Imfihlakalo emehlweni eNenekazi lethu laseGuadalupe alichazeki kwisayensi
Kwasekuseni ngoMgqibelo umhla we-9 kweyoMnga ngo-1531, uJuan Diego wasuka kwilali yakhe waya eSantiago Tlatelolco. Njengoko wayedlula kwinduli yaseTepeyac wabethwa yingoma ehambelanayo yeentaka. Enomdla, ukhwela phezulu kwaye apho abona ilifu eliqaqambileyo elimhlophe lijikelezwe ngumnyama.
Ekuphakameni okukhulu, weva ilizwi limbiza ngothando, lisebenzisa ulwimi lwesiNahuatl: "UJuanito, uJuan Dieguito!" Kwaye apha wabona iNenekazi elihle lisiya kuye lisithi: "Mamela, nyana wam, mncinane, uJuanito, uyaphi?" UJuan Diego uyaphendula: "Nenekazi kunye nentwana yam, kufuneka ndiye endlwini yakho [etempileni] eMexico-Tlatilolco, ndiyokumamela izinto zeNkosi abasifundisa zona ababingeleli bethu, abathunywa beNkosi yethu". Inenekazi lathi kuye: Yazi kwaye ugcine engqondweni yakho, mncinci kubantwana bam, ukuba ndihlala ndiyiNtombikazi enguMariya, uMama woThixo oyinyaniso ahlala kuye, uMdali okho kuyo yonke indawo, Nkosi yezulu kwaye Zomhlaba. Uya kuba nokufaneleka kunye nomvuzo omninzi ngomsebenzi kunye nomzamo oya kuthi wenze ngawo endikucebisayo. Yabona, lo ngumsebenzi wam, nyana wam omncinci, hamba wenze konke onako ukukwenza ”. INtombikazi Engcwele icela uJuan Diego ukuba aye kuBhishophu weSixeko saseMexico, ayokuthetha ngomnqweno wakhe wokuba kwakhiwe icawe encinci kuloo nduli, nalapho azakunceda khona kwaye akhusele bonke abantu baseMexico.
Amanani ali-13 emehlweni oMama wethu waseGuadalupe
Batyhila umyalezo ovela kwiNtombikazi enguMariya: phambi koThixo, amadoda nabafazi bazo zonke iintlanga bayalingana.
Amehlo kaDadenethu waseGuadalupe enza intsingiselo enkulu kwisayensi, njengoko izifundo zenjineli uJosé Aste Tönsmann waseCentro di Studi Guadalupani kwisiXeko saseMexico zityhile.
Imbali
UAlfonso Marcué, umfoti osemthethweni we-Basilica yakudala yaseGuadalupe kwisiXeko saseMexico, wafumanisa ngo-1929 into eyayibonakala ingumfanekiso wendoda enentshebe ibonakala kwiliso lasekunene laseMadonna. Ngo-1951, umyili uJosé Carlos Salinas Chávez wafumanisa lo mfanekiso mnye ngelixa wayebukele ifoto yeNkosikazi Yethu yaseGuadalupe ngeglasi eyayisenza nkulu. Uye wayibona ibonakala kwiliso lakhe lasekhohlo, kwindawo enye iliso eliphilayo beliya kuthi liza kuqala.
Uluvo lwezonyango kunye nemfihlelo yamehlo akhe
Ngo-1956 ugqirha waseMexico uJavier Torroella Bueno wabhala ingxelo yokuqala ngamehlo aloo nto ibizwa ngokuba yiVirgen Morena. Isiphumo: njengakuyo nayiphi na iliso eliphilayo imithetho yePurkinje-Samson yazalisekiswa, okt kukho ukubonakaliswa okuphindwe kathathu kwezinto eziphambi kwamehlo kaMadonna kunye nemifanekiso egqwethekileyo yimilo egobileyo yee-corneas zakhe.
Kwakuloo nyaka mnye, ugqirha wamehlo uRafael Torija Lavoignet wavavanya amehlo oMfanekiso oyiNgcwele kwaye waqinisekisa ubukho ngamehlo amabini eNtombi eyintombi echazwe ngumyili uSalinas Chávez.
Isifundo siqala ngeenkqubo zedijithali
Ukusukela nge1979, ugqirha weeNkqubo zeKhompyuter kunye nokuthweswa isidanga kwezobuNjineli uJosé Aste Tönsmann utyhile imfihlakalo emehlweni kaGuadalupana. Usebenzisa inkqubo yokufaka ikhompyuter kwimifanekiso yekhompyuter, uchaze ukubonakaliswa kwabalinganiswa abali-13 emehlweni eVirgen Morena, ngokwemithetho kaPurkinje-Samson.
Ububanzi obuncinci beekorneas (i-7 kunye ne-8 yeemilimitha) ngaphandle kwokwenzeka kokuzoba amanani emehlweni, ukuba sithathela ingqalelo izinto zokwenza imveliso apho umfanekiso ungafakwanga khona.
Iimpawu ezifumaneka kubafundi
Isiphumo seminyaka engama-20 yokufunda ngocoselelo ngamehlo eNkosikazi Yethu yaseGuadalupe kukufunyanwa kwamanani amancinci ali-13, utshilo uGqirha José Aste Tönsmann.
1.- Inzalelwano ebonayo
Ubonakala ngokupheleleyo, ehleli emhlabeni. Intloko yemveli iphakanyisiwe kancinci kwaye ibonakala ijongeka ngathi phezulu, njengophawu lokuqwalaselwa kunye nentlonipho. Yima uhlobo lwehupula kwindlebe kunye neembadada ezinyaweni.
2.- abadala
Emva kokuzalwa, ubuso bendoda endala buyaxatyiswa, bunempandla, ngeempumlo ezibalaseleyo nezithe nkqo, amehlo atshonile ajika ezantsi kunye neendevu ezimhlophe. Iimpawu zihambelana nezo zomntu omhlophe. Ukufana kwakhe okumangalisayo noBhishophu Zumárraga, njengoko kubonakala kwimizobo kaMiguel Cabrera ukusukela kwinkulungwane ye-XNUMX, kusivumela ukuba sicinge ukuba ikwanguloo mntu.
3.- Umfana oselula
Ecaleni kwendoda endala kukho umfana oneempawu ezibonisa ukumangaliswa. Ukuma kwemilebe kubonakala kuthetha nalo bhishophu utyholwayo. Ukusondela kwakhe kuye kwakhokelela ekucingeni ukuba wayengumguquleli, kuba ubishophu wayengathethi ulwimi lwaseNáhuatl. Kukholelwa ukuba nguJuan González, umfana waseSpain ozelwe phakathi kwe-1500 kunye ne-1510.
4.- uJuan Diego
Ubuso bendoda evuthiweyo buye babonakala, inempawu zesintu, intshebe encinci, impumlo ye-aquiline kunye nemilebe eyahluliweyo. Inomnqwazi omile ngefoyile, isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo phakathi kwabemi belo xesha ababezinikele kumsebenzi wezolimo.
Eyona nto inomdla kweli nani yingubo ayinxibileyo ebotshelelwe entanyeni, kunye nenyani yokuba wolula ingalo yakhe yasekunene kwaye ubonakalisa ingubo kwicala ajonge kulo umdala. I-hypothesis yomphandi kukuba lo mfanekiso uhambelana nemboni uJuan Diego.
5.- Umfazi omnyama
Emva kwesityholo sikaJuan Diego kubonakala umfazi ogqobayo ojonge ngokumangaliswa. Ngumzimba kunye nobuso kuphela obunokubonakala. Unebala elimnyama, impumlo ethe tyaba nemilebe eshinyeneyo, iimpawu ezihambelana nezo zomfazi omnyama.
U-Father Mariano Cuevas, kwincwadi yakhe ethi Historia de la Iglesia en México, ubonakalisa ukuba u-Bishop Zumárraga wayelinikile inkululeko kwikhoboka lakhe elimnyama elalimkhonze eMexico.
6.- Indoda enentshebe
Ngasekunene kwezo zombini i-corneas kubonakala indoda enentshebe eneempawu zaseYurophu ezingabonakaliyo. Ibonisa isimo sengqondo sokucamngca, ubuso bubonisa umdla kunye nokudideka; ugcina amehlo akhe kwindawo apho imveli ityhila khona ingubo yakhe.
Imfihlelo ngaphakathi kwemfihlakalo (yenziwe ngamanani 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 no-13)
Embindini wamehlo omabini kuvela into ebizwa ngokuba "liqela losapho lwemveli". Imifanekiso ibukhulu obahlukileyo kunabanye, kodwa aba bantu banobukhulu obulinganayo phakathi kwabo kwaye benza imeko eyahlukileyo.
(7) Umfazi omncinci oneempawu ezintle kakhulu okhangeleka ejonge phantsi. Unoluhlobo lwekhanda kwizinwele zakhe - ii-braids okanye iinwele eziboshwe ngeentyatyambo. Emqolo wakhe kumi intloko yomntwana ngengubo (8).
Kwinqanaba elisezantsi nasekunene kukamama omncinci yindoda enomnqwazi (9), kwaye phakathi kwaba babini kukho isibini sabantwana (inkwenkwe nentombazana, 10 no-11). esinye isibini samanani, ngeli xesha indoda nebhinqa eliqolileyo (12 no 13), bema emva kwentombazana encinci.
Indoda esele ikhulile (13) kuphela komntu umphandi angakhange afumane kubo bobabini i-Virgin, bekho kuphela kwiliso lasekunene.
isiphelo
Ngomhla we-9 kuDisemba ngo-1531, iNtombikazi enguMariya yacela uMthonyama uJuan Diego ukuba makakhiwe itempile kwinduli yaseTepeyac ukuze yaziwe uThixo “nokuzalisekisa iminqweno yam yemfesane (…)”, Nican Mopohua n. 33.
Ngokomlobi, la manani ali-13 athathiweyo aveza umyalezo ovela kwiNtombikazi enguMariya usiya eluntwini: phambi koThixo, amadoda nabafazi bazo zonke iintlanga bayalingana.
Abo beqela losapho (Amanani 7 ukuya kwele-13) emehlweni omntu oyiNtombi Enyulu yaseGuadalupe, ngokukaGqirha Aste, ngawona manani abalulekileyo phakathi kwalawo abonakala kwii-corneas zakhe, kuba zibekwe kubafundi bakhe, oko kuthetha ukuba uMariya waseGuadalupe unosapho olukumbindi wemfesane yakhe. Isenokuba sisimemo sokufuna umanyano losapho, ukusondela kuThixo kusapho, ngakumbi ngoku ekubeni le yokugqibela ingathathelwa ntweni luluntu lwanamhlanje.