I-Islam: isingeniso esifutshane kwiKoran

IQuran yincwadi engcwele yehlabathi lamaSilamsi. Iqokelelwe ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-23 phakathi kwenkulungwane yesixhenxe ye-AD, iQur'an kuthiwa yakhiwa ngokutyhilelwa kuka-Allah kumprofeti uMuhammad, owayedluliselwa yingelosi uGabriel. Ezi zityhilelo zabhalwa ngababhali njengoko u-Muhammad wayezibiza ngexesha lobulungiseleli bakhe, kwaye abalandeli bakhe baqhubeka nokuzikhumbuza emva kokuba efile. Ngokuthanda kukaCaliph Abu Bakr, izahluko kunye neendinyana zaqokelelwa incwadi ngonyaka ka-632 CE; loo nguqulelo yencwadi, ebhalwe ngesiArabhu, ibiyincwadi engcwele yamaSilamsi kangangeenkulungwane ezili-13.

I-Islam yinkolo ka-Abraham, ngengqondo yokuba, njengobuKristu kunye nobuYuda, yazisa usolusapho webhayibhile uAbraham nenzala yakhe kunye nabalandeli.

IKoran
IQuran yincwadi engcwele yamaSilamsi. Yabhalwa ngenkulungwane yesixhenxe ye-AD
Umxholo wayo bubulumko buka-Allah njengoko bufunyenwe kwaye bushunyayelwa ngu-Muhammad.
I-Korani yahlulahlulwe yangamacandelo (abizwa ngokuba yi-sura) kunye neendinyana (i-ayat) ubude obahlukeneyo kunye nezihloko.
Ukwahlulwe ngokwamacandelo (juz) njengenkqubo yokufunda yeentsuku ezingama-30 yeRamadan.
I-Islam yinkolo ka-Abraham kwaye, njengobuYuda kunye nobuKristu, imbeka u-Abraham njengosolusapho.
I-Islam ityhila uYesu ('Isa) njengomprofeti ongcwele kunye nonina uMariya (Mariam) njengomfazi ongcwele.
Organizzazione
I-Koran yahlulahlulwe yangama-114 izahluko zezihloko ezahlukeneyo kunye nobude, baziwa ngokuba yi-surah. Imilo nganye idityaniswe iivesi, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-ayat (okanye i-ayah). Elona lifutshane lifutshane yiAl-Kawthar, eneendinyana ezintathu kuphela; eyona inde kakhulu yiAl-Baqara, enemigca engama-286. Izahluko zihlelwa njengeMeccan okanye iMedinan, ngokusekwe nokuba zabhalwa ngaphambi kokuhamba kukaMuhammadina ukuya eMecca (Medinan) okanye kamva (Meccan). Izahluko ezingama-28 zeMedinan zichaphazela ikakhulu impilo yoluntu kunye nokukhula koluntu lwamaSilamsi; I-Mechanics ijongana nokholo kunye nobomi emva kobomi.

I-Korani yahlulahlulwe yangamacandelo angama-30 alinganayo, okanye juz '. La macandelo ahlelwe ukuze umfundi afunde iKoran ekuhambeni kwenyanga. Ngexesha lenyanga yeRamadan, amaSilamsi ayacetyiswa ukuba agqibe ukufunda kube kanye okugqibeleleyo kweQuran ukusuka kwikhava ukuya kwesinye. I-ajiza (isininzi sejuz ') isebenza njengesikhokelo sokufezekisa loo msebenzi.

Izihloko zeKoran zidityanisiwe kuzo zonke izahluko, kunokuba zinikezwe ngokulandelelana okanye ngolandelelwano. Abafundi banokusebenzisa ikhonkrithi- isalathiso esidwelise ukusetyenziswa kwegama ngalinye kwiQoran- ukukhangela imixholo okanye izihloko ezithile.

 

Indalo ngokweQuran
Nangona imbali yokudala kwiQur'an isithi "uAllah wadala amazulu nomhlaba, nako konke okuphakathi kwawo, ngeentsuku ezintandathu", igama lesiArabhu elithi "yawm" ("usuku") linokuguqulelwa ngcono njengexesha " Msgstr ". I-Yawm ichazwa njengobude obahlukeneyo ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo. Isibini sokuqala, uAdam kunye noHawa, bathathelwa ingqalelo njengabazali boluntu: UAdam ngumprofeti wamaSilamsi kunye nenkosikazi yakhe uHawa okanye uHawa (ngesiArabhu ngo-Eva) ngunina woluntu.

 

Abafazi kwiKoran
Njengezinye iinkolo zika-Abraham, maninzi amakhosikazi kwiQur'an. Mnye kuphela obizwa ngokucacileyo: nguMariam. UMariam ngunina kaYesu, ongumprofeti ngokwenkolo yamaSilamsi. Abanye abafazi abakhankanyiweyo kodwa abangachazwanga ngamagama baquka abafazi baka-Abraham (uSara, uHajar) no-Asiya (uBithiah kwiHadith), inkosikazi kapharaoh, umama owamkhulisayo kaMoses.

IQuran kunye neTestamente eNtsha
IQuran ayibugatyazi ubuKristu okanye ubuYuda, koko ibhekisa kumaKristu njengabantu "abasencwadini", oko kukuthi, abantu abafumene kwaye bakholelwe kwizityhilelo zabaprofeti bakaThixo. Iivesi zibonisa amanqaku ahambelana phakathi kwamaKristu kunye AmaSilamsi, kodwa bamgqala uYesu njengomprofeti, hayi isithixo, kwaye balumkisa amaKrismesi ukuba ukunqula uKrestu njengoyolo kungena kwis polytheism: AmaSilamsi abona uAllah njengokuphela koThixo oyinyaniso.

Ewe, abo bakholwayo kunye nabo bangamaJuda, amaKrestu kunye namaShiya, bonke abakholwayo kuThixo, nangomhla wokugqibela, kwaye benza okuhle, baya kufumana umvuzo kwiNkosi yabo. Kwaye abayi kuba nalo uloyiko, kwaye abayi kukhathazeka "(2:62, 5:69 kunye nezinye iivesi ezininzi).
UMariya noYesu

UMariam, njengomama kaYesu Krestu ubizwa kwiKoran, ungumfazi olungileyo kwelakhe ilungelo: Isahluko se-19 seKoran sibizwa ngokuba siSahluko sikaMariya kwaye sichaza inguqulelo yamaMuslim yokuqonda kukaYesu uKrestu.

U-Yesu ubizwa ngokuba ngu-Isa kwiQuran, kwaye amabali amaninzi afumaneka kwiTestamente eNtsha akwiQur'an, kubandakanya lawo mabali ngokuzalwa kwakhe ngokungummangaliso, iimfundiso zakhe kunye nemimangaliso awayenzayo. Umahluko ophambili kukuba kwiQuran uYesu ungumprofeti othunyelwe nguThixo, hayi ngonyana wakhe.

 

Ukuhamba kwihlabathi: inxibelelwano olunxibelelanayo
I-7 kaJuz 'yeKoran inikezelwe, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kwincoko enxibelelanayo. Ngelixa u-Abraham kunye nabanye abaprofeti bemema abantu ukuba babe nokholo kwaye bashiye izithixo ezingeyonyani, iQur'an icela amakholwa ukuba anyamezele ngokunyamezelwa ukwala u-Islam ngabantu abangakholwayo kwaye bangathathi buqu.

Kodwa ukuba uAllah wayefuna, ngebengekho. Kwaye khange sikubize ngegama lokuba ngumfundisi kubo, okanye ukuba ungumphathi kubo. (6: 107)
ubudlova
Abagxeki banamhlanje bamaSilamsi bathi iQur'an ikhuthaza ubugebenga. Nangona yabhalwa ngexesha lobundlobongela obuqhelekileyo kunye nokuziphindezela ngexesha lokuthethwa kwetyala, iQur'an ikukhuthaza ngenkuthalo ubulungisa, uxolo kunye nokumodareyitha. Ngokucacileyo ukhuthaza amakholwa ukuba ayeke ukuwela kugonyamelo lwehlelo, ubundlobongela nxamnye nabazalwana.

Abo ke bathi bahlule inkolo yabo, bahlulele ukuba ngamahlelo, aninasabelo kuyo. Ubudlelwane babo buye noAllah; Ekugqibeleni ke uya kubaxelela yonke into abayenzileyo. (6: 159)
Ulwimi lwesiArabhu lweKoran
Umbhalo wesi-Arabhu we-Arabhu yokuqala ye-Quran uyafana kwaye awuguquki ukusukela oko watyhilwa ngenkulungwane yesixhenxe ye-AD. Malunga nama-90 eepesenti amaSilamsi emhlabeni awathethi isiArabhu njengolwimi lwenkobe, kwaye kukho iinguqulelo ezininzi zeKoran ezifumaneka ngesiNgesi nangezinye iilwimi. . Nangona kunjalo, ukuphinda imithandazo kunye nokufunda izahluko kunye neendinyana kwiQur'an, amaSilamsi asebenzisa isiArabhu ukuthatha inxaxheba njengenxalenye yokholo lwabo ekwabelwana ngalo.

 

Ukufunda nokwenza izinto
Umprofeti uMuhammadia wayalela abalandeli bakhe ukuba "bahombise iKoran ngamazwi akho" (Abu Dawud). Ukuphinda kuqatshelwe kweQur'an kwiqela kuyinto eqhelekileyo kwaye kukuzibophelela okuqinisekileyo nangomculo yindlela amalungu agcina nawabelana ngayo ngemiyalezo.

Ngelixa iinguqulelo ezininzi zesiNgesi zeQur'an zinemibhalo esemazantsi, ezinye iindinyana zinokufuna inkcazo ngakumbi okanye zibekwe kumxholo opheleleyo ngakumbi. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, abafundi basebenzisa iTafseer, i-exegesis okanye iikhomenti, ukubonelela ngolwazi oluthe kratya.