Imyuziyam yaseBaltimore ibonisa umyalezo ophakathi wasetyenziswa nguSt.Francis waseAssisi

Ngaphezulu kweenkulungwane ezisibhozo ezidlulileyo, iSt.

Benethemba lokuba uThixo uza kubathumela umyalezo, abantu abatsha abazizityebi baceba ukubhala lo myalezo bathandaze umntu ngamnye kuBathathu Emnye.

Okothusayo, nganye yezi ndinyana zintathu zeVangeli bazifumana kuyo kanye loo myalelo: ukulahla iimpahla zasemhlabeni kunye nokulandela uKrestu.

Ukuthatha la mazwi entliziyweni, uSt. Francis wamisela umthetho wobomi owawuya kulawula i-Order of Friars Minerals. AmaFranciscans aye ayamkela intlupheko enkulu yokusondela kuKristu kunye nokushumayela abanye.

Kwa la ncwadi inye iphefumlele uSt. Francis ngo-1208 ukuba ikhuthaze amawaka abanye, njengoko iWalters Art Museum eBaltimore iyayibonisa okokuqala esidlangalaleni kwiminyaka engama-40, ukusukela nge-1 kaFebruwari ukuya nge-31 kaMeyi.

Ukuphoswa kukaSt.Francis okubuyiselweyo, umbhalo-ngqangi wenkulungwane ye-1 apho iSt. UFrancis waseAssisi athetha-thethana naye ngelixesha lokuqonda ngobomi bakhe bokomoya, uza kuboniswa eWalters Art Museum eBaltimore ukusukela nge-31 kaFebruwari ukuya kumhla wama-XNUMX kuMeyi.

Ukuphoswa kweLatini, okuqulethe ukufundwa kweVangeli kunye nemithandazo esetyenziswe ngexesha lesininzi, kwenziwe umzamo wokubukisisa iminyaka emibini ojolise kulungiso lwenzala yeminyaka.

Ukuphosa, ngakumbi ukuthandwa ngamaKatolika, ayisiyonto nje eyimbali. Kuba wachukunyiswa yingcwele, ikwajongwa ngabaninzi njengeenkolo zonqulo.

"Lo ngowona mbhalo wesandla sicelwe wona," utshilo uLynley Herbert, umhleli weencwadi ezinqabileyo kunye nemibhalo ebhaliweyo eWalters.

UHerbert waphawula ukuba amaFranciscans avela kwihlabathi liphela atyelele amaWalters kumashumi eminyaka ukuya kubona umbono wencwadi ekhanyisiweyo. Ngenxa yokubaluleka kwayo kuluntu lwaseFrancisan, amaWalters amvumela ukuba ayibone kwanaxa iimeko ezibuthathaka zencwadi ebhaliweyo zazithintela ekubonakalisweni esidlangalaleni.

"Sibe yindawo yokuhambela," utshilo uHerbert. "Kunokwenzeka ukuba ndiqhakamshelane nenyanga, ukuba ayenzi veki zonke, ndicele ukubona le ncwadi

UHerbert wathi lo msitho wagunyaziselwa iCawa yaseSan Nicolò eAssisi. Umbhalo ngaphakathi kombhalo obhaliweyo ubonakalisa ukuba umnikeli wencwadi wayehlala e-Assisi kwiminyaka ye-1180 neye-1190.

"Umbhalo-ngqangi kungenzeka ukuba wenziwa kwakamsinya phambi kwentsimbi ye-1200," uxelele iCatholic Review, indawo ebalulekileyo yosasazo lweArchdiocese yaseBaltimore. "Kwinkulungwane ye-15, kwafuneka ukuba iphinde ibuyele ngenxa yokuba ukubopha mhlawumbi kwaqala ukuwa emva kweenkulungwane ezininzi zokusetyenziswa."

I-Missal yaseSan Francesco kukholelwa ukuba ibibanjelwe eSan Nicolò de inyikima yonakalisa icawe ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX. Izinto zeecawa zakudala zasasazwa kwaye icawe yadilizwa. Konke okusaseleyo namhlanje yicawe ekhethiweyo.

UHenry Walters, ingqokelela yakhe yobugcisa yaba sisiseko seMyuziyam yezobuGcisa beWalters, wathenga iMissal kaSt.Francis kumthengisi wobugcisa ngo-1924, ngokukaHerbert.

UQuandt uthe owona mceli mngeni yayikukulungiswa kweeplanga ze-beech ngeenkulungwane ezili-XNUMX ezanceda ukubamba incwadi kunye. Iibhodi kunye namanye amaphepha esikhumba ahlaselwa kwakudala zizinambuzane kwaye zashiya imingxunya emininzi, utshilo.

UQuandt noMagee bazisusile iibhodi bazibeka kwiphepha lencwadi. Bazalisa imingxunya ngokuncamathelisa okhethekileyo ukomeleza iinkuni, balungisa amaphepha kwaye batshintsha indawo yomqolo wesikhumba ngesikhumba esitsha. Yonke imibhalo ebhaliweyo yazinziswa kwaye yadityaniswa kunye.

Xa besebenza kule projekthi, abalondolozi bafumanise ukuba ngokwahlukileyo koko bekulindelwe kumbhalo-ngqangi obalaseleyo, igqabi legolide alisetyenziswanga kwiSt. Francis Missal. Ababhali ababekhanyisa amaphepha esikhumba endaweni yoko basebenzise igqabi lesilivere elalinxitywe luhlobo lwepeyinti elenza ukuba libukeke njengegolide.

Besebenzisa izibane ezi-ultraviolet kunye ne-infrared, iqela le-Walters laphawula ezinye iimpazamo ezazenziwe ngababhali ekuveliseni kwencwadi yomthandazo: igama, isivakalisi okanye imihlathi yonke ingekho ngelixa bekopa imibhalo engcwele.

"Ngokuqhelekileyo, umbhali wayevele athathe ipeni yakhe aze akrobe umphezulu (wesikhumba) kakhulu, ngononophelo olukhulu ukususa unobumba okanye igama elingalunganga," utshilo uQuandt. "Kwaye emva koko baya kubhala ngayo."

Ngelixa abagcini bezinto zokusebenza besebenza ukugcina lo mbhalo-ngqangi, iphepha ngalinye lalifakwe ekhompyutheni ukuze nabani na onokufikelela kwi-Intanethi kwihlabathi liphela akwazi ukuyijonga aze ayifunde. Iya kufumaneka kwiphepha lewebhu likaWalters 'Ex-Libris, https://manuscripts.thewalters.org, ngokukhangela "iMissal of St. Francis".

Umboniso uzakubonisa nezinye izinto ezininzi, kubandakanya ukupeyinta, iindlovu kunye neeseramiki kumaxesha ahlukeneyo, kugqamisa "imiba eyahlukeneyo yeziphumo ezibi zalombhalo ekuhambeni kwexesha kunye nendlela echaphazela ngayo abantu abohlukeneyo," utshilo uHerbert.

Ukongeza kumanqaku anxulumene negalelo lika-St. Francis kwimibutho yaseFranciscan, kuyakubakho izinto ezinxulumene ne-St.Clare, owasetyhini wokuqala ukulandela iSt. Herbert ifani

Kukwakho nelinye ityala eliza kugxila ekuzinikeleni ngasese nakwiiFranciscans zeli, ”utshilo.

UHerbert uqaphele ukuba i-missal yona inamaphepha amathathu azaliswe yimibala ekhanyayo, kubandakanya umfanekiso ocacileyo wokubethelelwa emnqamlezweni obonisa uKristu emnqamlezweni kunye neengelosi ezimbini ngaphezulu. UMary noSt uYohane Othandekayo basecaleni lakhe.

Umboniso wasimahla, oxhaswe ngenxalenye yiArchdiocese yaseBaltimore, ubonakala ngencwadi evulekileyo kwenye yeendinyana ezintathu zombhalo weVangeli ezifundwe yiSt. wafunda.

"Xa lo mbhalo ubonisiwe ngaphambili, bekusoloko kuvulelwe esinye sezikhanyiso - ezithandekayo ngokwenene," utshilo uHerbert. "Kodwa besicinga ngayo ixesha elide kwaye sithathe isigqibo sokuba kuya kuba luncedo ngakumbi ukuba abantu beze kuwubona kulo mboniso ukuba sibonisa ukuvuleka okunokwenzeka ukuba iSt. Francis inxibelelane nayo."

UMatysek ngumhleli wedijithali weArchdiocese yaseBaltimore.