqinisekiseni kwethu. Ukufika kwakhe kwaye wemka ngoSuku loQinisekiso, sacaphuka ukuba khange sibe ngumntu omaziyo, owazi konke, ongabonakaliyo wamawaka ezigidi u-Christi (amajoni ka-Krestu) esakuthembisa nge-pre-Vatican II catechesis yethu.

Ingxaki
Okothusayo kukuba, ukubalasela emva kweVatican II kuye kwangqineka kunokubanzima kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukuba amaCatholic asezantsi ziziphi na izipho ezisixhenxe. Ubuncinci indlela yangaphambili ibinethuba lokukhupha ithemba elimdaka lokufa kwegazi lomfeli-nkolo ezandleni zabantu abangakholelwayo kubukho bukaThixo. Kodwa ke, yeah, lo mkhosi uzabalaza waphuma ngefestile emva kweBhunga. Kodwa ukusasazeka kweengxelo kule minyaka ingamashumi idlulileyo yokuhla komdla wokholo phakathi kwabaqinisekisi abatsha kucebisa ukuba utshintsho alunaziphumo zifunwayo. Ayikuko ukuba bekungekho zingcwangu kwimatshini yangaphambi kweVatican II-zazininzi zazo - kodwa iparadise enqabileyo engakhange iqale ukujongana nabo.

Inqaku lakutshanje kwiTekholoji seTekholoji nguMfu uCharles E. Bouchard, OP, Umongameli we-Aquinas Institute of Theology eSt. ubuthathaka obuthile kwikhathalogu yesiqhelo yama Katolika kwizipho ezisixhenxe:

Ukungahoyi unxibelelwano olusondeleyo phakathi kwezipho ezisixhenxe kunye nekhadinali kunye nethiyori (ukholo, ithemba, uthando / uthando, ubuqili, okusesikweni, isibindi / inkalipho nokuzola), awathi u-St.
Umkhwa wokunikezela izipho ezisixhenxe kwindawo ye-esoteric yokomoya yodumo / yemfihlakalo kunokuya kwizinto ezikhoyo nezasemhlabeni zethiology yokuziphatha, awayeyibonisile u-Aquinas
Uhlobo lwe-elitism yokomoya apho olufundisiso olunzulu kakhulu lwethiyori yezipho lwalugcinelwe ababingeleli kunye nenkolo, abathi, ngokungafaniyo nabantu abaninzi abangafundanga, banokufunda okuyimfuneko kunye nokomoya ukuze bayixabise kwaye bayenze
Ukutyeshelwa iziseko ezingokwezibhalo zesiseko semfundiso yezipho, ngakumbi u-Isaya 11, apho izipho zachazwa zaza zasetyenziswa kuziprofetho kuKristu.
Ikhatheknoloji yeCawa yamaKatolika yowe-1992 yayisele ijongile eminye yale micimbi (njengokubaluleka kokulunga kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kwezipho kunye "nobomi bokuziphatha") kodwa ikuphephe ukuchaza izipho ezizezinye okanye ukubaphatha kuzo zonke iinkcukacha- iziqendu ezithandathu kuphela (1285-1287, 1830-1831 no-1845), xa kuthelekiswa amashumi amane kwi-wemahlethi (1803-1829, 1832-1844). Mhlawumbi kungenxa yesi sizathu le nto iincwadi zoncwadi ezizezikhuphelayo ziye zavela emva kwale Catechism intsha ukuchaza iseti edidayo yeenkcazo zezipho. Ezi zichaziweyo zidla ngokuba kukuphindaphindwa okungafunekiyo kweenkcazo zesintu zemeko ebekiweyo okanye iinkcaza zentengiso ezivela kumava obuqu okanye iingcinga zombhali. Ngenxa yoku kuphuhliswa, kuyanceda ukuphonononga inkcazo yesiko leCawa lezipho ezisixhenxe.

Inkcazo yesiko
Ngokwenkcubeko yama Katolika, izipho ezisixhenxe zoMoya oyiNgcwele ziimpawu zobugorha ezinabo kuphela nguYesu Krestu ngokuzeleyo, kodwa awabelana ngokukhululekileyo namalungu omzimba wakhe ongaqondakaliyo (oko kukuthi, iBandla lakhe). Ezi mpawu zingeniswa kumKristu ngamnye njengoncedo olusisigxina ekubhaptizweni kwakhe, ekondliwe ngokuziqhelanisa nezo zinto zisixhenxe kwaye zitywiniwe kwisakramente sobungqina. Baziwa njengezipho zoMoya zokungcwalisa, kuba basebenzela injongo yokwenza abo bamkelayo babe ziintshukumisa zoMoya oyiNgcwele ebomini babo, ukubanceda bakhule ebungcweleni kwaye babenze balungele izulu.

Ubume bezo zipho zisixhenxe kuxoxwe ngazo ngabafundisi-ntsapho ukusukela embindini wenkulungwane yesibini, kodwa utoliko oluqhelekileyo lube lolwaphuhliswa nguSt. Aquinas ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithathu kwi-Summa Theologiae yakhe:

Ubulumko lulwazi zombini kunye nomgwebo "kwizinto zobuThixo" kunye nokukwazi ukugweba kunye nokuqondisa izinto zabantu ngokwe nyaniso kaThixo (I / I.1.6; I / II.69.3; II / II.8.6; II / II.45.1 -5).
Ukuqonda kukungena kwe-intuition ngaphakathi kwentliziyo yezinto, ngakumbi ezo nyaniso ziphakamileyo eziyimfuneko ukuze sisindiswe ngonaphakade - amandla, okubona "ukubona" ​​uThixo (I / I.12.5; I / II.69.2; II / II. 8,1-3).
Ukucetyiswa kuvumela indoda ukuba iqondiswe nguThixo kwimicimbi eyimfuneko ukuze asindiswe (II / II.52.1).
Inqaba ibonakalisa ukuqina kwengqondo ekwenzeni okuhle kunye nokuphepha okubi, ngakumbi xa kunzima okanye kuyingozi ukwenza njalo, kwaye ngokuzithemba ukoyisa yonke imiqobo, nkqu nezo zibulalayo, ngenxa yokuqiniseka kobomi banaphakade (I / II). 61.3; II / II.123.2; II / II.139.1).
Ulwazi lukwazi ukugweba ngokuchanekileyo kwimiba yokholo kunye nesenzo esilungileyo, ukuze ungaze uphambuke kwindlela elungileyo yobulungisa (II / II.9.3).
Inkxalabo kukuba, ubukhulu becala, kukuhlonela uThixo ngokuthandana, ukuhlawula inkonzo kunye nomsebenzi kaThixo, ukunika umsebenzi uxanduva kubo bonke abantu ngenxa yobudlelwane babo noThixo, kunye nokuhlonipha iZibhalo ezingcwele kunye nezingenangqinelani. Igama lesiLatini elithi pietas libonisa intlonipho esiyinika ubawo kunye nelizwe lethu; kuba uThixo enguYise wabo bonke, ukunqula uThixo kukwabizwa ngokuba kukoyikwa (i / II.68.4; II / II.121.1).
Ukoyika uThixo kukuthi, kulo mxholo, "kukuphambuka" okanye uloyiko olunyulu lokuba sinqula uThixo kwaye sikuphephe ukwahlula-hlukana naye - ngokuchasene nokoyika "ukukhonzwa", esisoyika ukohlwaywa (I / II.67.4; II) / II.19.9).
Ezi zipho, ngokukaThomas Aquinas, "yimikhwa", "" "," okanye "zinokuboniswa" zinikwe nguThixo njengamandla angaphezu kwendalo anceda umntu kwinkqubo "yemfezeko" yakhe. Bayamvumela umntu ukuba agqithise imida yesimo sobuntu kunye nemvelo yomntu kwaye athathe inxaxheba kubomi bukaThixo, njengoko uKrestu wathembisayo (Yohane 14: 23). U-Aquinas unyanzelise ukuba bayimfuneko ekusindisweni komntu, angenakukufikelela yedwa. Basebenzela "ukugqibelela" ubucukubhede obune okanye bokuziphatha (ubuqili, ubulungisa, inkuthazo kunye nokuzola) kunye neempawu ezintathu zenkolo (ukholo, ithemba kunye nothando). Isisa senceba sisitshixo esivula amandla anokubakho e-zipho zasixhenxe, ezinokuthi (kwaye zifuna) zilele emphefumlweni emva kobhaptizo, ngaphandle kokuba umntu wenze njalo.

Kuba "ubabalo lwakhela kwindalo" (ST I / I.2.3), izipho ezisixhenxe zisebenza ngokudibeneyo kunye neempawu ezisixhenxe kunye neziqhamo ezilishumi elinambini zoMoya kunye nesibhozo esiphindwe kabini. Ukuvela kwezipho kuthanda ukwenziwa kukuziphatha okuhle, okuthi emva koko kugqitywe ngokusetyenziswa kwezipho. Ukusetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo kwezipho, kuvelisa iziqhamo zoMoya ebomini boMkristu: uthando, uvuyo, uxolo, unyamezelo, ububele, ububele, ukuthembeka, ubulali, ukuthozama, ukuzeyisa ). Injongo yolu bambiswano phakathi kweempawu ezintle, izipho kunye neziqhamo kukufezekiswa kombuso ophindwe kasibhozo ochazwe nguKristu kwiNtshumayelo yaseNtabeni (Mt 5: 22-23).

I-Arsenal yokomoya
Endaweni yokwazisa ngokungqongqo indlela ye-Thomistic okanye indlela esekwe kwinkcazo yexesha langoku kunye nenkcubeko, ndicebisa indlela yesithathu yokuqonda izipho ezisixhenxe, ezibandakanya imvelaphi yebhayibhile yemvelaphi.

Indawo yokuqala kunye nokuphela kwayo kuyo yonke iBhayibhile apho ezi mpawu zisixhenxe zikhethekileyo zidweliswe kunye ngu-Isaya 11: 1-3, kwisiprofetho esidumileyo somesiya:

Kuya kuphuma isiphunzi esityeni sikaYese, ihlumele kwiingcambu zakhe. UMoya weNkosi uya kuhlala phezu kwakhe, umoya wobulumko nowokuqonda, umoya wecebo namandla, umoya wokwazi nowokoyika iNkosi. Kwaye ukonwaba kwakhe kuya koyika uYehova.

Phantse wonke umntu ogqabazayo ngezipho ezisixhenxe kule minyaka mibini idlulileyo uye wachonga le ndima njengemvelaphi yemfundiso, ukanti akukho namnye oye wabona indlela ezinje ngayo ezi ngcinga zisixhenxe ngesiko lakudala "lobulumko" bakwa-Israyeli, elibonakaliswa kwiincwadi zakudala. IiTestimenti ezinjengoJobe, iMizekeliso, iNtshumayeli, i-Canticle yeeCanticles, iiNdumiso, i-Articleastical kunye ne-Wisdom of Solomon, kunye nenxalenye ethile yeencwadi zesiprofetho, kubandakanya u-Isaya. Ezi zixhobo zigxile ekuhambeni ngeemfuno ezisisiseko zobomi bemihla ngemihla (uqoqosho, uthando nomtshato, ukukhulisa abantwana, ubudlelwane phakathi kwabantu, ukusebenzisa kunye nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kwamandla) endaweni yomxholo wembali, isiprofetho okanye intsomi / imizobo edla ngokunxulunyaniswa neTestamente Endala. Ayiziphikisi ezi ezinye.

Kukuvela kulomhlaba wezinto ezisebenzayo, ezithandekayo kunye nezixhalabisayo zemihla ngemihla, kunokuba zivela kwindawo yentsomi okanye yamava angaqondakaliyo, apho izipho ezisixhenxe ziye zavela, kunye nomxholo ka-Isaya 11 uqinisa le ndlela yokubhekisa kuyo. Umlinganiso ka-Isaya uchaza ngokweenkcukacha zothando ubungqangi apho "ihlumelo likaYese" liya kuzinzisa "ubukumkani obunobuxolo" emhlabeni:

Akayi kugweba ngakubonayo ngamehlo akhe, okanye uya kugweba ngoko akuvayo ngeendlebe zakhe; kodwa ngobulungisa uya kugweba abasweleyo aze abagwebe ngobulungisa abalulamileyo behlabathi; Kwaye uya kubetha emhlabeni ngentonga yomlomo wakhe, kwaye nangomoya wemilebe yakhe uya kubulala ongendawo. . . . Aziyi kwenzakalisa okanye zonakalise entabeni yam yonke; kuba ilizwe liya kuzala kukwazi iNkosi, njengamanzi egubungele ulwandle. (Ngaba i-11: 3-4, 9)

Ukuseka le ndawo kuthetha ukuba ucinga, ukucwangcisa, ukusebenza, umzabalazo, inkalipho, unyamezelo, unyamezelo, ukuthobeka, oko kukuthi, ukungcolisa izandla zakho. Olu luvo lwasemhlabeni luneziqhamo apho kufuneka luqwalasele indima edlalwa zizipho ezisixhenxe kubomi bamaKristu aqolileyo (okanye ubudala obuvuthiweyo).

Kukho ingxwabangxwaba ngaphakathi kobu Katolika, njenga kubuKristu ngokubanzi, obujolise kubomi emva kobomi ngaphandle - kunye nomonakalo - weli lizwe, ngokungathi ukungabikho kwizinto zokwexeshana kuphela kwesiqinisekiso sobomi banaphakade . Elinye lamanyathelo olungelelaniso lwolu hlobo lweengcinga ezikhutshwe liBhunga laseVatican II kukubuyiselwa kwebhayibhile kugxininiso kubukumkani bukaThixo njengenyaniso eqinisekileyo engagqithisi nje iodolo eyenziweyo kodwa bayiguqula nayo (Dei Verbum 17; Lumen Nationsum 5; Gaudium et spes 39).

Ezi zipho zisixhenxe zizibonelelo ezingabalulekanga kumzabalazo wokuseka umbuso kwaye, ngandlela ithile, ziyimveliso yokuzibandakanya kwimfazwe yokomoya. Ukuba umntu akanangxaki yokuzixhobela ngokwaneleyo edabini, akufanelekanga ukuba kumangalise ukufumanisa ukuba angakhuselekanga xa umlo uziswa emnyango. Ukuba mna nabantwana endandifunda nabo sasingazange sifumane “amandla angaqondakaliyo” ebesikulindele, mhlawumbi kungenxa yokuba asikaze sithathe imfazwe kumzabalazo wokuqhubekisela phambili umbuso kaThixo!

Ezi zipho zisixhenxe ziluqilima, elinokuqhayisa ngalo mKristu ngamnye obhaptiziweyo kwasebusaneni. Zililifa lethu. Ezi zipho, ezinikwe kwiisakramente ukusivumela ukuba sikhule ngamava, zibalulekile kwinkqubela phambili yobomi bobuKristu. Azivele zivele nje kwaye azivele ndawo kodwa ngokuthe ngcembe ziyavela njengesiqhamo sobomi obuhle. Kwaye abahluthwa nguMoya xa bengasafuneki, kuba bayimfuneko ngonaphakade ukuba silwa umlo olungileyo.

Ezi zipho zisixhenxe zenzelwe ukuba zisetyenziswe emhlabeni ngeenjongo zokuguqula umhlaba u-Krestu. U-Isaya 11 usicacisa kakuhle ukuba ziphi na ezi zipho: ukwenza oko ubiziweyo ukuba ukwenze ngexesha lakho kunye nendawo oya kuqhubekisela phambili uBukumkani bukaThixo .. Iinkcukacha ezizodwa kunye nezibalulekileyo zolu bizo aziziswa ekugxothweni kude kube indawo yakhe enqongopheleyo kwaye engalinganiyo kwisikimu sezinto (ukoyika iNkosi), yamkela indima yelungu losapho lukaThixo (umhlonela) yafumana umkhwa wokulandela isalathiso esithile sikaYise sokuphila ubomi bobuThixo (ulwazi) . Oku kukuqhelana noThixo kuvelisa amandla kunye nenkalipho eyimfuneko yokujongana nobubi obuhlangabezana ngokuchaseneyo nobomi bomntu (inkalipho) kunye nobuqili bokuhambisa izicwangciso zomntu ngokulula ukufanisa-nokuba ulindele-ubuxhakaxhaka boMsholozi (umcebisi).

Amajoni kaKristu
Ezi zinto ziqwalaselwe ikakhulu zijongwa kuma-Katolika omdala wabantu abadala, njengam, abangakhanyelwanga ngokwaneleyo (ubuncinci ngokubhekisele kwizipho ezisixhenxe). Ngenxa yengxabano ehlala ihleli kwiCawe ngokubanzi malunga nobudala obufanelekileyo bokufumana isakramente yokuqinisekiswa, ukuvela kwe-catechesis engaphelelanga kuya kuqhubeka nokuhlupha abathembekileyo. Ukungaqwalaselwa kubudlelwane bozinxibelelano phakathi kwezipho kunye nezipho kubonakala kungoyena ndoqo ekusileleni ukuvelisa izipho phakathi kweziqinisekiso. I-Catechesis ejolise kuphela ekufumaneni ulwazi okanye ukukhuthaza nje "izenzo zobubele ezingahleliwe" ngaphandle komgaqo oqinileyo we-evangeli yemibutho ayinakuyinqamla kwesi (okanye nasiphina esinye isizukulwana sabantu abancinci. Umthandazo ophakathi, idayari, ukucamngca okukhokelwayo okanye naziphi na ezinye iiplseki ezithandwayo zepseudo-pedagogical kwiinkqubo ezininzi zekhathalogu azikwazi kukhuphisana nokucekiswa kwesiko lokufa.

Indlela eya kulwabiwo oluvuthiweyo lomkhosi wokomoya omelwe zizipho ezisixhenxe kufuneka inyathelwe ngokukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ezi mfanelo zisixhenxe zingasebenza namhlanje, njengoko bekwenzile kwimbali yeCawa, njengezikhokelo ezihamba phambili kule ndlela. Mhlawumbi lixesha lokuvusa umfanekiso wesiko wababhaptizwayo "njengamajoni kaKristu", ibinzana ebelisikrokro kwizixhobo zobalo zama Katolike kangangeminyaka. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba i-leitgeist ye-post-Victoria II ihambile ichasene nombono "wemfazwe" kuyo yonke imicimbi yenkolo, esi sikhundla siqinisekisiwe ukuba siyalahlekisa- ngovavanyo oluthembekileyo lwento iSibhalo eNgcwele esithetha ngayo kwaye Iziganeko zehlabathi ebomini bethu bonke. Ukubhukuqwa kweSoviet Union, umzekelo, ngekhe kwenzeke ngaphandle komkhosi kaJohn Paul II ongekho mthethweni wokulandela injongo esemthethweni. Izipho ezisixhenxe zoMoya oyiNgcwele sisixhobo sethu sokomoya kwimfazwe yokomoya yobomi bemihla ngemihla.