Inkolo yeHlabathi: Isishwankathelo sezibhalo zamaBuddhist
Ngaba ikhona iBhayibhile yamaBuddha? Akunjalo ngokuchanekileyo. UbuBuddha bunenani elikhulu lezibhalo, kodwa zimbalwa izicatshulwa ezamkelwe njengezinyanisiweyo nezigunyazisiweyo sisiphi na isikolo sikaBuddha.
Kukho esinye isizathu sokuba kungabikho Bhayibhile yamaBhuda. Iinkolo ezininzi zithatha izibhalo zabo njengelizwi elityhiliweyo likaThixo okanye oothixo. KwiBuddhism, nangona kunjalo, kuyaqondakala ukuba iZibhalo ziimfundiso zikaBuddha ongokwembali - owayengenguye uthixo - okanye ezinye iinkosi ezikhanyiselweyo.
Iimfundiso zezibhalo zeBuddhist zikhokelo zokuziqhelanisa okanye indlela yokufezekisa ukukhanya kwakho. Into ebalulekileyo kukuba uyiqonde kwaye uyenze into efundiswayo zizicatshulwa, hayi nje "ukuyikholelwa".
Iindidi zezibhalo zamaBuddhist
Izibhalo ezininzi zibizwa ngokuba "sutras" ngesiSanskrit okanye "suttas" kwiPali. Igama sutra okanye sutta lithetha "umsonto". Igama "sutra" kwisihloko sombhalo libonisa ukuba umsebenzi yintshumayelo kaBuddha okanye ngomnye wabafundi bakhe abaziintloko. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko siza kuchaza kamva, uninzi lwama-sutras kusenokwenzeka ukuba aneminye imvelaphi.
Isutras ziyafumaneka kwiisayizi ezininzi. Ezinye zide, ezinye zilayini kuphela. Akukho mntu ubonakala ethanda ukuqikelela ukuba zingaphi i-sutras apho bekuya kuthi ukuba ufumana ubunzima bonke abantu kwi-canon nganye kwaye uqokelelwe kwimfumba. Okuninzi.
Ayizizo zonke izibhalo ezizii-sutras. Ukongeza kwii-sutras, kukwakho namagqabantshintshi, imithetho yeemonki kunye noonongendi, iintsomi ngobomi bukaBuddha kunye nezinye iintlobo ezininzi zezicatshulwa eziqwalaselwe njenge "zibhalo".
IiCanons zeTheravada neMahayana
Malunga neminyaka engamawaka amabini eyadlulayo, ubuBuddha bahlukana baba zizikolo ezibini ezikhulu, ngoku ezibizwa ngokuba yiTheravada neMahayana. Izibhalo zeBuddhist zidibene nenye okanye enye, zahlulwe zangumda weTheravada neMahayana.
Iiteravadines azithathi njengeziqinisekileyo izibhalo zaseMahayana. AmaBuddha aseMahayana, xa ewonke, acinga ukuba uluhlu lweTheravada luyinyani, kodwa kwezinye iimeko amaBuddha aseMahayana acinga ukuba ezinye zezibhalo zabo zithathe indawo yegunya leTheravada. Okanye, batshintshela kwiinguqulelo ezahlukeneyo kunenguqulo yeTheravada.
Izibhalo zobuBhuda Theravada
Imibhalo yesikolo iTheravada iqokelelwe emsebenzini obizwa ngokuba yi-Pali Tipitaka okanye iPali Canon. Igama lesiPali elithi Tipitaka lithetha "iibhasikithi ezintathu", ezibonisa ukuba iTipitaka yahlulwe yangamacandelo amathathu, kwaye icandelo ngalinye yingqokelela yemisebenzi. Amacandelo amathathu yibhasikithi ye-sutras (Sutta-pitaka), ibhasikithi yoqeqesho (Vinaya-pitaka) kunye nengobozi yeemfundiso ezizodwa (Abhidhamma-pitaka).
I-Sutta-pitaka kunye neVinaya-pitaka ziintshumayelo ezirekhodiweyo zembali kaBuddha kunye nemithetho ayimiselayo ukuyalela i-monastic. I-Abhidhamma-pitaka ngumsebenzi wohlalutyo kunye nefilosofi enxulumene noBuddha kodwa mhlawumbi yabhalwa kwiinkulungwane ezimbalwa emva kweParinirvana.
I-Theravadin Pali Tipitika zonke zikulwimi lwe-Pali. Kukho iinguqulelo kwezi tekisi zifanayo zikurekhodwe kwiSanskrit, nangona uninzi lwazo sinazo iinguqulelo zesiTshayina zentsingiselo yesiSanskrit elahlekileyo. Ezi zicatshulwa zeSanskrit / isiTshayina ziyinxalenye yeecan Chinese kunye neTibetan canons zeMahayana Buddhism.
Izibhalo zikaMahayana Buddhist
Ewe, ukongeza kwisiphithiphithi, kukho imigaqo emibini yezibhalo zeMahayana, ebizwa ngokuba yiCanon yaseTibetan kunye neCanon yaseChina. Zininzi iitekisi ezibonakala kuzo zombini ii-canon kwaye uninzi aziveli. ICanon yaseTibet ngokucacileyo inxulunyaniswa nobuBuddhism baseTibet. IChinon Canon inegunya kakhulu eMpuma Asia - China, Korea, Japan, Vietnam.
Kukho inguqulelo yeSanskrit / yaseTshayina yeSutta-pitaka ebizwa ngokuba yiAgamas. Ezi zifumaneka kwiCanon yaseTshayina. Kukho ezininzi iiMahayana sutras ezingenabambiswano kwi-Theravada. Kukho iintsomi kunye namabali adibanisa ezi sutras zikaMahayana kunye neBuddha yezembali, kodwa ababhali-mbali basixelela ukuba le misebenzi yabhalwa kakhulu phakathi kwenkulungwane yokuqala ye-BC kunye ne-1th ye-BC, kwaye eminye kamva. Ubuninzi, ukungqina kunye nokubhalwa kwezi zibhalo akaziwa.
Imvelaphi engaqondakaliyo yale misebenzi iphakamisa imibuzo malunga negunya labo. Njengoko benditshilo, amaTravada amaBhuda azigatya ngokupheleleyo izibhalo zikaMahayana. Phakathi kwezikolo zikaMahayana Buddhist, ezinye ziyaqhubeka nokudibanisa iiMahayana sutras kunye neBuddha yembali. Abanye baqonda ukuba ezi zibhalo zabhalwa ngababhali abangaziwayo. Kodwa ke ngenxa yokuba ubulumko obunzulu kunye nexabiso lokomoya kwezi zibhalo zibonakele kwizizukulwana ezininzi, ziyalondolozwa kwaye zihlonitshwe njenge-sutra.
IiMahayana sutras kucingelwa ukuba zazibhalwe ngesiSanskrit, kodwa amaxesha amaninzi kuneenguqulelo ezindala esele zikhona ziinguqulelo zesiTshayina kwaye iSanskrit yoqobo ilahlekile. Abanye abaphengululi, nangona kunjalo, bathi iinguqulelo zokuqala zamaTshayina, enyanisweni, ziinguqulelo zantlandlolo, kunye nababhali bazo bathi baziguqulele ukusuka eSanskrit ukubanika igunya elingaphezulu.
Olu luhlu lweesupras eziphambili zeMahayana azigqitywanga kodwa zibonelela ngenkcazo emfutshane yezona zibalulekileyo zeMahayana sutras.
AmaBuddha aseMahayana ngokubanzi amkela ingxelo eyahlukileyo yeAbhidhamma / Abhidharma ebizwa ngokuba yiSarvastivada Abhidharma. Esikhundleni se-Pali Vinaya, i-Tibetan Buddhism ngokubanzi ilandela enye inguqu ebizwa ngokuba yi-Mulasarvastivada Vinaya kunye nayo yonke iMahayana ngokubanzi ilandela iDharmaguptaka Vinaya. Kwaye kukho amagqabantshintshi, amabali kunye nokunyanga okungaphaya kokubala.
Izikolo ezininzi zaseMahayana zigqiba ngokwazo ukuba zeziphi iinxalenye zobu buncwane zibaluleke kakhulu, kwaye uninzi lwezikolo zigxininisa kwi-sutras kunye neenkcazo. Kodwa ayisoloko inesandla esifanayo. Ke akukho, akukho "Bhayibhile yamaBhuda".