IKoran: incwadi engcwele yamaSilamsi
IQuran yincwadi engcwele yehlabathi lamaSilamsi. Iqokelelwe ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-23 phakathi kwenkulungwane yesixhenxe ye-AD, iQur'an kuthiwa yakhiwa ngokutyhilelwa kuka-Allah kumprofeti uMuhammad, owayedluliselwa yingelosi uGabriel. Ezi zityhilelo zabhalwa ngababhali njengoko u-Muhammad wayezibiza ngexesha lobulungiseleli bakhe, kwaye abalandeli bakhe baqhubeka nokuzikhumbuza emva kokuba efile. Ngokuthanda kukaCaliph Abu Bakr, izahluko kunye neendinyana zaqokelelwa incwadi ngonyaka ka-632 CE; loo nguqulelo yencwadi, ebhalwe ngesiArabhu, ibiyincwadi engcwele yamaSilamsi kangangeenkulungwane ezili-13.
I-Islam yinkolo ka-Abraham, ngengqondo yokuba, njengobuKristu kunye nobuYuda, yazisa usolusapho webhayibhile uAbraham nenzala yakhe kunye nabalandeli.
IKoran
IQuran yincwadi engcwele yamaSilamsi. Yabhalwa ngenkulungwane yesixhenxe ye-AD
Umxholo wayo bubulumko buka-Allah njengoko bufunyenwe kwaye bushunyayelwa ngu-Muhammad.
I-Korani yahlulahlulwe yangamacandelo (abizwa ngokuba yi-sura) kunye neendinyana (i-ayat) ubude obahlukeneyo kunye nezihloko.
Ukwahlulwe ngokwamacandelo (juz) njengenkqubo yokufunda yeentsuku ezingama-30 yeRamadan.
I-Islam yinkolo ka-Abraham kwaye, njengobuYuda kunye nobuKristu, imbeka u-Abraham njengosolusapho.
I-Islam ityhila uYesu ('Isa) njengomprofeti ongcwele kunye nonina uMariya (Mariam) njengomfazi ongcwele.
Organizzazione
IQuran yahlulwe yazizahluko ezili-114 zezihloko ezahlukeneyo nobude bazo, obubizwa ngokuba yi-surah. I-sura nganye yenziwe ngeevesi, ezaziwa njenge ayat (okanye ayah). Eyona surah imfutshane yiAl-Kawthar, enemigca emithathu kuphela; omde nguAl-Baqara, onemigca engama-286. Izahluko zihlelwa njengeMeccan okanye iMedinan, kuxhomekeke ekubeni zibhaliwe ngaphambi kohambo lukaMuhammad oluya eMecca (iMedinan) okanye kamva (iMeccan). Izahluko ezingama-28 zaseMedinan zijongana ikakhulu nobomi bentlalo kunye nokukhula koluntu lwamaSilamsi; oomatshini abangama-86 bajongana nokholo kunye nobomi basemva kokufa.
I-Korani yahlulahlulwe yangamacandelo angama-30 alinganayo, okanye juz '. La macandelo ahlelwe ukuze umfundi afunde iKoran ekuhambeni kwenyanga. Ngexesha lenyanga yeRamadan, amaSilamsi ayacetyiswa ukuba agqibe ukufunda kube kanye okugqibeleleyo kweQuran ukusuka kwikhava ukuya kwesinye. I-ajiza (isininzi sejuz ') isebenza njengesikhokelo sokufezekisa loo msebenzi.
Izihloko zeKoran zidityanisiwe kuzo zonke izahluko, kunokuba zinikezwe ngokulandelelana okanye ngolandelelwano. Abafundi banokusebenzisa ikhonkrithi- isalathiso esidwelise ukusetyenziswa kwegama ngalinye kwiQoran- ukukhangela imixholo okanye izihloko ezithile.
Indalo ngokweQuran
Nangona imbali yokudala kwiQur'an isithi "uAllah wadala amazulu nomhlaba, nako konke okuphakathi kwawo, ngeentsuku ezintandathu", igama lesiArabhu elithi "yawm" ("usuku") linokuguqulelwa ngcono njengexesha " Msgstr ". I-Yawm ichazwa njengobude obahlukeneyo ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo. Isibini sokuqala, uAdam kunye noHawa, bathathelwa ingqalelo njengabazali boluntu: UAdam ngumprofeti wamaSilamsi kunye nenkosikazi yakhe uHawa okanye uHawa (ngesiArabhu ngo-Eva) ngunina woluntu.
Abafazi kwiKoran
Njengezinye iinkolo zika-Abraham, maninzi amakhosikazi kwiQur'an. Mnye kuphela obizwa ngokucacileyo: nguMariam. UMariam ngunina kaYesu, ongumprofeti ngokwenkolo yamaSilamsi. Abanye abafazi abakhankanyiweyo kodwa abangachazwanga ngamagama baquka abafazi baka-Abraham (uSara, uHajar) no-Asiya (uBithiah kwiHadith), inkosikazi kapharaoh, umama owamkhulisayo kaMoses.
IQuran kunye neTestamente eNtsha
IQuran ayibuchasi ubuKrestu okanye ubuJuda, koko ibhekisa kumaKrestu njengabantu "bencwadi", ethetha abantu abafumene nabakholelwayo kwizityhilelo zabaprofeti bakaThixo. kodwa bamgqala uYesu njengomprofeti, hayi isithixo, kwaye bawalumkisa amaKristu ukuba ukunqula uKristu njengothixo kuthambekela kunqulo-zithixo: AmaSilamsi abona uAllah njengokuphela koThixo oyinyaniso.
Ewe, abo bakholwayo kunye namaJuda, amaKrestu, namaShiya, bonke abakholwayo kuThixo, nangomhla wokugqibela, kwaye benza okuhle, baya kufumana umvuzo kwiNkosi yabo. Kwaye abayi kuba nalo uloyiko, kwaye abayi kukhathazeka "(2:62, 5:69 kunye nezinye iivesi ezininzi).
UMariya noYesu
UMariam, njengomama kaYesu Krestu ubizwa kwiKoran, ungumfazi olungileyo kwelakhe ilungelo: Isahluko se-19 seKoran sibizwa ngokuba siSahluko sikaMariya kwaye sichaza inguqulelo yamaMuslim yokuqonda kukaYesu uKrestu.
UYesu ubizwa ngokuba "Isa kwiQuran, kwaye amabali amaninzi afumaneka kwiTestamente eNtsha nawo akwiQur'an, kubandakanya lawo mabali okuzalwa kwakhe ngokungummangaliso, iimfundiso zakhe kunye nemimangaliso awayenzayo. Umahluko ophambili kukuba kwiQuran uYesu ngumprofeti othunyelwe nguThixo, hayi ngunyana wakhe.
Ukuhamba kwihlabathi: inxibelelwano olunxibelelanayo
IJuz '7 yeKoran inikezelwe, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kwincoko phakathi kwezenkolo. Ngelixa u-Abraham nabanye abaprofeti benxusa abantu ukuba babe nokholo kwaye bashiye izithixo ezingezizo, iQuran ibuza amakholwa ukuba anyamezele ngomonde ukwaliwa kwe-Islam ngabantu abangakholwayo kwaye bangayithathi.
Kodwa ukuba uAllah wayefuna, ngebengekho. Kwaye khange sikubize ngegama lokuba ngumfundisi kubo, okanye ukuba ungumphathi kubo. (6: 107)
ubudlova
Abagxeki banamhlanje bamaSilamsi bathi iQur'an ikhuthaza ubugebenga. Nangona yabhalwa ngexesha lobundlobongela obuqhelekileyo kunye nokuziphindezela ngexesha lokuthethwa kwetyala, iQur'an ikukhuthaza ngenkuthalo ubulungisa, uxolo kunye nokumodareyitha. Ngokucacileyo ukhuthaza amakholwa ukuba ayeke ukuwela kugonyamelo lwehlelo, ubundlobongela nxamnye nabazalwana.
Abo ke bathi bahlule inkolo yabo, bahlulele ukuba ngamahlelo, aninasabelo kuyo. Ubudlelwane babo buye noAllah; Ekugqibeleni ke uya kubaxelela yonke into abayenzileyo. (6: 159)
Ulwimi lwesiArabhu lweKoran
Umbhalo wesi-Arabhu we-Arabhu yokuqala ye-Quran uyafana kwaye awuguquki ukusukela oko watyhilwa ngenkulungwane yesixhenxe ye-AD. Malunga nama-90 eepesenti amaSilamsi emhlabeni awathethi isiArabhu njengolwimi lwenkobe, kwaye kukho iinguqulelo ezininzi zeKoran ezifumaneka ngesiNgesi nangezinye iilwimi. . Nangona kunjalo, ukuphinda imithandazo kunye nokufunda izahluko kunye neendinyana kwiQur'an, amaSilamsi asebenzisa isiArabhu ukuthatha inxaxheba njengenxalenye yokholo lwabo ekwabelwana ngalo.
Ukufunda nokwenza izinto
Umprofeti uMuhammadia wayalela abalandeli bakhe ukuba "bahombise iKoran ngamazwi akho" (Abu Dawud). Ukuphinda kuqatshelwe kweQur'an kwiqela kuyinto eqhelekileyo kwaye kukuzibophelela okuqinisekileyo nangomculo yindlela amalungu agcina nawabelana ngayo ngemiyalezo.
Nangona iinguqulelo ezininzi zesiNgesi zeQuran zinemibhalo esemazantsi, ezinye iindinyana zinokufuna inkcazo ethe kratya okanye zibekwe kwimeko epheleleyo. Ukuba kukho imfuneko, abafundi basebenzisa iTafseer, inkcazo okanye inkcazo, ukubonelela ngolwazi oluthe kratya.