Umahluko ophambili phakathi kwamaShiite namaSunni amaSulumane
AmaSunni kunye namaShia amaSilamsi abelana ngeenkolelo ezisisiseko zamaSilamsi kunye namanqaku okholo kwaye ziziqendwana ezimbini eziphambili ze-Islam. Bahlukile, nangona kunjalo, kwaye ukwahlukana kwaqala ekuqaleni, hayi kokomoya kodwa kukwahluka kwezopolitiko. Ngaphezulu kweenkulungwane, oku kwahluka kwezopolitiko kuye kwavelisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nezikhundla eziye zabaluleka ngokomoya.
Iintsika ezintlanu zobuSilamsi
Iintsika ezintlanu zobuSilamsi zibhekisa kwimisebenzi yonqulo kuThixo, ukukhula ngokomoya, ukukhathalela abo bangathathi ntweni, ukuzithiba nokuzincama. Banikezela ngesakhelo okanye isakhelo sobomi bamaSilamsi, njengoko iintsika zisenza kwizakhiwo.
Umbuzo wobunkokeli
Ukwahlukana phakathi kwamaShiites namaSunni kubuyela emva ekufeni kukaMprofeti uMuhammad ngo-632. Esi siganeko siphakamise umbuzo wokuba ngubani oza kuthatha isizwe samaSilamsi.
I-Sunnism lelona sebe likhulu kunye nele-Orthodox. Igama elithi Sunn, ngesiArabhu, livela kwigama elithetha "umntu olandela izithethe zomprofeti".
AmaSilamsi amaSunni avumelana namaqabane amaninzi kaMprofeti ngexesha lokusweleka kwakhe ukuba inkokheli entsha inyulwe phakathi kwabo banako ukwenza lo msebenzi. Umzekelo, emva kokubhubha koMprofeti uMuhammad, umhlobo wakhe osenyongweni kunye nomcebisi, u-Abu Bakr, waba likhalifa lokuqala (owangena ezihlangwini okanye usekela womprofeti) wesizwe samaSilamsi.
Kwelinye icala, amanye amaSilamsi akholelwa kwelokuba ubunkokheli bekufanele ukuba buhlala ngaphakathi kosapho lomprofeti, phakathi kwabo bonyulwe ngokukodwa nguye okanye phakathi kwee-imams ezimiselwe nguThixo ngokwakhe.
AmaSilamsi amaShiite akholelwa ukuba emva kokubhubha kukaMprofeti uMuhammad, ubunkokeli bekufanele ukuba budlule ngqo kumzala wakhe nakumkhwenyana wakhe, uAli bin Abu Talib. Ukutyhubela imbali, amaShia amaSilamsi awakhange alamkele igunya leenkokheli ezikhethiweyo zamaSilamsi, bekhetha ukulandela umgca weemam abakholelwa ukuba bamiselwe nguMprofeti uMuhammad okanye nguThixo ngokwakhe.
Igama elithi Shiite ngesiArabhu lithetha iqela okanye iqela labantu abaxhasayo. Ixesha elaziwa ngokubanzi lifinyezwa ngumbhali-mbali uShia't-Ali, okanye "iqela lika-Ali". Eli qela likwabizwa ngokuba ngamaShiites okanye abalandeli baka-Ahl al-Bayt okanye "Abantu bosapho" (loMprofeti).
Ngaphakathi kwamasebe eSunni kunye neShia, unokufumana inani lesixhenxe. Umzekelo, e-Saudi Arabia, i-Sunni Wahhabism yinto exhaphakileyo kunye ne-puritanical. Kwangokunjalo, kwiShiism, iDruze lihlelo eliclectic elihlala eLebhanon, eSyria nakwaSirayeli.
Bahlala phi amaSulumane eSunni naseShia?
AmaSilamsi amaSunni enza iipesenti ezingama-85 zesininzi samaSilamsi kwihlabathi liphela. Amazwe anjengeSaudi Arabia, i-Egypt, i-Yemen, iPakistan, i-Indonesia, iTurkey, iAlgeria, iMorocco neTunisia ubukhulu becala ngamaSunni.
Abantu ababalulekileyo bamaShia amaSilamsi bafumaneka eIran naseIraq. Indawo enkulu yamaShia amancinci ikwafumaneka eYemen, eBahrain, eSyria naseLebhanon.
Kukwiindawo zehlabathi apho abantu baseSunni naseShia besondele khona apho kungakho ukungavisisani. Ukuhlalisana e-Iraq naseLebhanon, umzekelo, kuhlala kunzima. Umahluko ngokwenkolo ungene nzulu kwinkcubeko kangangokuba ukunganyamezelani kuhlala kukhokelela kugonyamelo.
Umahluko kwinkqubo yenkolo
Ukuvela kumbuzo wokuqala wobunkokheli bezopolitiko, ezinye iinkalo zobomi bokomoya ngoku ziyahluka phakathi kwamaqela amabini amaSilamsi. Oku kubandakanya umthandazo kunye nezithethe zomtshato.
Ngale ndlela, abantu abaninzi bathelekisa la maqela mabini namaKatolika namaProtestanti. Ngokusisiseko, babelana ngeenkolelo ezifanayo kodwa beziqhuba ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ngaphandle kwale yantlukwano yezimvo kunye nokusebenza, amaShiite kunye namaSulumane amaSunni abelana ngamanqaku aphambili enkolelo yamaSilamsi kwaye athathelwa ingqalelo ngabaninzi njengabazalwane elukholweni. Ewe, uninzi lwamaSilamsi alwahlukanisi ngokubanga ukuba bangamalungu eqela elithile, kodwa bakhetha ukuzibiza nje ngokuba ngama "Muslim".
Iinkokeli zonqulo
AmaShia amaSilamsi akholelwa ukuba u-Imam akanasono ngokwendalo kwaye igunya lakhe alinakusilela kuba livela ngqo kuThixo.Ngoko ke, amaShia amaSilamsi ahlala enqula ii-imams njengeengcwele. Benza uhambo oluya kumangcwaba abo nakwiindawo ezingcwele ngethemba lokuthethelelwa nguThixo.
Eli gunya labefundisi licacisiweyo linokudlala indima nakwimicimbi karhulumente. I-Iran ngumzekelo olungileyo apho i-imam, hayi urhulumente, ligunya elongamileyo.
AmaSilamsi amaSunni aphikisa ngelithi, akukho sizathu sobuSilamsi sodidi lwelifa elinelifa leenkokheli zokomoya kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo akukho sizathu sokunqula okanye ukuthethelela abangcwele. Bathetha ukuba ubunkokheli boluntu ayilolungelo lokuzalwa, kodwa endaweni yoko kukuthenjwa okuzuzwayo okunokunikwa okanye kuthathwe ngabantu.
Imibhalo yenkolo kunye nezenzo
AmaSulumane amaSunni kunye namaShiite alandela iQur'an kunye nehadith (intetho) yomprofeti kunye ne sunna (amasiko). Ezi zizenzo ezisisiseko kwinkolo yamaSilamsi. Banamathela kwiintsika ezintlanu zobuSilamsi: degree, salat, zakat, sawm, kunye hajj.
AmaShia amaSilamsi athanda ukuziva enobutshaba kwabanye abahlobo bomprofeti uMuhammad. Oku kusekwe kwizikhundla zabo nakwizenzo zabo kwiminyaka yokuqala yokungavisisani kobunkokheli eluntwini.
Uninzi lwaba bahlobo (u-Abu Bakr, u-Umar ibn Al Khattab, uAisha, njl.njl.) Baye babalisa izithethe malunga nobomi kunye nokusebenza komprofeti. AmaSilamsi amaShia ayazilahla ezi zithethe kwaye akaxhasi naziphi na iinkqubo zabo zonqulo kubungqina baba bantu.
Ngokwendalo oku kubandakanya umohluko kwinkqubo yenkolo phakathi kwala maqela mabini. Lo mahluko uchaphazela yonke imiba eneenkcukacha zobomi benkolo: umthandazo, ukuzila ukutya, uhambo ngezonqulo nokunye okuninzi.