Umnyhadala nombhiyozo ka-Bat Mitzvah
Bat mitzvah ngokoqobo lithetha "intombi yomyalelo". Igama elithi bat liguqulela ku "ntombi" ngesi-Aramaic, ebesilulwimi oluthethwayo oluqhelekileyo lwabantu bamaJuda kwaye uninzi lweMbindi Mpuma ukusuka kwi-500 BC ukuya kwi-AD 400. Igama elithi mitzvah ngesiHebhere lithetha "umthetho".
Ibinzana elithi Bat Mitzvah libhekisa kwizinto ezimbini
Xa intombazana ifikelela kwiminyaka eli-12 ubudala iba-bat mitzvah kwaye yamkelwe ngesiko lamaJuda njengamalungelo afanayo nawomdala. Ngoku unoxanduva ngokuziphatha nangokusesikweni kwizigqibo zakhe nakwizenzo zakhe, ngelixa ngaphambi kokuba abe mdala, abazali bakhe babeya kuba noxanduva ngokuziphatha nangokusesikweni kwizenzo zakhe.
IBat mitzvah ikwabhekisa kumbhiyozo wenkolo ohamba nentombazana ukuba ibe yibat mitzvah. Rhoqo umsitho wokubhiyozela uya kulandela umsitho kwaye loo msitho ubizwa ngokuba yi-bat mitzvah. Umzekelo, ungathi “Ndiya ku-bat mitzvah ka-Sarah kule mpelaveki,” ubhekise kumsitho kunye nepati yokumakisha umsitho.
Eli nqaku limalunga nomsitho wenkolo kunye nomthendeleko obizwa ngokuba yi-bat mitzvah. Iinkcukacha zomsitho kunye nepati, nangona kukho umsitho wenkolo ukuphawula umsitho, ziyahluka kakhulu kuxhomekeke kumbutho wamaJuda osapho.
Storia
Ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX nasekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-XNUMX, uninzi lwamaJuda lwaqala ukufumana amanqaku xa intombazana yayiba yibat mitzvah ngomsitho okhethekileyo. Olu yayilikhefu kwinkcubeko yesiko lamaJuda, elalinqabela abafazi ekubeni bathathe inxaxheba ngqo kwiinkonzo zonqulo.
Sebenzisa umsitho we-bar mitzvah njengomzekelo, uluntu lwamaJuda lwaqala ukuzama ukwenza umsitho ofanayo wamantombazana. Ngomnyaka we-1922, uRabi uMordekayi Kaplan wenza umsitho wokuqala we-mitzvah eMelika kwintombi yakhe uJudith, xa wayevunyelwe ukuba afunde kwi-Torah xa esiba yi-mitzvah bat. Ngelixa eli lungelo litsha lifunyenweyo lingahambelani nobunzima bomsitho we-bar mitzvah, umsitho kodwa waphawula into ethathwa njengeyokuqala njengeyokuqala ye-bat mitzvah e-United States. Ixhokonxe ukukhula kunye nokudaleka komnyhadala we-bat mitzvah.
Umsitho kwiingingqi ezingekho semthethweni
Kwiindawo ezininzi zamaJuda akhululekileyo, umzekelo kuluntu oluhlaziyiweyo nolondolozayo, umsitho we-bat mitzvah uye waphantse wafana nomsitho webar mitzvah wamakhwenkwe. Olu luntu luhlala ludinga intombazana ukuba ilungiselele inkonzo. Uhlala efunda urabi kunye / okanye noCantor iinyanga ezininzi, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha iminyaka. Ngelixa eyona ndima ayidlalayo kwinkonzo iya kwahluka phakathi kweentshukumo ezahlukeneyo zamaJuda kunye nezindlu zesikhungu, ihlala ibandakanya ezinye okanye zonke ezi zinto zilandelayo:
Ukuqhuba imithandazo ethile okanye inkonzo yonke ngexesha lenkonzo yeSabbat okanye, ngokungaqhelekanga, inkonzo yenkolo ngeentsuku zeveki.
Funda isahlulo seveki kwiTorah ngexesha lenkonzo yeShabat okanye, ngokungaqhelekanga, inkonzo yenkolo ngeempelaveki. Rhoqo intombazana iya kufunda kwaye isebenzise ukucula kwendabuko ngokufunda.
Funda isahlulo seveki se-Haftarah ngexesha lenkonzo ye-Shabbat okanye, ngokungaqhelekanga, kwinkonzo yenkolo yemihla yeveki. Rhoqo intombazana iya kufunda kwaye isebenzise ukucula kwendabuko ngokufunda.
Nika intetho ngokufunda iTorah kunye / okanye iHaftarah.
Ngokugcwalisa iprojekthi tzedakah (yesisa) ekhokelela kumsitho wokunyusa imali okanye iminikelo yesisa ukukhetha ibat mitzvah.
Intsapho ye-bat mitzvah ihlala ihlonitshwa kwaye yamkelwe ngexesha lenkonzo kunye ne-aliyah okanye ezininzi ze-aliyot. Kwizindlu zesikhungu ezininzi sele kulisiko ukudlulisa iTorah isuka koomawokhulu iye kubazali iye kwi-bat mitzvah uqobo, ibonisa ukuyekiswa kwesibophelelo sokuzibandakanya kufundo lweTora kunye nobuJuda.
Ngelixa umsitho we-bat mitzvah sisiganeko esibalulekileyo kumjikelo wobomi kwaye sisiphelo seminyaka yokufunda, ayisosiphelo semfundo yamantombazana angamaJuda. Kuphawula nje ukuqala kobomi bemfundo yamaJuda, ukufunda nokuthatha inxaxheba kuluntu lwamaJuda.
Umsitho kwimimandla yama-Orthodox
Kuba ukubandakanyeka kwabafazi kwimisitho yonqulo esesemthethweni akuvunyelwanga kwiindawo ezininzi zama-Orthodox kunye nama-Ultra-Orthodox amaJuda, umsitho we-bat mitzvah awukho ngokubanzi kwifomathi efanayo neentshukumo ezikhululekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, intombazana eba lilungu le-bat mitzvah isesisihlandlo esikhethekileyo. Kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje, imibhiyozo kawonke-wonke ye-bat mitzvah ixhaphake kakhulu phakathi kwama-Orthodox amaJuda, nangona imibhiyozo yahlukile kuhlobo lomthendeleko we-bat mitzvah ochazwe apha ngasentla.
Iindlela zokuphawula umsitho ziyahluka esidlangalaleni ngokwasentlalweni. Kwezinye iindawo, i-bat mitzvahs ingafunda kwiTorah kwaye iqhube umthandazo okhethekileyo wabasetyhini kuphela. Kwezinye iindawo ze-Ultra-Orthodox Haredi amantombazana anokutya okukhethekileyo kwabasetyhini kuphela apho i-bat mitzvah iya kunika iD'var Torah, imfundiso emfutshane kwinxalenye yeTorah kwiveki ye-bat mitzvah. Kwiindawo ezininzi zala maOthodoki eShabbat emva kokuba intombazana iba yi-bat mitzvah, inokuhambisa iTorah D'var. Akukho pateni ifanayo yomsitho we-bat mitzvah kuluntu lwamaOthodoki okwangoku, kodwa isithethe siyaqhubeka ukuvela.
Umbhiyozo kunye neqela
Isithethe sokulandela umsitho wenkolo ye-bat mitzvah ngombhiyozo okanye nomthendeleko omangalisayo yinto yakutshanje. Ukuba sesona siganeko siphambili kumjikelo wobomi, iyaqondakala into yokuba amaJuda anamhlanje ayonwabele ukubhiyozela umsitho kwaye afake iintlobo ezifanayo zezinto zokubhiyozela eziyinxalenye yeminyhadala yobomi. Kodwa njengokuba umsitho womtshato ubaluleke ngaphezu kolwamkelo olulandelayo, kubalulekile ukuba ukhumbule ukuba umbutho we-bat mitzvah ngumbhiyozo nje ophawula iziphumo zonqulo lokuba lilulwane le-mit mitva. Ngelixa elinye iqela liqhelekile phakathi kwamaJuda akhululekileyo, alikhange libambe phakathi koluntu lwamaOthodoki.
Izipho
Izipho zihlala zinikwa i-bat mitzvah (ngesiqhelo emva komsitho, kwitheko okanye isidlo). Nasiphi na isipho esifanelekileyo sokuzalwa kwentombazana eneminyaka eli-13 ubudala sinokuziswa. Imali ikwanikwa njalo njengesipho se-bat mitzvah. Kungumsebenzi kwiintsapho ezininzi ukunikela ngenxalenye yesipho semali kwisipho esikhethwe yi-bat mitzvah, kunye nentsalela ihlala yongezwa kwingxowa-mali yomntwana kwikholeji okanye ngokwenza igalelo nakweyiphi na inkqubo yemfundo yamaJuda apho inokuthi ithathe inxaxheba.