Umtya obomvu bobuYuda
Ukuba ukhe waya kwa-Israyeli okanye wabona isithandwa esikhulu seKabbalah, amathuba awubonwa ngocingo obomvu okanye isongo esithandwayo se-kabbalah. Ukuqengqeleka ukusuka kwi-stroller okanye eboshwe esondweni, ihonjiswe ngamacangci okanye ngokucacileyo, intambo ebomvu inamanqaku amaninzi kwimvelaphi kunye neentsingiselo ezingaqondakaliyo.
Umbala
Intsingiselo yombala obomvu (i-adom) inxulumene nobomi kunye nobungqabavu, kuba le yimibala yegazi. Igama lesiHebhere elinegazi ligazi, elivela kwingcambu efanayo negama lomntu, uAdam nomhlaba, onguAdamah. Ke igazi kunye nobomi zinxulumene ngokusondeleyo.
Kukho umahluko phakathi kombala obomvu (i-adom) nomthunzi wombala obizwa ngokuba ngu-shani. I-tinam ebomvu esetyenziswa ngelo xesha leTorah yaveliswa ngumbungu wentaba owangena phantsi kwemithi yamazwe asempuma yeMeditera anjenge Israel (Tosefta Menachot 9: 16). KwiTorah, esi sinambuzane sibizwa ngokuba yi-tola'at shani, okanye "sibomvu krwe".
URashi udibanise "umhlana obomvu kraca" kwiimeko ezingenakubalwa zokuguquka kunye nombala obomvu kwiTorah, ebonisa ukuphakama kwento ethobekileyo ethe yahamba emhlabeni wonke kwindiza ephezulu ngokuzibandakanya kwayo enguqukweni.
I-Torah
Kukho izinto ezahlukeneyo ezahlukileyo kwiTorah phakathi komthunzi obomvu obizwa ngokuba ngu-shani.
Eminye imizekelo yokusetyenziswa kombala ngokubanzi:
Ibala likaEsawu xa wazalwa (Genesis 25:25)
Isiraphu ye-lentil kaJacob (Genesis 25:30)
Amehlo uYehujah (Genesis 49:12)
Inkomo ebomvu / inkunzi yenkomo (INumeri 19: 2)
Amehlo enxila (IMizekeliso 23:29)
Iewayini (IMizekeliso 23: 31)
Igazi (2 Kumkani 3:22)
Ihashe (Zekariya 1: 8)
Ukuphalazwa kwegazi (Zekariya 6: 2)
Eminye imizekelo yokusetyenziswa kwemibala ye-shani ekubhekiswa kwintambo enemibala okanye intambo:
Umtya oxhonywe esinqeni sikaZera xa kuzalwa, eqinisekisa ubuzibulo bakhe (iGenesis 38: 28-30)
Intambo iphoxekile yifestile kaRahabhi, ekhusela yena nosapho lwakhe ekufeni kwamaSirayeli oyisayo (Yoshuwa 2:18, 6:25)
Iingubo zinxitywe zizityebi kunye nelungelo (2 Samuweli 1: 24 neMizekeliso 31: 21) nangombingeleli omkhulu weTempile (2 yeziKronike 2: 7, 14 no-3)
Isetyenziswe kwizicwili zeMishkan kwaye emva koko kwiTempile yaseYerusalem (IEksodus 25: 4, 26: 1, 31, 36 ne-28: 5, 6, 8, 15)
Isetyenziswe kwizithethe zokucoca (iLevitikus 14: 4, 6, 51 neNumeri 19: 6)
ITalmud
Ngokwe-Talmud, le ntambo ibomvu yayisetyenziswa kwisiko le-Yom Kippur lesikre. Ngeli xesha lenkqubo, umbingeleli omkhulu wabeka izandla zakhe kwi-scapegoat, wazivuma izono zakwa-Israyeli kwaye wacela intlawulelo. Wayebopha intambo ebomvu phakathi kweempondo zesikwere kunye nelinye icandelo entanyeni yebhokhwe yesibini ukubonisa ukuba yayixhelwa phi.
Ibhokhwe yesibini ke yayixhelwa njengedini lesono kwaye isazi sedabi sathunyelwa entlango. Ukufika apho, umntu obenoxanduva lokubetha isikhumbuzo wabopha ilitye kwisondo elibomvu kwisikwere kwaye wasityhalela isilwanyana eso esityeni (Yoma 4: 2, 6: 8).
Ngokwesiko, ukuba izono zamaSirayeli zixolelwe, intambo yayiza kujika ibe mhlophe kanye xa isikhafu sifike enkqantosini. Isiko laqhubeka xa kwakusakhiwa itempile eJerusalem, kunye nesiqwenga soboya obubomvu esiboshwe emnyango wendawo yengcwele, ebeya kuba mhlophe ukuba uThixo wayelwamkele uxolelo lwezono lwamaSirayeli.
Njani kwaye kutheni
Zininzi izizathu ezahlukeneyo zokunxiba intambo ebomvu, kwaye imvelaphi yazo zihlala zixhunyiwe kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokukhusela kunye nokuguquka okubonakalayo kwezi zinto zikhankanyiweyo ngaphambili kwiTorah.
Ke ngoko, izizathu kwilizwe lamaYuda nelingezizo ezobuYuda (jonga ezinye iiNkcubeko ezingezantsi) zihlala zijikeleza kukhuseleko, nokuba kukhusela abantu, izilwanyana okanye impahla nxamnye nesifo, iliso elingendawo (ayin hara) okanye abanye amandla amabi okanye izehlo.
Nazi ezinye zeeklasikhi "kanjani" kwaye "kutheni" kubantu abanxiba intambo yokhuni:
Ukubopha intambo ebomvu kwisandla sasekhohlo kuthintela ithamsanqa elibi (i-hara okanye iliso elibi).
Beka intambo ebomvu ide ilile kwaye iwele ngokwemvelo kwaye uya kudibana kamva nomntu oza kutshata naye.
Ukuba ukhulelwe okanye uzama ukuba ukhulelwe, nxiba intambo ebomvu esinqeni sakho okanye esinqeni sakho ukuze unqande iso elibi.
Ukuba undwendwela kwa-Israyeli okanye, ngakumbi, ingcwaba likaRakeli eBhetelehem, uninzi lwabo bathengisa intambo ebomvu bathi bade bancamathisela intambo kwingcwaba likaRakeli izihlandlo ezisixhenxe. Injongo yesi senzo sokutyholwa kukubonelela kulowo usinxibileyo ngeempawu zikaRakeli, kubandakanya ububele kunye nesisa.
Oorabi kwintambo ebomvu
UDebreczyner Rav, okanye uBe'er Moshe 8:36, wabhala ebuntwaneni bakhe apho wayekhumbula khona ukubona abantu bonqulo benxibe imitya ebomvu, nangona wayengafumani mithombo ibhaliweyo yolwenziwo. Ekugqibeleni, kubonisa ukuba yinto eqhelekileyo ukwala iso elibi kwaye u-Minhag Yisroel Torah Yoreh Deah 179 uyavuma.
E-Tosefta, Shabbat 7, kukho ingxoxo malunga nokuziqhelanisa nokubopha intambo ebomvu kwinto okanye ukubopha intambo kujikeleze into ebomvu. Esi sahluko sikhethekileyo seTosefta sithetha ngokwenyani nezenzo ezenziweyo kuba ucinga iDarchei Emori, okanye imisebenzi ye-Emoriti. Ngokubanzi, uTosefta uxoxa ngokunqula izithixo.
Ekugqibeleni, uTosefta ugqiba kwelokuba ukubopha intambo ebomvu kukuziphatha okungavumelekanga kobuhedeni kwaye uRadak Yeshayahu 41 ulandela inqaku. URabi uMoses ben Maimon, owaziwa ngcono ngokuba yiRambam okanye iMaimonides, uthi kwiMoreh Nevuchim 3:37 ithi ibangela ububi kulowo uyambathayo.
Ezinye iinkcubeko
Isenzo sokubopha intambo ebomvu ukuphepha ithamsanqa elibi kunye nemimoya emdaka inokufumaneka kwiinkcubeko ukusuka eTshayina naseRomania ukuya eGrisi nakwiRiphabhlikhi yaseDominican.
Imizekelo nje embalwa yendima yomtya obomvu kwezinye iinkcubeko nakwinkolo:
Intsomi yaseTshayina ithi xa umntwana ezalwa ngentambo ebomvu engabonakaliyo ubopha loo mphefumlo womntwana kubo bonke abantu aza kudibana nabo ebomini bakhe.
KwisiNgesi, i-Ireland kunye ne-Wales Umtya obomvu oxhonywe entanyeni unokunyanga i-pertussis kunye ne-madness "xa inyanga ibuna". ENgilani, ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-1040, kwaxelwa ukuba intambo ebomvu emqaleni yayiya kunyanga iintlungu zokutsala kosana.
E-Kansas ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX naseI Illinois ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-XNUMX, kwaxelwa ukuba intambo ebomvu ebotshelwe entanyeni yayiya kunyanga impumlo.
E-Romania, ama-Serbs acinga ukuba ibhinqa elikhulelweyo lifanele ukuba lalinxibe intambo ebomvu kufutshane nomnwe ophakathi kwaye eGrisi umfazi okhulelweyo wayeya kunxiba iringi ebomvu engalweni yakhe.
E-Itali, iirbhoni ezibomvu zivele phambi kwee-80s kwimibhobho, iimeko zeglasi, izibambo zekofu kunye nokuthunga kwiijethi okanye kwijethi.