UbuYuda: iyintoni intsingiselo yeShomer?
Ukuba ukhe weva umntu esithi ndinguShabbat omfutshane, usenokuba uyazibuza ukuba kuthetha ntoni kanye kanye. Igama elithi shomer (שומר, ubuninzi shomrim, שומרים) livela kwigama lesiHebhere elithi shamar (שמר) kwaye ngokoqobo lithetha ukulinda, ukubukela okanye ukugcina. Ihlala isetyenziselwa ukuchaza izenzo zomntu kunye nokugcinwa komthetho wamahebhere, nangona isetyenziswa njengegama kulwimi lwesiHebhere lwanamhlanje ukuchaza umsebenzi wobunogada (umzekelo, ungumlindi wemyuziyam.
Nantsi eminye imizekelo exhaphakileyo yokusebenzisa i-shomer:
Ukuba umntu ugcina i-kosher, ubizwa ngokuba yi-shomer kashrut, okuthetha ukuba ulandela uluhlu olubanzi lwemithetho yokutya yobuJuda.
Umntu o-Shabbat okanye u-Shabbos omfutshane ugcina yonke imithetho kunye nemiyalelo yeSabatha yamaJuda.
Igama elithi shomer negiah libhekisa kumntu ophaphileyo kwimithetho emalunga nokuphepha ukunxibelelana nabantu besini esahlukileyo.
Shomer kumthetho wamaJuda
Ngapha koko, i-shomer kumthetho wamaJuda (i-halacha) ngumntu onoxanduva lokukhusela ipropathi yomntu okanye impahla yakhe. Imithetho yeshomer ivela kwiEksodus 22: 6-14:
(6) Ukuba umntu unika imali okanye izinto kummelwane wakhe ukuze azigcine, aze abiwe endlwini yaloo mntu, ukuba lithe lafunyanwa isela elo, liya kuhlawula kabini. (7) Ukuba isela alifumanekanga, umnini-ndlu makasondele kubagwebi, afunge ukuba akakhange abeke sandla sakhe kwipropathi yommelwane. (8) Lonke ilizwi elisisono, lenkunzi yenkomo, iesile, ixhwane, impahla yengubo, nantoni na elahlekileyo, ekubhekiswa kuyo njengamacala omabini, nabagwebi. Ijaji iyalivuma ityala, kuya kufuneka ihlawule ummelwane wayo kabini. (9) Ukuba umntu unika ummelwane wakhe idonki, inkunzi yenkomo, imvana okanye isilwanyana ukuba asigcine, aze afe, aphule ilungu lomzimba, okanye abanjwe kungabikho umbonayo, (10) Isifungo sikaYehova siyakuba phakathi ezimbini ngaphandle kokuba akabeki sandla kwipropathi yommelwane, kwaye umniniyo kuya kufuneka ayamkele, kwaye akazukuhlawula. (11) Kodwa ukuba ibiwe kuye, kuya kufuneka ahlawule umniniyo. (12) Ukuba uqwengwe, umele ukuba ungqina; [kuba] oqwengiweyo akayi kuhlawula. (13) Kwaye ukuba umntu uboleka [isilwanyana] kummelwane wakhe aze aphule ilungu okanye afe, ukuba umniniyo akakho, kuya kufuneka ahlawule. (14) Ukuba umnini wayo ukunye naye, akayi kuhlawula; ukuba sisilwanyana esiqeshiweyo, + siqeshisile.
Iindidi ezine zikaShomer
Ukusuka koku, izilumko zeza kwiindidi ezine ze-shomer kwaye, kwimeko nganye, umntu kufuneka azimisele, anganyanzelwa, ukuba abe yishomer.
i-shomer hinam - umgcini ongahlawulwanga (oqala kwi-Eksodus 22: 6-8)
shomer sachar - umgcini ohlawulelweyo (kwasekuqaleni kwiEksodus 22: 9-12)
USocher: umqeshi (ophuma kwiEksodus 22:14)
shoel: umboleki (ovela kwiEksodus 22: 13-14)
Icandelo ngalinye kula manqanaba linamanqanaba awohlukeneyo ozibophelelo zomthetho ngokweevesi ezihambelanayo kwiEksodus 22 (Mishnah, Bava Metzia 93a). Nanamhlanje, kwilizwe lama-Orthodox lamaJuda, imithetho yokhuseleko iyasebenza kwaye iyanyanzeliswa.
Enye yezona nkalo zixhaphakileyo zenkcubeko eyaziwayo namhlanje kusetyenziswa igama elithi shomer livela kwifilimu ka-1998 ethi "The Big Lebowski," apho umlinganiswa kaJohn Goodman uWalter Sobchak ecaphuka kwiligi ye-bowling ngokungakhumbuli ukuba nguShabbos oshushu.