I-Madonna yeenyembezi: ingxelo yezonyango malunga nolwelo oluphume emehlweni kaMadonnina

INGCACISO NEINGQWELO

Ulwelo phantsi kovavanyo kakhulu opalescent kancinane kwaye iqulathe kakhulu umzuzu kancinane corpuscles tyheli kancinane. Ubungakanani bolwelo oluza kuhlolwa bumalunga ne-cubic centimeter enye kwaye aluvumeli nakuphi na ukusabela kwekhemikhali enkulu. Uluhlu lwe-micro-reactions olubonisayo lusetyenziselwa iimvavanyo zokuthelekisa kumanzi adibeneyo, amanzi entwasahlobo kunye ne-serum ye-physiological (isisombululo se-sodium chloride kwi-9 ngewaka ngalinye); ukongeza, ezinye iimpendulo ezicacileyo nezisisiseko ezinxulumene nophando lwekhemikhali-physical-biological lwenziwa xa kuthelekiswa ne secretion yeenyembezi yomntu omdala (ethathwe kuGqr Cassola nguGqr. Cotzia) kunye nokukrazula komntwana oneminyaka emibini kunye iinyanga ezisixhenxe, zeNest Kindergarten yaseSirakuse: Galeota Giuseppe di Santo - Via Molo. I-chemical-reactions micro-reactions iphinda ihlolwe kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zokukhulisa phantsi kwe-microscope, kunye nokuqwalaselwa kwentsimi yonke ye-chemical reaction, ukugqiba ukubonakala kwe-precipitate, kwakhona xa kuthelekiswa namalungiselelo avela kwiimpendulo zokuthelekisa njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla. Ngenxa yale njongo, iimpendulo zalungiselelwa kwiislayidi zemicroscope, zicocwe kakuhle kwaye emva kokuqwalaselwa kwe-ocular, oko kukuthi ngeliso lenyama, ukubonwa kwe-microscopic kwaqala (emva kokuncamathelisa iglasi ekhavayo), exhaswa luvavanyo lokuthelekisa kulwelo olusele lukhankanyiwe nakwiinyembezi. efihliweyo ngezifundo zabantu, ezithathwe njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, kwiLebhu. Ukuqwalaselwa kweempendulo ezahlukeneyo kwajongwa lilungu ngalinye leKomishoni kwaye uqwalaselo olubonakalayo lwaxhaswa luvavanyo oluchanekileyo kunye nolungelelwaniso lobuchwephesha nolwenzululwazi koko kuye kwabonwa. I-micro-reactions eyenziwayo yayikhawulelwe kwezo zifundo zophando ezinxulumene nokwakhiwa kwezinto ezibandakanya ukukhululeka kwe-"Madonnina".

INKQUBO YOKUHLALUTYWA

Ukumiselwa kwempendulo.
Ukuzimisela kwempendulo kuqhutywe ngokusebenzisa amaphepha akhethekileyo ophando oluthelekisayo lwe-PH, ukufumana i-PH = 6,9.

Iimpendulo ezenziweyo.

I-micro-reactions yenziwa ngokuthatha i-liquid phantsi koviwo kunye ne-platinum loop ecocekileyo ngokupheleleyo, i-reagents yafakwa kwiislayidi kunye nenye i-platinum loop ehlanjululwe kakuhle ngumlilo.
Khangela i-sulphates
Ulwelo lovavanyo olongeziweyo kwi-nitrate ye-barium: aluzange lunike ukubunjwa kwayo nayiphi na i-precipitate: Ukungabikho kwe-sulphates.
Ulwelo lovavanyo olongezwe nge-hydrochloric acid: akukho mveliso ifunyenweyo:
Ukungabikho carbonates.
Ulwelo lovavanyo olongezwe kwi-potassium thiocyanide: uphawu olubomvu olubonisa intsimbi aluzange lufunyanwe:
Ukungabikho kwentsimbi.
Ulwelo lovavanyo olongeziweyo kwi-potassium pyroantimonate: ikristale emhlophe uphawu lwesodium pyroantimonate:
ubukho sodium.
Ubukho obusele buchongiwe edangatyeni ngocingo lweplatinam olufunjwe ngolwelo oluphantsi kovavanyo, nto leyo ekhokelela kumbala otyheli onzulu wesodium kwidangatye elixubene ne-oxidizing. I-calcium nayo yayingekho, kuba akukho mbala o-orenji-bomvu wabonwa kunye nedangatye le-oxidizing. Ulwelo lovavanyo longezwe kwi-nitrate yesilivere kwimeko-bume ye-nitric acid: Imvula emhlophe yeCaseous enotyekelo oluncinci lokuba tyheli, izinzile kuphawu lweprecipitate egqabhukileyo egqabhukileyo, ukusuka kukwakheka kwekloridi yesilivere ebonisa ubukho beklorini. I-anomaly encinci kumbala wemvula enamaqhuqhuva amorphous afunyenwe phantsi koqwalaselo lwe-microscopic (amaqhuqhuva amorphous anenkangeleko emnyama), yabangela ingxoxo yesayensi-yobuchwephesha phakathi kwamalungu eKomishoni, awathi, ukongeza ukuphinda uvavanyo, enze. Iimvavanyo zothelekiso zombini kwisisombululo se-saline kunye namanzi entwasahlobo, ukujonga inkangeleko yesilivere yechloride precipitate, ehlala iphantsi kwethafa lemikroskopu ngaphandle, nangona kunjalo, ukuqaphela kwezinye zazo akukho mibala yeempawu, okanye i-nuclei ekhangelekayo emnyama. Uthelekiso lwempendulo kwi secretion yeenyembezi zomntu omdala ke kusetyenziswa, ukufumana imvula efanayo kunye ne-morphic nuclei yenkangeleko emnyama. Isenzo esifanayo sisaqhutywa ekukhupheni kweenyembezi zomntwana okhankanywe ngasentla kwaye kwabangela imvula eninzi ngakumbi kuneemvavanyo ezimbini zangaphambili, kodwa ngenkangeleko emhlophe kunye nobutyebi obungaphantsi kwamaqhuqhuva amnyama anenkangeleko emnyama. Ngoku, ekubeni kwi-secretion yeenyembezi, ngaphezu kobukho be-sodium chloride, kukho iincinci ezincinci zeeprotheni okanye izinto ezifanayo zihlala zohlobo lwe-quaternary, oko kukuthi, eyenziwe yikhabhoni, i-hydrogen, i-oksijini, i-nitrogen; kunokugqitywa ukuba malunga nolu vavanyo, ukuhluzwa kunye nokulawulwa, i-nitrate yesilivere ibangela ukubunjwa kweproteyite yesilivere enyibilikayo nangona kukho i-sodium chloride kunye ne-asidi ethi, ngokumalunga nobuninzi obukhoyo, ithanda umbala onokuhluka. ukusuka kumthubi okhanyayo ukuya kumthubi-mdaka kunye nokuya kumdaka onzulu, kuxhomekeke kumthamo weproteni. Kubunjwa beprotheyini (i-quaternary) ekhutshwe kulwelo oluphumayo, olufana ne-lacrimal secretion, kunokwenzeka ukuba ubukho, ngenxa yobudlelwane obuphathekayo kunye nobumbano, be-nuclei ye-amorphous efana ne-alkaline urates (naye quaternary) emisela, kwi ubukho besilivere, ukwakheka kwekhompawundi enenkangeleko emnyama efana nenuclei efunyenwe kokubini kulwelo oluphantsi kovavanyo nakwizinto ezimbini zokukrala kwabantu, kwaye ezifumaneka ikakhulu kwimfihlo yomntu omdala kwaye, ngakumbi kokugqibela, umbala omthubi we-precipitate ye-chloride yesilivere.

ISIPHELO

Ekugqibeleni, i-aspect, i-alkalinity kunye nokwakheka kukhokelela ekubeni sikholelwe ukuba ulwelo oluhlolisisiweyo lunokwakheka okufanayo kunye nokuphuma kweenyembezi zomntu. ISirakuse, ngoSeptemba 9, 1953.
isayinwe: UGqr Michele Cassola, uMlawuli oBambeleyo yeCandelo leMicrographic yeLebhu yePhondo.
UGqr Francesco Cotzia, uMncedisi weCandelo leMicrographic kwiLebhu yePhondo, eSyracuse.
UGqr. UProf Leopoldo La Rosa, ikhemisti yezococeko.
UGqr Mario Marletta, uGqirha.
ISiqendu esisayinwe ngaphantsi. U-Giuseppe Bruno uqinisekisa ukuba uye waya kwiimvavanyo zeemviwo ezenziwa kulwelo, ekubhekiselwe kulo kwingxelo ye-4 ekhoyo, kwaye uthabathe isifungo, kwi-SS. IiVangeli, zabatyikityi, abatyikitye ndikhona. Ozithobileyo, Giuseppe Bruno, umfundisi werhamente S. Tommaso Ap. – ISirakuse