Ngaba uYesu wafundisa ukuba iPurigatori yinyani?
IMagna Carta yabo bonke abavangeli abangamaKristu luthumo olukhulu lukaKristu: “Hambani ke ngoko niye kuzenza abafundi zonke iintlanga. . . nibafundisa ukuba bazigcine zonke izinto endiniwisele umthetho ngazo. ”(Mateyu 28: 19-20) Qaphela ukuba umthetho kaKristu umisela umvangeli ongumKristu ukuba afundise kuphela oko uKristu akutyhilileyo hayi izimvo zakhe.
Uninzi lwamaProtestanti lucinga ukuba iCawa yamaKatolika iyasilela kule nto. Ipurigatoriyo yimfundiso yamaKatolika abacinga ukuba ivela kwiNkosi yethu. Kutyhilwe ukuba le yeyona mfundiso mininzi ityhilwe yiCawa yamaKatolika yokunyanzela amalungu ayo ukuba akholelwe.
Kuyinyani ukuba onke amalungu eCawa yamaKatolika anyanzelekile ukuba akholelwe kwimfundiso yentlambululo-miphefumlo. Kodwa ayiyonyani ukuba ivelisiwe.
Ekuphenduleni eli bango, umthetheleli ongumKatolika angabhenela kwincwadi yamandulo kaPaul ekweyoku-1 kwabaseKorinte 3: 11-15 apho achaza indlela umphefumlo osokola ngayo ngenxa yentlambululo yomlilo ngomhla womgwebo, kodwa usindiswe.
Nangona kunjalo, umbuzo endifuna ukuwuqwalasela ngulo, "Ngaba bukhona ubungqina bokuba uYesu wafundisa ngendawo enjalo?" Ukuba kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kweCawa kwe-1 kwabaseKorinte 3: 11-15 kwindawo yentlambululo-miphefumlo kuya kucenga ngakumbi.
Zimbini iivesi ezisebhayibhileni apho uYesu wafundisa ubunyani besihlanzo: UMateyu 5: 25-26 noMateyu 12:32.
Uxolelo kwiminyaka ezayo
Cinga kuqala uMateyu 12:32:
Nothe wathetha ilizwi elichasene noNyana woMntu uya kuxolelwa; kodwa othe wathetha elichasene noMoya oyiNgcwele, akasayi kuxolelwa nakweli phakade, nakwelo lizayo.
Ubeka ecaleni umbuzo wokuba siyintoni na isono esingaxolelekiyo, qaphela intsingiselo kaYesu: kukho ezinye izono ezinokuxolelwa kwiminyaka ezayo, nokuba yeyiphi na iminyaka. UPopu uSt. Gregory Omkhulu uthi: "Esi sigwebo siyaqonda ukuba ulwaphulo-mthetho oluthile lunokuxolelwa kweli xesha, kodwa abanye kule minyaka izayo" (Dial 4, 39).
Ndingathi "ubudala" (okanye "umhlaba", njengoko uguqulelwa nguDouay Reims) apho uYesu abhekisa kule ndawo bubomi basemva kobomi. Okokuqala, igama lesiGrike elithi "ubudala", aion, lisetyenziswa ukubhekisa kubomi basemva kokufa kuMarko 10:30, xa uYesu wayethetha ngobomi obungunaphakade njengomvuzo "kwixesha elizayo" kwabo bancama izinto zabo zexeshana ukulunga kwakhe Oku akuthethi ukuba uYesu ufundisa ukuba indawo yentlambululo-miphefumlo ingunaphakade, kuba ufundisa ukuba imiphefumlo ekhoyo iyakwazi ukuxolela izono zayo, kodwa uthi le meko ikhoyo ebomini basemva kokufa.
I-Aion inokusetyenziselwa ukubhekisa kwixesha elihlukileyo kobu bomi, njengakuMateyu 28: 20 xa uYesu esithi uyakuba nabapostile bakhe kude kube sekupheleni "kobudala". Kodwa ndicinga ukuba umxholo ucebisa ukuba usetyenziselwa ubomi basemva kobomi. Kuphela ziivesi ezimbalwa kamva (v. 36) UYesu uthetha "ngomhla womgwebo" othi, ngokwamaHebhere 9:27, uza emva kokufa.
Ke sinantoni? Sinemo yokuphila emva kokufa apho umphefumlo uxolelwe izono, ngokubhekiselele kwisithethe seTestamente eNdala (iNdumiso 66: 10-12; Isaya 6: 6-7; 4: 4) kunye nemibhalo kaPawulos (1 kwabaseKorinte 3: 11-15) kuthetha ukuba umphefumlo uyahlanjululwa okanye uyahlanjululwa.
Le meko ayinakuba lizulu, kuba akukho zono ezulwini. Ayinakuba sisihogo, njengoko kungekho mphefumlo esihogweni onokuthi uxolelwe izono zawo kwaye ulondolozwe. Yintoni leya? Yindawo yentlambululo-miphefumlo.
Ngokuhlawula izinto zakho
Isiqendu sesibini seBhayibhile apho uYesu afundisa inyani yokuhlanjululwa kukaMateyu 5: 25-26:
Yiba ngumhlobo womtyholwa wakho ngokukhawuleza, njengokuba usiya enkundleni naye, hleze ummangalelwa wakho akunikezele kumgwebi nakwijaji ukuze imgade, kwaye uvalelwe entolongweni; Inene ndithi kuwe soze uphinde uphume ungakhange uhlawule neyona malana yokugqibela.
UYesu uyenza icace into yokuba umoni umele ahlawule izono zakhe. Kodwa umbuzo ngulo, "Ngaba uYesu ubhekisa kwindawo yentlawulo kobu bomi okanye kobuzayo?" Ndixoxa ngokulandelayo.
Isalathiso sokuqala ligama lesiGrike "intolongo" elithi phulake. U-Saint Peter usebenzisa eli gama lesiGrike ku-1 Petros 3:19 xa echaza intolongo apho imiphefumlo yamalungisa eTestamente eNdala yayiqhutywa khona ngaphambi kokunyuka kukaYesu kunye noYesu awaye tyelele ngexesha lokwahlukana komphefumlo nomzimba wakhe ekufeni. . Kuba iphulake isetyenziselwe ukubamba indawo emva kobomi kwisithethe sobuKristu, akukho ngqiqweni ukugqiba ukuba yindlela uMateyu ayisebenzisa ngayo kuMateyu 5:25, ngakumbi xa kuthathelwa ingqalelo umongo, oko kungumkhondo wethu wesibini.
Iindinyana zaphambi nasemva kwenqaku eliqwalaselwayo zibandakanya iimfundiso zikaYesu kwizinto eziphathelene nobomi basemva kokufa kunye nosindiso lwethu lwanaphakade. Umzekelo:
U-Yesu uthetha ngobukumkani bamazulu njenge njongo yethu yokugqibela kwiiBeatople (Mateyu 5: 3-12).
U-Yesu ufundisa ukuba ubulungisa bethu kufuneka buhambe ngaphezulu kobulungisa babaFarisi ukuba sifuna ukuya ezulwini (uMateyu 5: 20).
UYesu uthetha ngokuya esihogweni ukuze ucaphuke umzalwana wakho (Mateyu 5:22).
U-Yesu ufundisa ukuba ukurhalela umfazi kuzisa ityala lokukrexeza (uMateyu 5: 27-28), nto leyo eya kuthi ifanelwe sisihogo ukuba akaguquki.
UYesu ufundisa imbuyekezo yasezulwini ngezenzo zokuhlonela (uMateyu 6: 1).
Kuya kuba yinto engaqhelekanga ngoYesu ukuba anike iimfundiso malunga nokuphila emva kwangoko ngaphambi nasemva kukaMateyu 5:25 kodwa uMateyu 5:25 ubhekisa kobu bomi kuphela. Ke ngoko, ndicinga ukuba kusengqiqweni ukugqiba kwelokuba uYesu akabhekiseli kwindawo yokuhlawulela isono kobu bomi, kodwa kuleyo yasemva kobomi.
Intolongo yethutyana
“Kodwa,” utsho, “ngenxa yokuba iyindawo yokubhatala emva kokufa ayithethi ukuba yindawo yentlambululo-miphefumlo. Ingaba sisihogo, akunjalo? Kukho imikhondo emibini ebonisa ukuba le 'ntolongo' ayisosihogo.
Okokuqala, "intolongo" eku-1 Petros 3:19 yayiyindawo yokugcina okwethutyana. Ukuba uMateyu usebenzisa iphulake ngendlela efanayo kuMateyu 5:25, kuya kulandela ukuba intolongo athetha ngayo uYesu ikwayindawo yokugcina okwethutyana.
Okwesibini, uYesu uthi umntu lowo kufuneka ahlawule "idenariyo" yokugqibela. Igama lesiGrike elithi "penny" lithi kondrantes, elalixabisa ngaphantsi kweepesenti ezimbini zomvuzo wosuku womsebenzi wasefama wenkulungwane yokuqala. Oku kuphakamisa ukuba ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho lihlawulwa, kwaye ke isohlwayo sethutyana.
ISan Girolamo yenza uqhakamshelwano olufanayo: “Idenariyo yingqekembe eneengcongconi ezimbini. Oko ikutshoyo ke yile: "Awuyi kuqhubeka kude kube uhlawule ezona zono zincinci" (Thomas Aquinas, Catena Aurea: Commentary on the Four Gospels: Collected from the works of the Fathers: St. Matthew
Thelekisa ityala elinetyala lomkhonzi okhohlakeleyo kuMateyu 18: 23-35. Isicaka kulo mzekeliso sinetyala kukumkani "amawaka alishumi eetalente" (v. 24). Italente lelona candelo likhulu lemali, lixabisa iidenariyo ezingama-6.000. Idenariyo idla ngokuxabisa umvuzo wosuku.
Ke italente enye ixabisa malunga ne-16,4 yemivuzo yemihla ngemihla. Ukuba isicaka esikumzekeliso sityala iitalente ezili-10.000 60, ke unetyala elimalunga nezigidi ezingama-165.000 zeedenariyo, ezilingana phantse ne-XNUMX yemivuzo yemihla ngemihla. Ngamanye amagama, wayenetyala ngetyala awayengekhe alihlawule.
Ngokwengxelo, inkosi yaxolela ityala lomkhonzi. Kodwa ngenxa yokuba engakhange abonakalise inceba efanayo kwabo babemtyala, ukumkani wanikela isicaka esikhohlakeleyo kubagcini-ntolongo "ade alihlawule lonke ityala lakhe" (Mateyu 18:34). Ngenxa yobuninzi bamatyala abakhonzi, kusengqiqweni ukugqiba kwelokuba uYesu wayebhekisa kwisohlwayo sikanaphakade esihogweni.
"I penny" kaMateyu 5:26 ime ngokuchaseneyo neetalente ezingamawaka alishumi. Yiyo loo nto kusengqiqweni ukucebisa ukuba uYesu wayebhekisa kwintolongo yethutyana kuMateyu 5.
Masiqwalasele oko sinako ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Kuqala, u Yesu uthetha ngemiba ebaluleke kakhulu ngokokuhlala. Okwesibini, isebenzisa igama "intolongo" elikwisiko lobuKristu lisetyenziselwa ukubhekisa kwimeko yobomi kwilixa elizayo elingelilo izulu okanye isihogo. Okwesithathu, le ntolongo yimeko yobukho bethutyana apho ukoneliseka kwenzelwa ulwaphulo mthetho lwayo.
Ke yintoni le "ntolongo"? Ayinakuba lizulu, kuba izulu lithetha ukuba zonke izono zexesha elidlulileyo zixolelwe kwaye zahlawulwa. Ayinakuba sisihogo, kuba intolongo yesihogo ingunaphakade, akukho ndlela yakuphuma. Kubonakala ngathi ekuphela kwendlela yokutolika yipurigator.
Umbhali wokuqala ongumKristu uTertullian wayekholelwa kwinto enye:
[I] Kuba siqonda ukuba "intolongo" ibonakalisile kwiVangeli ukuba yiHadesi, nendlela esikutolika ngayo "elona xabiso liphezulu" kuthetha elona tyala lincinci ekufuneka livuzwe apho phambi kovuko, akukho mntu uya kuthandabuza ukukholelwa ukuba umphefumlo uphantsi koqeqesho oluthile eHadesi, ngaphandle kokukhetha kuyo yonke inkqubo yovuko, xa umvuzo wenziwa ngokwasenyameni (A Treatise on the Soul, Ch. 58).
Indawo ekuyo maccabean
Ukujika kwindawo yentlambululo-miphefumlo kwezi zicatshulwa kuya kusiba ngakumbi nangakumbi xa sijonga imeko yezakwalizwi yamaYuda apho uYesu wafundisa khona ezi mfundiso. Kuyabonakala kwi-2 Maccabees 12: 38-45 ukuba amaYuda ayekholelwa kwimeko yobomi emva kokufa eyayingelilo izulu okanye isihogo, indawo apho umphefumlo unokuxolelwa khona ngezono.
Nokuba uyazamkela okanye akazamkeli iiMaccabees ezi-2 okanye akunjalo, nika isigunyaziso esingokwembali kule nkolelo yamaJuda. Kwaye yayiyinkolelo yamaJuda ukuba uluntu lukaYesu lwaluza kukhokelela kwiimfundiso zakhe zokuxolelwa kwezono kwixesha elizayo nakwintolongo yasemva kokufa apho umntu olwaphulo-mthetho ahlawula ityala lakhe.
Ukuba uYesu wayengabhekiseli kwintlambululo-miphefumlo kwezi zibhalo, ngeza kufuneka enike ingcaciso kubaphulaphuli bakhe abangamaYuda. Kanye njengokuba umKatolika ebeya kucinga kwangoko nge-purigatori emva kokuva ezi mfundiso okwesihlandlo sokuqala, ngoko ke noluntu lukaYesu lwamaYuda lwaluza kucinga kwangoko ngale meko yobomi emva kokubulawa kwamajoni akwaYuda Maccabees.
Kodwa uYesu akazange anike naluphi na uhlobo lokucaciswa. Ke ngoko, kusengqiqweni ukugqiba ukuba iminyaka ezayo kuMateyu 12:32 kunye nentolongo ekuMateyu 5: 25-26 ibhekisa kwindawo yentlambululo-miphefumlo.
isiphelo
Ngokwahlukileyo koko kucingelwa ngamaProtestanti amaninzi, iCawa yama Katolike ayizange ibandakanye imfundiso yokuhlanjululwa. Yinkolelo evela kwiNkosi yethu njengoko ifumaneka kwiSibhalo esingcwele. Ke ngoko, iCawa yama Katolike inokutsho ngesazela esihle ukuba ithembekile kuthumo olukhulu lokufundisa kuyo yonke into eyalelwe yiNkosi.