Ukukhutshwa kwiCawa yamaKatolika: isikhokelo esipheleleyo
Kubantu abaninzi, igama elithi ukugxothwa lishiya imifanekiso ye-Inquisition yaseSpain, igqitywe ngentambo kunye nentambo kwaye mhlawumbi itshisa esibondeni. Ngelixa ukugxothwa kungumbandela onzulu, iCawa yamaKatolika ayithathi njengokugxothwa njengesohlwayo, ukuthetha ngokungqongqo, kodwa njengenyathelo lokulungisa. Kanye njengokuba umzali enokuthi anike umntwana "ixesha lokuphuma" okanye "ukumhlaba" ukuze amncede acinge ngento ayenzileyo, inqaku lokugxothwa kukwabiza umntu ukuba agxothwe ekuguqukeni kwaye ambuyisele kubudlelwane obugcweleyo neCawa yamaKatolika ngokusebenzisa Isakramente yokuvuma izono.
Kodwa luyintoni kanye kanye ugqatso?
Khupha isivakalisi kwisivakalisi esinye
Ukugxothwa, ubhala uFr. UJohn Hardon, SJ, kwisichazi-magama sakhe sale mihla yama Katolika, "kukucekiswa kweecawa apho umntu ebekhutshelwa ngaphandle kubudlelane nabathembekileyo".
Ngamanye amagama, ukugxothwa yindlela yeCawa yamaKatolika yokubonisa ukungavumi okukhulu kwisenzo esenziwe ngumKatolika obhaptiziweyo oziphethe kakubi okanye ngandlela thile okanye ekujongela phantsi inyaniso yokholo lobuKatolika. Ukukhupha esona sohlwayo sesona sohlwayo sigxinekileyo kunokuthi iCawe inyanzele umKatolika obhaptiziweyo, kodwa kuyenziwa ngenxa yothando lomntu kunye neCawe. Inqaku lokugxothwa kukweyisela umntu ukuba isenzo sakhe siphosakele, ukuze azisole ngesenzo aze axolelane neCawa kwaye, kwimeko yezenzo ezibangela isigculelo esidlangalaleni, abanye bayazi ukuba isenzo yomntu awathathelwa ingqalelo yamkelekile yiCawa yamaKatolika.
Kuthetha ukuthini ukugxothwa?
Iziphumo zokugxothwa kumiselwa kwiKhowudi yoMthetho weCanon, imigaqo elawulwa yiCawa yamaKatolika. ICanon 1331 ithi "Umntu ogxothiwe akavumelekanga"
Yiba nenxaxheba yomfundisi-ntsapho ekubhiyozelweni kwedini lomthendeleko okanye kweminye imibhiyozo yenkolo yalo naluphi na uhlobo;
Bhiyozela iisakramente okanye iisakramente kwaye wamkele iisakramente;
Ukusebenzisa ii-ofisi, ezolungiselelo okanye imisebenzi yecawa yalo naluphi na uhlobo okanye ukubeka urhulumente.
Iziphumo zokugxothwa
Isiphumo sokuqala sisebenza kwabefundisi: oobhishophu, ababingeleli nabadikoni. Umzekelo, ubhishophu ogxothiweyo akanakho ukukhupha isakramente yesiqinisekiso okanye athathe inxaxheba ekumiselweni komnye ubhishophu, umfundisi okanye idikoni; umbingeleli ogxothwayo akanakubhiyozela isininzi; kwaye idikoni ekhutshiwe ayinako ukujongana nomthendeleko womtshato okanye ithathe inxaxheba kumbhiyozo wasesidlangalaleni wesakramente yoBhaptizo. (Kukho okwahlukileyo kokuchasene nesi siphumo, kuqatshelwe kwiCanon 1335: "uvinjelwe unqunyanyisiwe naphi na apho kufuneka khona ukuba unakekele abathembekileyo abasemngciphekweni wokufa." Ke, umzekelo, umfundisi ogxothiweyo anganikezela ngeeNdlela zokugqibela nokumamela uvumo lokugqibela lokuba ngumKatolika oswelekileyo.)
Isiphumo sesibini sisebenza kubo bobabini abefundisi nakubantu, abangakwaziyo ukufumana naziphi na iisakramente ngelixa bekhutshiwe (ngaphandle kweSakramente yokuvuma, kwiimeko apho ukuvuma uvumo lwakho lwanele ukuze kususwe isohlwayo sokugxothwa).
Isiphumo sesithathu sisebenza ikakhulu kubefundisi (umzekelo, ubhishophu ogxothiweyo akanakho ukusebenzisa igunya lakhe eliqhelekileyo kwidayosisi yakhe), kodwa nokubeka abantu abenza imisebenzi kawonke-wonke egameni leCawa yamaKatolika (utsho, utitshala kwisikolo samaKatolika). ).
Yintoni ayisiyi kugxothwa
Inqaku lokugxothwa lihlala liqondwa gwenxa. Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba xa umntu egxothiwe, "akasenguye umKatolika." Kodwa njengokuba iCawe inokuthi ikhuphe egxeni kuphela ukuba ingumKatolika obhaptiziweyo, umntu ogxothiweyo uhlala engumKatolika emva kokugxothwa kwakhe ngaphandle kokuba, kunjalo, uyazithethelela (oko kukuthi, ulahla ngokupheleleyo ukholo lobuKatolika). Kwimeko yowexuko, nangona kunjalo, ayikokugxothwa kungamenzi abe ngum Katolika ngakumbi; yayilukhetho awayenalo lokushiya iCawa yamaKatolika.
Injongo yeCawa kulo naluphi na ugwebo kukuqinisekisa ukuba umntu ogxothiweyo ubuyela kubudlelwane obugcweleyo neCawa yamaKatolika ngaphambi kokuba abhubhe.
Iindidi ezimbini zokugxothwa
Kukho iintlobo zokukhupha ezaziwa ngamagama abo esiLatin. Isikhutshelo sobuntu yinto exelwe emntwini ligunya leCawa (ngesiqhelo ubhishophu wakhe). Olu hlobo lokukhupha luye luye ngokungaqhelekanga.
Olona hlobo luqhelekileyo lokukhupha lubizwa ngokuba latae sententiae. Olu hlobo lwaziwa ngesiNgesi njenge "othomathikhi" ukugxotha. Ukugxothwa ngokuzenzekelayo kwenzeka xa umKatolika ethatha inxaxheba kwizenzo ezithile ezithathwa njengezinesimo sokuziphatha okubi kakhulu okanye ngokuchasene nenyaniso yenkolelo yamaKatolika kangangokuba isenzo esifanayo sibonisa ukuba uzimase angabinanto yakwenza neCawa yamaKatolika.
Ukwenza njani ukuba ugxothwe ngokuzenzekelayo?
Umthetho weCanon udwelisa ezinye zezi zenzo ezikhokelela ekukhutshweni okuzenzekelayo. Umzekelo, ukuwexuka kwinkolo yamaKatolika, ukukhuthaza ubuqhophololo okanye ukubandakanyeka kuhanahaniso, oko kukuthi, ukugatya igunya elifanelekileyo kwiCawa yamaKatolika (Canon 1364); lahla iintlobo zobungcwalisa boMthendeleko (undwendwe okanye iwayini emva kokuba babe liGazi kunye neGazi likaKristu) okanye "uzigcine ngenxa yeenjongo ezingcwele" (Canon 1367); ukuhlasela upopu ngokomzimba (Canon 1370); kwaye ukhupha isisu (kwimeko kamama) okanye uhlawula isisu (Canon 1398).
Ngapha koko, abefundisi banokufumana ukhuphelo oluzenzekelayo, umzekelo, ngokutyhila izono ebezixelwe kubo kwi-Sacrament of Confession (Canon 1388) okanye ngokuthatha inxaxheba ekuzinikezelweni kobhishophu ngaphandle kwemvume yoopopu (Canon 1382).
Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuphakamisa ukugxothwa?
Kuba eyona ndawo iphambili yokugxothwa kukuzama ukweyisela umntu ogxothiweyo ukuba aguquke kwisenzo sakhe (ukuze umphefumlo wakhe ungabikho sengozini), ithemba leCawa yamaKatolika kukuba zonke izinto zokuzikhupha ekugqibeleni ziya kuphakanyiswa, kwaye kungekudala kunokuba emva. Ngamanye amaxesha, njengokukhupha ngokuzenzekelayo ukufumana isisu okanye uwexuko, ihlelo okanye ubuqhophololo, ukugxothwa kungaphakanyiswa ngokuvuma ngokunyaniseka, ngokugqibeleleyo nangokuzithoba. Kwezinye, ezinjengezo zonyanzeliswayo ngokuchasene ne-Ekaristi okanye ukwaphula isityikityi sokuvuma ubungqina, ukugxothwa kungaphakanyiswa kuphela ngupopu (okanye umthunywa wakhe).
Umntu owaziyo ukuba ukhutshiwe kwaye ufuna ukuba kugxothwe umntu ofanelekileyo kufuneka aqale aqhakamshelane nomfundisi wecawe yakhe kwaye axoxe ngeemeko ezithile. Umbingeleli uya kumcebisa ngokwamanyathelo afanelekileyo anokuphakanyiswa.
Ngaba ndisengozini yokugxothwa?
UmKatolika ophakathi akanakufane abe sengozini yokugxothwa. Umzekelo, amathandabuzo abucala malunga neemfundiso zeCawa yama Katolika, ukuba ayichazwanga esidlangalaleni okanye ayifundiswanga njengeyinyaniso, ayifani naleyo yexuko.
Nangona kunjalo, inkqubo ekhulayo yokuqhomfa phakathi kwamaKatolika kunye nokuguqukela kwamaKatolika kwiicawa ezingezizo ezobuKristu kubandakanya ukugxothwa ngokuzenzekelayo. Ukubuyiselwa kubudlelane obugcweleyo neCawa yamaKatolika ukuze umntu akwazi ukufumana iisakramente, olo gxothwa kufuneka lurhoxiswe.
Iibheji ezidumileyo
Uninzi lokukhutshwa esidumileyo embalini, ewe, olunxibelelene neenkokeli zamaProtestanti, ezinjengoMartin Luther ngo-1521, uHenry VIII ngo-1533 kunye no-Elizabeth I ngo-1570. , ugxothwe kathathu nguPopu Gregory VII. Ukuguquka kokugxothwa kwakhe, uHenry wenza uhambo lokuya kuPopu ngoJanuwari nge-1077 kwaye wahlala kwikhephu ngaphandle kweNqaba yaseCanossa kangangeentsuku ezintathu, enganxibanga zihlangu, ekhawulezile enxibe ihempe, de uGregory wavuma ukuphakamisa ukugxothwa.
Okona kugxothwayo kudume kakhulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje kwenzeka xa u-Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre, umxhasi we-Mass yemveli yase-Latin kunye nomseki woMbutho we-Saint Pius X, wahlulela oobhishophu abane ngaphandle kwemvume ka-Papa John Paul II ngo-1988. Ubhishophu omkhulu Lefebvre kunye nabo bonke oobhishophu abasandul 'ukumiselwa baba neengxaki ezenzekelayo, ezathi zarhoxiswa nguPopu Benedict XVI ngonyaka ka-2009.
NgoDisemba ka-2016, imvumi ye-pop uMadonna, kwisiqendu se "Carpool Karaoke" kwiLate Late Show noJames Corden, wathi wayekhutshiwe kathathu yiCawa yamaKatolika. Ngelixa uMadonna, owabhaptizwayo kwaye wakhulisa ubuKatolika, wayehlala egxekwa ngabefundisi bamaKatolika kunye noobhishophu ngeengoma ezihlekisayo kunye nokwenza kakuhle kwiikonsathi zakhe, akazange agxothwe ngokusemthethweni. Kuyenzeka ukuba uMadonna agxothwe ngokuzenzekelayo ngenxa yezenzo ezithile, kodwa kule meko ukugxothwa akuzange kubhengezwe esidlangalaleni yiCawa yamaKatolika.